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old testament
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| poetical books | Job, Psalms, Proverbs, Ecclesiastes, and Song of Songs |
| wisdoom literature | Proverbs, Job, Ecclesiastes, and SOME of the Psalms |
| common characeristics | Meter, Parallelism, Chiasm, Acrostics |
| archaeology | discovery and preservation of the material remains of ancient cultures |
| Two Approaches to Relating | 1. Exclusivism and Separation 2. Inclusivism and Connection |
| What Are the Ras Shamra Texts? | 1928 Discovery leading to the Excavation of Ugarit |
| 3 results of Ras Shamra texts | • Improved Study of Hebrew • Revealed Details about Baals and Canaanite Religion • Showed Parallels between some Psalms and RS Texts |
| Steele of Merneptah | First mention of Israel outside the Bible |
| Black Obelisk of Shalmaneser III (825 BC) | Earliest image of a person in the Bible, Jehu |
| Behistun Inscription or Behistun Rock (500s BC) | carving commissioned by Darius the Great Three languages on it with an ancient alphabet system, cuneiform 1835, Henry Rawlinson of England learned to decipher the cuneiform |
| Rosetta Stone (196 BC) | Allowed Hieroglyphics to be understood |
| Dead Sea Scrolls (90 AD) | Portions of every book in the Old Testament except Esther |
| Wisdom Literature Defined: | literature that offers guidance on accepting life’s blessings and coping with life’s hardships |
| Subcategory of Poetry: | Wisdom Literature |
| wisdom literature listed | Proverbs, Job, and Ecclesiastes and some Psalms |
| types of wisdom literature | Egyptian Instructional Wisdom and Mesopotamian Discursive Wisdom |
| two approaches | Theological Approach and Grammatical historical method |
| theological approach | the Word of God, The Perfect Word of God, God’s Revelation, the Path to Christ |
| Egyptian Instructional Wisdom | sayings that instruct a person on how to live as a successful person. Basic message—do the right thing and you will do well. Wise people do the right thing. |
| Mesopotamian Discursive Wisdom | long documents that deal with suffering and hardship. They do not offer a “why” for suffering. Instead they offer a response to the suffering |
| Theodicy | literature that explores the question of why people suffer |
| Ludlul Bel Nemeqi | story of a person rejected by the gods and then by his friends; then has physical ailments; nothing of his traditional religious practices brings relief and he wonders, “why”? |
| Job Section One/Prologue | Job loses everything he has and suffers personally, although he has done nothing (this setting rejects retribution theology) Job loses everything he has and suffers personally, although he has His wife advises him to abandon faith and curse God (2:9) |
| Job's three friends | Eliphaz, Bildad, and Zophar |
| Section Two: | Speeches by the Three Friends Eliphaz, Bildad, and Zophar |
| Essence of the Message of the Three Friends: | God is Just/What Happens to You Results from You results from either sins of action or inaction. You are wrong to question God. |
| Essence of Job’s numerous responses: | He rejects their answers completely |
| The Final Section of Job: | Job and God Meet and Talk Chapters 38-42 |
| Final section of Job summary: | God puts Job in his place. Job admits he is wrong for questioning. He repents and returns to God. His faith is deepened |
| grammatical historical method | the study of the language and historical background of the Bible |
| Defining the Old Testament | A collection of 39 different books in response to immediate contexts and challenges and slowly pulled together into a canon |
| what book is rejecting retribution theology | the book of Job |
| what is Job ch 28 doing | celebrating the wisdom of God |
| why does Job get to talk to God | because his protests and questions provoked it |
| proverbs | 31 Chapters Divided into Nine Sections |
| mashal | basic literary unit; two line statement |
| message of proverbs | Wisdom is Necessary for Successful Living Wisdom is Relational (right relationship with God and with humans) Wisdom is Connected to Character and Virtue Wisdom is Applied Knowledge of the Correct “Facts” |
| proverbs shares many similarities with | egyptian writings , specifically The Teaching of Amenemope |
| psalms | A specific type of Hebrew Poetry: Ancient Worship Liturgies (formula for a religious service) |
| how many diff books in psalms | 150 |
| Tehillim | the Hebrew title of the collection, means Praises |
| layout of psalms | Ps 1 introduces it; Psalm 150 concludes it; 5 Sections [1-41; 42-72; 73-80; 90-106; 107-150] |
| Types/Classifications of Psalms | 1. Hymns of Praise Psalm 2. Penitential Psalms 3. Royal Psalm 4. Thanksgiving Psalm 5. Lament Psalm 6. Imprecatory Psalm |
| Penitential Psalms | Expressions of Sorrow for Failure |
| Royal Psalm | Celebration of the King |
| Thanksgiving Psalm | Expression of gratitude for deliverance from an enemy |
| Lament Psalm | Expression of deep sorrow and frustration/ About 1/3 of the Psalms are Laments |
| expressions in lament | Usually 3 Expressions in a Lament 1. An expression of grief 2. An expression of trust in God in spite of the suffering 3. An expression of gratitude for being heard by God |
| Imprecatory Psalm | An expression of grief and suffering AND an expressed desire for revenge |
| The ______________________________ books are the extra books found in the Roman Catholic Canon | apocryphal apocrypha |
| List and explain the three questions that you should ask about every passage in the Bible. | When did it happen? when was it written? what is the lesson? |
| ____________________________________ is the term that describes how God's spirit worked with human authors to inspire the sacred writings. | Inspiration |
| Which of the following is NOT one of the ancient languages of the Old Testament? | mesopotamia is NOT one |
| name three ancient laguages of old testament | Aramaic Hebrew Greek |
| refers to a method of interpreting the Bible. The method that the textbook uses is the grammatical historical method. | Hermeneutics |
| The Old Testament is a collection of 39 different books, each produced separately... | protestant defintion |
| collection of 24 books... | Hebrew/Jewish |
| collection of 39 books and additonal called apocrypha | catholic |
| conents of hebrew/ jewish canon | 39 books same as christian plus additional called apocrypha |
| contents of hebrew jewish canon | torah former prophets latter prophets writings |
| contents of protestant/christian canon | torah or pentateuch history poetry and wisdom major prophets minor prophets |
| _______ equivalency stresses word for word equivalency | formal |
| subregions of ancient isreal | coastal plains central mountians jordan rift transjordian highlands |
| List the basic path from no book of the Old Testament to a final, finished book in the canon | 1. an event 2. an oral story 3. pre biblical written story 4. a book |
| grammatical historical method | a way to interpret the Bible |
| grammatical historical method components | understand the context immediate context - sentences surrounding remote context - Bible - surrounding chapters historical context determine type of literature interpret figurative language let scripture intrepret scripture |
| 9 periods of hebrew history pt 1 | Ancestral period 2000-1500 Enslavment and exodus and wilderness 1290-1250 Conquest and settlement 1250-1050 United monarchy 1050-922 |
| 9 periods of hebrew history pt 2 | Divided monarchy 922-722 Judah alone 722-587 Babylonian exile 587 - 373 Postexcilic pride/restoration 537-350 Greek and roman era 350-time of christ |
| The _________________________ refers to the first five books of the Old Testament. This word is based on two Greek words meaning, "five scrolls." | pentateuch |
| vulgate | translation of Bible to latin |
| septugint | translation of hebrew bible to greek |
| dynamic equivilancy | seaks meaning for meaning equivelancy |
| 4 regions | egypt mesopotamia asia minor levant (syria - palestine) |
| List and briefly explain three forms of biblical scholarship | source redaction form criticism |
| Source criticism | The belief that the pentateuch has been complied of four different sources (JEDP) |
| Redaction criticism | An attempt to explain scientifically how these sources were edited together. Studied how editors used source criticism to write the bible |
| Form criticism | Analyzes various literary types and isolates smaller units study of prebiblical oral units |
| The word, Torah, has a very precise and narrow definition and designation. The word means "law" and nothing else | false |
| Which of the following is the derivation and meaning of Genesis? | Greek word meaning origins |
| According to the textbook, what is the problem of Genesis 1-11? | God created a universe that is good and humanity ruined what God made |
| The word, ___________________________, describes God's special new binding relationship with God's people | covenant |
| Which of the following is NOT one of the overarching themes of the first five books of the Old Testament? | The prophetic message of Almighty God |
| The documentary hypothesis is associated with which of the following? | source criticism |
| Which of the following best describes JEDP? | the four sources used by the authors of the Pentateuch |
| Who was the biggest challenger to the documentary hypothesis? | Hengstenberg |
| The ___________________________ [two words] is the most complete Mesopotamian creation story and it has many interesting parallels with the biblical record | Enuma Elish |
| The _________________________ history means the prehistoric stories of Genesis 1-11 | primeval |
| Which of the following phrases is associated with humans being created in the image of God? | imago dei |
| There are many comparisons between the flood story of Noah and the ancient story of ________________________ | Gilgamesh |
| Which of the following forms of biblical study focuses on isolating small, oral units that are part of the text? | Form criticism |
| The phrase, __________________________________ [three words] means life situation and is associated with form criticism | sitz im leben |
| Which scholar is associated with form criticism? | Hermann Gunkel |
| Which of the following best explains the theology of the Deuteronomic Source? | Keep the Covenant and God will Bless; Reject the Covenant and God will correct/curse |
| anthropolmorphic | with humanlike qualities |
| fiat | creation by divine decree |
| creatio exnihilo | creation out of nothing |
| talmud | refers to first five books as book of moses |
| sitz in leben | situations in life |
| canonical criticism | attempted to study the received form of the OT to expose its theological message |
| The term, ________________________, refers to the individuals who stand at the fountainhead of faith and paved the way for ancient Israel. Their stories form the content of Genesis 12-15 | patriarch |
| How do we go from no books in the Pentateuch to the final finished set of Genesis, Exodus, Leviticus, Numbers, and Deuteronomy? | An event an oral story a pre-Biblical written story a book canoniztaion |
| cosmogony | description of how world was made |
| epic of gilgamesh | account on how gilgamesh rebelled against death after losing a friend |
| sons of noah | shem, ham, japeth |
| sons of noah | shem, ham, japeth |
| bible is | trust worthy and absolute word of God |
| subjects of penatuch | creation of universe enslavment and exodus of heb. God gives law wandering wilderness 40 years final challenges of moses and heb ppl |
| genre of pentateuch | largely historical narrative |
| themes in pentateuch | soverignty of God importance of historyfallen conditional in humanity salvation holliness |
| yawhistic source (J) | written around 900 BC uses the word yawhew/lord uses anthropomorphic language |
| source 2 elohistic source | written around 800 written in northn tribes shows up in dreams, happens in nature, looking up in sky |
| source 3 deuteronomic source | written around 600s shapes book of deuteronomy and former prophets repeats much of exodus leviticus and numbers keep covenant, God blesses |
| source 4 - priestly source | written around 500-400 BC response to babylonian exile and restoration written by priestly figures final editors God says and God calls often used |
| two major sections of gen | 1-11 and 12-50 |
| gen 1-11 | focus: orgins of all humanity beginning of time |
| gen 12-50 | orgins of hebrew people ancient isreal and patriarachs and matriarchs |
| themes of gen | creation of a good world moral failure of humans god will accomplish God's purpose |
| The Old Testament has one section with the Ten Commandments | false |
| The ______________________ ruled Egypt from 1700-1500. They invited other settlers into the region, which coincides very well with Genesis 37-50 | Hyksos |
| messiah | anointed one |
| lessons and morals of gen 12 - 50 | election: God selected abraham to create a nation promise: God promised to accomplish something in the future covenant: God enters a binding agreement based on God's character |
| two interpretations of gen 22 | test of abraham reveelation of God's character God is a loving God who does not require sacrifice God is a mystery, response to the unknown |
| The land of _____________________________ is where the patriarch obeyed the command to offer his son, Isaac, as a sacrifice | Moriah |
| characteristics of joseph's narrative | ancient novel amplifies 3 reasons bridge between 1st period of hebrew history and 2nd |
| Hebrew understanding | God will accomplish God's purpose |
| God's nature is | mercy and forgivness |
| when did Joseph story take place | patriarchal and matriarchal era |
| henotheistic | belief in many Gods but loyalty to one |
| casuictic law | covenant law applied to life |
| teophany | manifestation of God |
| main events of exodus | freedom and isrealites from slavery and covenant of 10 commandments |
| permanent commemoration of the isrealites release from captivity | passover |
| According to the lecture, what is the date for the Exodus that the Book of Exodus gives? | it gives no date |
| Abraham's father had settled in which of these cities? | Haran |
| The book of _____________________________ describes Israel's newly established alliance with God | Exodus |
| exodus is to the old testament as blank and blank is to the new testament | cross and ressurection |
| majority of scholars place exodus at what time | 1290 |
| 3 reasons for 1290 date | Biblical suggestion archeological reasons historical evidence |
| lesson/moral of exodus | dliverance covenant presence of God |
| The book of _____________________________ has a geographical arrangement | geographical arrangement |
| The Book of Exodus identifies the Pharaoh as _________________________________ | no name is given |
| According to the textbook, which of the following routes has the best evidence? | southern route |
| ______________________________ law is a type of law that applies the broad general principles of the Ten Commandments to specific cases or situations, with penalties stated | case law |
| apodictic law | broad general |
| legal code of pentateuch | covenant code - application of exodus deuteronomic code livitical code - liviticus |
| suzerainty treaty | political covenants between unequal partners |
| shema | hear |
| Which of the following is not Deuteronomic? | ruth |
| first five books of old testament - torah - pentateuch | genesis, exodus, leviticus, numbers, deuteronomy |
| when was torah written | 400 bc |
| messages in duteronomy speeches | 1. remember your history (the exodus) 2. remember the law 3. keep the covenant |
| narrative in duteronomy speeches | retelling exodus, leveticus, numbers |
| when was deuteronomy written | started in 600s and finished in 400s |
| deuteronomic theology | keep covenant God blesses, reject covenant God curses |
| dueteronomic theology is | an approach to suffering |
| retribution theology | you get what you get |
| deuteronomic theology is a type of | retribution theology |
| subsets of retribution theology | deuteronomic theology prophetic \wisdom literature - proverbs |
| job is not an example of | retribution theology |
| hexateuch | preferring to view genesis - Joshua as a literary unit |
| books that support deuteronomic theology | Joshua, Judges, 1 and 2, Sameul, 1 and 2 Chronciles |
| prescriptive | what people should do |
| describe | what people did do, perhaps shouldn't of |
| historical books | Joshua, Judges, Ruth, 1 and 2 Samuel, 1 and 2 Kings, 1 and 2 Chronicles, Ezra, Nehamiah, Esther, and Job |
| meter | basic rhythm structure |
| The Jewish canon calls Joshua, Judges, Samuel, and Kings the ___________________________ | former prophets |
| Which of the following best captures the purpose of salvation history? | promotion of faith |
| Which of the following refers to the four sources of the Pentateuch and perhaps Joshua? | JEDP |
| Which of the following persons is associated with scholarship addressing the Deuteronomistic History? | Martin Noth |
| The book of Ruth was written during this time period and was a response to the events of this time period | the Greco-Roman Period |
| The authors and editors of Deuteronomy were connected with the writing of which of the following? | Joshua |
| Baal | God worshipped amoung caanites |
| Which of the following is not one of the poetical books? | ruth |
| _____________________ is the most important feature of Hebrew poetry. This word means that one line complements the next line in some way | Parallelism |
| Archaeology is a very recent form of exploration and study | true |
| Which of the following books is most similar to Egyptian-style wisdom? | proverbs |
| What is the formal definition of archaelogy? [it's not digging up stuff] | Archeology establishes the dates in which things took place to support the historical aspect of the Bible |
| ____________________ are alphabetic poems. That is, each line begins with a word that starts with a different letter of the alphabet | acrostics |
| The term, _____________________________, refers to the language spoken in ancient times in the region around the modern city of Ras Shamra [hint: not the alphabet] | ugaritic |
| Which of the following is the alphabet of the ancient language of the region around the modern city of Ras Shamra? | cuneiform |
| Hebrew poetry is very similar to Ugaritic poetry | true |
| Which of the following best describes how the discovery of non-Hebrew writings, discussed in this week's reading, helped our understanding of the Bible? | These texts provided enormous details about the religions of surrounding cultures |
| Which of the following best describes the religious atmosphere of the region that surrounded the Hebrews? | polytheistic |
| The consort of Baal was __________________________ | Asherah |
| Wisdom literature is a type of Hebrew poetry | true |
| Which of the following best describes the work of Eliphaz, Bildad, and Zophar? | They believe that Job has brought suffering on himself |
| _____________________________ is a type of literature that seeks to explain an all-powerful and all-loving God in world where evil also exists and innocent people suffer. Job is this type of writing | theodicy |
| poetical books | Job, psalms, proverbs, ecclesiastes, and song of songs |
| books of wisdom literature | proverbs, Job, ecclesiastes, some of the psalms |
| common characteristics hebrew poetry | meter, parallelism, chaism, acroistics |
| Which of the following is associated with the Psalms? | Asaph |
| _________________________ are found in the Psalms and they are songs of praise and thanksgiving to God for who he is and what he has done | hymns |
| 1 / 1 pts __________________________ Psalms call for God's judgment against God's enemies and/or his people's enemies. They are statements of revenge | imprecatory |
| List the three elements of most laments | 1. An expression of grief 2. An expression of trust in God in spite of suffering 3. An expression of gratitude for being heard by God |
| The type of wisdom in Proverbs is ________________________ wisdom | instructional |
| Some parts of the Psalms are very similar in genre/literary type to Proverbs | true |
| _______________________ are collections of proverbial and poetic sayings of two lines each, often with opposing/contrasting images | distichs |
| two approaches to relating to outside world | exclusivism and separation - distinctivley different inclusivism and connection - fitting in similarities ex. book of ruth |
| ras shamra | book of baalism |
| results of discovery of ras shamra | improved study of Hebrew revealed details about Baals and caannite religion showed parallels between psalms and ras shamra texts |
Created by:
allikennedy02