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Chemistry Test
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Element | Fundamental building blocks, element on the periodic table |
| Atom | One single element |
| Molecules | A combination of 2 or more atoms |
| Compounds | Made of two or more elements |
| The Law of Constant Composition | A particular compound is always composed of the same ratio of each element |
| Atoms | Particles composed of protons, neutrons, and electrons |
| Ernest Rutherford's gold foil experiment | Disproved the plum pudding model and discovered nucleus. |
| J.J. Thomson's cathode ray tube experiment | Discovered electrons |
| Isotopes | Atoms with the same number of protons but different numbers of neutrons |
| Plum pudding model | States that electrons are negatively charged particles embedded in a positively charged substances. A uniform ´Pudding´ of positive charge with enough electrons scattered throughout to balance it out. |
| Nucleus | Mass of an atom is located |
| Empty space | Volume of an atom is located |
| Cation | Positive |
| Anion | Negative |
| Explain how an ion is formed. | Ion's are formed when an atom gains or loses electrons |
| Example of isotope: | 14C and 12C |
| What is not an example of electromagnetic radiation? | UV rays |
| What statement about atomic structure is incorrect? | Electrons move in circular orbits around the nucleus |
| The distance between two crests in a wave is called the | wavelength |
| An orbital can be described as | an area in space where the electron is likely to be found |
| A photon with a longer wavelength will have | Lower energy and lower frequency |
| Scientists led to what conclusion? | That the energy of the hydrogen atom is quantized |
| Moving down the periodic table, does atomic size increase or decrease? explain. | It increase because electrons are added to a new energy level. |
| Moving from left to right does atomic size increase or decrease? | It decreases because the electrons are being added to the same energy level and are no farther from the nucleus. |
| Moving down from the periodic table, does ionization energy increase or decrease? | It decreases because the highest energy electron is farther from the nucleus and is easier to move. |
| Moving across the periodic table, does ionization energy increase or decrease? | It increases. The highest energy electron is closer to the nucleus and is therefore harder to move. |
| What was Erwin schrodingerś contribution to our understanding of the structure of the atom? | He treated the electron as a wave and developed the idea of orbitals . |
| List the following in the order that they made their contribution. | Democritus, Aristotle, Dalton, JJ Thomson, Ernest Rutherford |
| Bohr Model | It pictured the electron moving in circular orbits corresponding to various allowed energy levels. |
| Why do scientists spend so much time trying to understand electrons and their locations in an atom? | If you understand electrons better, you can understand how elements bond better as well as how things are organized in the universe. |
| Democritus | Atomos- uncuttable |
| Aristotle | Air, water, fire earth |
| Dalton | Law of constant composition |
| JJ Thompson | Plum pudding model |
| Ernest Rutherford | Gold foil experiment |
| Dalton's atomic theory | 1. Elements are made of atoms 2. All atoms of a given element are identical (WRONG, neutrons!) 3. Atoms of a given element are different from those of any other element 4. Atoms of one element can combine with other atoms to form compounds |
| Dalton's atomic theory continued | 5. Atoms are indivisible in chemical processes, they are not created or destroy in chemical reactions but are changed. (WRONG, they can be destroyed!) |
| Who made the wave mechanical model? | Erwin Schrödinger and Louis Victor de Broglie |
| Probability distributions | The location of the electron in a hydrogen atom |
| How is the modern model of the atom different from plum pudding? | Modern atom has positive charges centered in the nucleus. |
Created by:
brookie!
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