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SOC 101
quiz
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| the science of society | Sociology |
| products of human interaction with persuasive or coercive power that exist externally to any individual | Social Facts |
| systematically collected of empirical observations | Data |
| queries about the world that can be answered empirically | Research Questions |
| scientific strategies for collecting empirical data about social facts | Sociological Research Methods |
| tools of sociological inquiry that involve careful consideration and discussion of the meaning of nonnumerical data | Qualitative Research Methods |
| tools of sociological inquiry that involve examining numerical data with mathematics | Quantitative Research Methods |
| the skill of understanding others as they understand themselves | Sociological Sympathy |
| the set of moral principles that guide empirical inquiry | Research Ethics |
| empirically based explanations and predictions about relationships between social facts | Sociological Theory |
| explainable and foreseeable similarities and differences among people influenced by the social conditions in which they live | Social Patterns |
| points of view grounded in lived reality | Standpoints |
| the work of using sociological theory to make societies better | Public Sociology |
| the capacity to consider how people's lives-- including our own-- are shaped by the social facts that surround us | Sociological Imagination |
| the recognition that other minds exist, followed by the realization that we can try to imagine others' mental states | Theory of mind |
| the self that emerges as a consequence of seeing ourselves as we think other people see us (Cooley) | Looking-Glass Self |
| a research method that involves an intimate conversation between the researcher and a research subject | In-depth Interview |
| a process in which segments of text are identified as belonging to relevant categories | Coding |
| a phenomenon in which what people believe is true becomes true, even if it wasn't originally true | Self-fulfilling prophecy |
| a research method that involves a test of a hypothesis under carefully controlled conditions | Laboratory Experiment |
| any measurable phenomenon that varies | Variable |
| the group in a laboratory experiment that undergoes the experience that researchers believe might influence the dependent variable | Experimental group |
| the group in a laboratory experiment that does not undergo the experience that researchers believe might influence the dependent variable | Control Group |
| assertions that an independent variable is directly and specifically responsible for producing a change in a dependent variable | Causal Claims |
| assertions that changes in an independent variable correspond to changes in a dependent variable but not in a way that can be proven causal | Correlational Claims |
| a story we tell about the origin and likely future of our selves | Self-narrative |
| differences in groups' shared ideas, as well as the objects, practices, and bodies that reflect those ideas | Culture |
| the lifelong learning process by which we become members of our cultures | Socialization |
| able to understand and navigate our cultures with ease | Culturally Competent |
| an influential and shared interpretation of reality that will vary across time and space | Social Construct |
| the process by which we layer objects with ideas, fold concepts into one another, and build connections between them | Social Construction |
| a constellation of social constructs connected and opposed to one another in overlapping networks of meaning | Symbolic Structure |
| ideas about what is true and false | Beliefs |
| notions as to what's right and wrong | Values |
| shared expectations for behavior | Norms |
| active efforts by others to help us become culturally competent members of our cultures | Interpersonal Socialization |
| subgroups within societies that have distinct cultural ideas, objects, practices, and bodies | Subcultures |
| active efforts we make to ensure we're culturally competent members of our cultures | Self-Socialization |
| the connections between us and other people | Social Ties |
| webs of ties that link us to each other and, through other people's ties, to people whom we're not directly linked | Social Networks |
| social networks mediated by the internet | Social Media |
| our tendency to connect with others who are similar to us | Homophily |
| a research method that involves the mapping of social ties and exchanges between them | Social Network Analysis |
| mediated communication intended to reach not just one or a handful of people but many | Mass Media |
| the process of learning how to be culturally competent through our expose to media | Media Socialization |
| physically present and detectable in the body itself | Embodied |
| tools of sociological inquiry that investigate relationships between sociological variables and biological ones | Biosocial Research Methods |
| the idea that we're socialized into culturally specific moralities that guide our feelings about right and wrong | Culture-as-value thesis |
| the idea that we're socialized to know a set of culturally specific arguments with which we can justify why we feel something is right or wrong | Culture-as-rationale thesis |
| the practice of assuming that one's own culture is superior to the cultures of others | Ethnocentrism |
| the practice of noting the differences between cultures without passing judgement | Cultural Relativism |
| the socially constructed categories and subcategories of people in which we place ourselves or are placed by others | Social Identities |
| active efforts to affirm identity categories and place ourselves and other into their subcategories | Distinction |
| the claim that members of our own group are superior to members of other groups | Positive Distinction |
| preferential treatment of members of our own group mistreatment of others | In-group Bias |
| the tendency of people to form groups and actively distinguish themselves from others for the most trivial of reasons | Minimal Group Paradigm |
| the idea that people are inclined to form social groups, incorporate group membership into their identity, take steps to enforce group boundaries, and maximize positive distinction and in-group success | Social Identity Theory |
| people who are gay, lesbian, bisexual, or otherwise non-heterosexual | Sexual Minorities |
| a socially meaningful set of artificial distinctions falsely based on superficial and imagined biological differences | Race |
| a noneconomic good given to one group as a measure of superiority over other groups | Psychological Wage |
| the idea that anyone with any trace of Black ancestry should be considered Black | One-drop Rule |
| a law limiting legal recognition of American Indians to those who have at least a certain level of documented indigenous ancestry | Blood Quantum Rule |
| an identity based on collective memories of a share story and distinctive culture | Ethnicity |
| the ideas, traits, interests, and skills that we associate with being biologically male or female | Gender |
| a reference to physical traits related to sexual reproduction | Sex |
| the idea that people come in two and only two types, males who are masculine and females who are feminine | Gender Binary |
| people with physical characteristics typical of both people assigned male and people assigned female at birth | Intersex |
| people who are assigned male at birth who identify as men as well as people assigned female at birth who identify as women | Cisgender |
| people assigned male at birth who don't identify as men as well as people assigned female at birth who don't identify as women | Transgender |
| people who identify as both man and woman or neither man nor woman | Nonbinary |
| clusters of ideas attached by social convention to people with specific social identities | Stereotype |
| a research method that involves counting and describing patterns of themes in media | Content Analysis |
| the active performance of social identities | Doing Identity |
| the use of wages to purchase goods and services | Consumption |
| spending elaborately on items and services with the sole purpose of displaying one's wealth | Conspicuous Consumption |
| a personal attribute that is widely devalued by members of one's society | Stigma |
| pervasive negative stereotypes that serve to justify or uphold inequality | Controlling Images |
| attitudinal bias against individuals based on their membership in a social group | Prejudice |
| high or low esteem | Status |
| collectively shared ideas about which social groups are more or less deserving of esteem | Status Beliefs |
| a research method that uses computers to extract and analyze data | Computational Sociology |
| people who carry many positively regarded social identities | Status Elite |
| the recognition that our lives are shaped by multiple interacting identities | Intersectionality |
Created by:
muhammadb