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Gr 11 physics
11.1-11.9
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Electrical power | Power=Change in Energy/time=△E/△t the rate of transforming electrical energy Unit: KiloWatt(KW) 1kWh = 3.6 million joules |
| Electric potential | measurement of electric potential energy associated with charges(electrons) |represents the amount of energy needed to move a quantity of electrons |the closer the electrons, the easier they will move and the higher their electric potential |
| Electric potential difference | V = △E/Q change between the electric potential at two points in a circuit(Voltage) V=electric potential difference(J/C) △E=change in electric potential(J) Q=amount of charge(C) |
| Voltmeter | measure increases in electric potential(sources) and decreases in electric potential(loads) |sources: batteries or electrical outlets |loads: lightbulb, resistor, speaker(anything that uses electricity) |
| increase in voltage | (△E)greater change in electric potential OR (Q)lower amount of change(amount of electrons moving) |
| decrease in voltage | lesser change in electric potential OR greater amount of charge(amount of electrons moving |
| Direct current | the flow of the electrons is only in one direction through a circuit |Electrons go from the negative terminal source through the conducting wires to the positive terminal source|The more free electrons that move in one direction, the greater the current |
| equation | I = Q/△t I = current(A=amperes) Q=amount of charge(C) △t=change in time 1 C of charge or electrons passing a point every second in a circuit equals 1 A 1C of electrons = 6.2x10^18 |
| ammeters | measure the electrons flowing in the wire. must be connected in series |too much current is dangerous, as it can heat up the wires and cause fires. large flows of electrons are dangerous |
| Kirchhoff's voltage law | in a complete circuit the total electric potential increase at the source equals the total electric potential decrease throughout the rest of the circuit |
| series circuit KVL | -Vseries = V1+V2+V3+.. |there is only one path so all of the loads share the electric potential |
| parallel circuit KVL | -Vparallel = V1=V2=V3=.. there is more than one path so the electric potential decrease across each load must be the same as the electric potential increase at the source |
| Kirchhoff's current law | in a closed circuit, the amount of current entering a junction(where more than one path appears) is equal to the amount of current exiting the junction |
| series circuit KCL | -Iseries = I1=I2=I3.. |only has one path(no junctions) so there can be only 1 possible current throughout assuming no energy loss |
| parallel circuit KCL | -Iparallel = I1+I2+I3+.. |there is more than one path. the current will split depending on the number of paths |the current does not have to split equally. It depends on the resistance of the loads |
| electrical resistance | a measure of how difficult it is for electric current to travel through a material Units: Ohms Ω |
| resistors | electric devices that have specific electrical resistance |
| ohms law | R = V/I R= resistance V = Electrical potential(V) I = current(C) the voltage in a conductor is proportional to the current |
| ohmmeter | measures electrical resistance always connected in parallel and must never be used on a live circuit |
Created by:
jolly_n4
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