Help
Options
Didn't know it?
click below
click below
Knew it?
click below
click below
Don't Know
Remaining cards (0)
Know
retry
shuffle
restart
0:00
Embed Code - If you would like this activity on your web page, copy the script below and paste it into your web page.
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Biology Quiz 5
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| activation energy | energy necessary for reactions to occur |
| active site | enzyme's specific region to which the substrate binds |
| allosteric inhibition | inhibition by a binding event at a site different from the active site, which induces a conformational change and reduces the enzyme's affinity for its substrate |
| transition state | high-energy, unstable state (an intermediate form between the substrate and the product) occurring during a chemical reaction |
| thermodynamics | study of energy and energy transfer involving physical matter |
| anabolic | (also, anabolism) pathways that require an energy input to synthesize complex molecules from simpler ones |
| substrate | molecule on which the enzyme acts |
| potential energy | energy type that has the potential to do work; stored energy |
| ATP | adenosine triphosphate, the cell's energy currency |
| phosphoanhydride bond | bond that connects phosphates in an ATP molecule |
| metabolism | all the chemical reactions that take place inside cells, including anabolism and catabolism |
| bioenergetics | study of energy flowing through living systems |
| kinetic energy | energy type that takes place with objects or particles in motion |
| induced fit | dynamic fit between the enzyme and its substrate, in which both components modify their structures to allow for ideal binding |
| heat energy | total bond energy of reactants or products in a chemical reaction |
| catabolic | (also, catabolism) pathways in which complex molecules break down into simpler ones |
| heat | energy transferred from one system to another that is not work (energy of the molecules' motion or particles) |
| free energy | Gibbs free energy is the usable energy, or energy that is available to do work |
| chemical energy | potential energy in chemical bonds that releases when those bonds are broken |
| feedback inhibition | a product's effect of a reaction sequence to decrease its further production by inhibiting the first enzyme's activity in the pathway that produces it |
| exergonic | describes chemical reactions that release free energy |
| coenzyme | small organic molecule, such as a vitamin or its derivative, which is required to enhance an enzyme's activity |
| entropy | measure of randomness or disorder within a system |
| enthalpy | a system's total energy |
| cofactor | inorganic ion, such as iron and magnesium ions, required for optimal enzyme activity regulation |
| competitive inhibition | type of inhibition in which the inhibitor competes with the substrate molecule by binding to the enzyme's active site |
| denature | process that changes a subtance's natural properties |
| endergonic | describes chemical reactions that require energy input |
| Which of the following is a common energy currency in living cells that powers most living organisms? | ATP |
| How does ATP release energy that can be used by living cells? | By breaking a bond within an ATP molecule |
| Which of the following statements about heat is false? | It is a highly organized form of energy. |
| A chemical reaction that has a positive ΔG is best described as ________. | endergonic |
| Which of the following is an example of potential rather than kinetic energy? | a molecule of glucose |
| Which of the following is true when comparing an uncatalyzed reaction to the same reaction with a catalyst? | The catalyzed reaction will have the same ∆G. |
| Which of the following aspects of enzyme structure is best described by a clasping handshake analogy? | the specific manner in which an enzyme binds substrate |
| Which of the following characteristics is most likely to be associated with an enzyme that catalyzes two different chemical reactions? | Either the enzyme has two distinct active sites or the substrates involved in the two reactions have very similar structures. |
| A series of enzymes catalyze the reactions in the metabolic pathway X → Y → Z → A. Product A binds to the enzyme that converts X to Y at a position remote from its active site. This binding decreases the activity of the enzyme. What is substance X? | a substrate |
| Which of the following statements about anabolic pathways is true? | They consume energy to build up polymers from monomers. |
| Which of the following statements is an important consequence of this first law? | The organism must ultimately obtain all the necessary energy for life from its environment. |
| Which of the following is part of the first law of thermodynamics? | Energy cannot be created or destroyed. |
| In exergonic chemical reactions: | the reactants have more energy than the products. |
| Which of the following lowers the activation energy of a biochemical reaction? | catalysts |
| Enzymes are important because they: | allow reactions to occur at body temperature. |
| Certain vitamins, such as niacin, act as _______ in enzyme-catalyzed reactions. | coenzymes |
| The end product of a biosynthetic pathway often acts to block the initial step in that pathway. This phenomenon is called: | feedback inhibition. |
| Competitive and noncompetitive enzyme inhibitors differ with respect to: | the precise location on the enzyme to which they bind. |
| Entropy is a measure of an increase in: | randomness. |
| Energy that is not converted to useful energy is usually given off as: | heat. |
Created by:
fratbrotori