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chemistry review2
second half of notes in packet
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| electromagnetic radiation | energy which travels through space in a wave like manner, at the speed of light |
| wavelength (λ) | the distance between two consecutive peaks or troughs on a wave |
| frequency (ν) | the number of waves per second that pass a given point in space |
| amplitude | the height of the wave |
| quantum theory | energy is no longer continuous, it is gained or lost in small bundles called quanta (proposed by max planck) |
| wave-particle duality | electrons are particles that move with wave properties |
| bright-line spectra | a discontinuous spectrum of individual bands of color produced when atoms are exposed to energy sources, such as heat or electricity |
| when is light emitted in electrons | when electrons return to the ground state |
| what theory did the bright line spectra experimentally support | planck's quantum theory |
| own characteristic bright line spectrum | can be used to identify specific elements (each element has one) |
| in the bohr model, the electrons of an atom move around the nucleus in circular | orbits (shells) |
| what prevents the electron from getting pulled into the nucleus | the speed of the electron (travels at the speed of light) |
| shells closest to the nucleus have the | lowest energy |
| naturally, electrons exist in the lowest possible energy state called: | the ground state |
| electrons can absorb energy and jump to higher energy shells | excited state |
| when electrons return to the ground state they emit energy in the form of | light |
| the maximum number of electrons in a shell is given by the formula | 2n^2 |
| the nucleus contains | positive protons and neutral neutrons |
| the charge in the nucleus is | positive |
| valence electrons | the outermost electrons |
| the outermost shell of the atom can never contain more than _____ (octet rule) | 8 electrons |
| the properties of an element are based upon | the number of valence electrons |
| in a dot diagram, dots are used to represent | valence electrons |
| excited electrons jump to higher states as they | absorb energy |
| atoms which have acquired a charge due to gaining or losing electrons to take on a noble gas electron configuration (full octet) | ions |
| positive ions formed by losing rlectrons | cations |
| negative ions formed by gaining electrons (name ends in -ide) | anions |
Created by:
25delaneyk
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