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Rocks & Minerals
| definition | term |
|---|---|
| igneous rock texture in which minerals are easily visible without magnification (indicates a long time to cool) | phaneritic texture |
| : A texture of igneous rocks in which the crystals are too small for individual minerals to be distinguished without the aid of a microscope (indicates fast cool time) | aphanitic texture |
| an igneous texture consisting of large crystals embedded in a matrix of much smaller crystals (typically this rock started cooling underground and was disturbed causing it to finish cooling quickly above ground) | porphyritic texture |
| ingeous rock texture that has a lot of holes & bubbles (these rocks are often formed from ash) | vesicular texture |
| an igenous rock comprised of a bunch of ash & crystal grains | Pyroclastic texture |
| An igenous texture formed when a rock cools so fast it doesn't have time to crystallize, rather it forms a smooth glassy surface (typically found from surfaces of lava flows) | glassy texture |
| exceptionally bright and reflective (diamond) | Adamantine Luster |
| shines like glass | Vitreous luster |
| slightly less shiny than glass | sub-vitreous luster |
| looks like a pearl, a reserved sort of sheen | pearly luster |
| shines like silk, the surface of the mineral is slightly textured | silky luster |
| surface of the mineral looks covered in grease | greasy luster |
| mineral is naturally very dull, no shine | earthy luster |
| a mineral with vitreous luster, is dark green/black in color (mafic), grey/white streak, hardness of 5/6 | Amphibole (Hornblende) |
| a mineral with viterous luster, is dark brown/black in color (mafic), greay streak, hardness of 2.2/3, and has cleavage in 1 perfect direction | Biotite (mica) |
| a mineral with vitreous luster, can be many colors, white streak, hardness of 3, and has 3 perfect planes of cleavage | Calcite |
| a mineral with viterous luster, is pink/white/grey in color, white streak, hardness of 6/6.5 | Feldspar |
| a mineral with vitreous luster, is green/blue/purple in color, white streak, hardness of 4, and fractures in uneven flat surfaces while having 4 planes of cleavage | Fluorite |
| a mineral with sub-metalic luster, is grey in color, dark grey streak, hardness of 1.5/2, often used for pencils | Graphite |
| a mineral is white or clear in color, white streak, hardness of 2 | Gypsum |
| a mineral with a greasy luster, is clear or white in color, white streak, hardness of 2.5, and has perfect cleavage in 3 directions | Halite (salt) |
| a mineral with either a metalic or earthy luster, is grey/brown/red in color, maroon streak, hardness of 6.5, has weak magnetism | Hematite |
| a mineral with a metalic luster, is grey/black in color, hardness of 5.5/6, cleavage in one direction, is strongly magnetic | Magnatite |
| a mineral with vitreous luster, is light brown/clear in color (felsic), white streak, hardness of 2.5/3, has perfect cleavage in one direction | Muscovite (mica) |
| a mineral with vitreous luster, is green in color (mafic), white streak, hardness of 6/6.5 | Olivine |
| a mineral with metalic luster, is brass yellow in color, grey/greenish black streak, hardness of 6.5 | Pyrite |
| a mineral with vitreous luster, is black/brown/green in color (mafic), green streak, harness of 5/6, has 2 perfect planes of cleavage | Pyroxene |
| a mineral with vitreous luster, can be any color, white streak, hardness of 7, has conchoidal fracture | Quartz |
| a mineral with pearly/greasy luster, is white in color, white streak, hardness of 1 (super fragile) | Talc |
| an igneous rock with phaneritic texture (coarse grain) & felsic composition | Granite |
| an igneous rock with phaneritic texture (coarse grain) & intermediate composition | Diorite |
| an igneous rock with phaneritic texture (coarse grain) & mafic composition | Gabbro |
| an igneous rock with aphanitic texture (fine grain) & felsic composition | Rhyolite |
| an igneous rock with aphanitic texture (fine grain) & intermediate composition | Andesite |
| an igneous rock with aphanitic texture (fine grain) & mafic composition | Basalt |
| an igneous rock with a vesicular texture & felsic composition | Pumice |
| an igneous rock with a vesicular texture & mafic composition | Scoria |
| an igenous rock with a vesicular texture & mafic composition, however this rock is much heavier than its vesicular rock counterparts | Vesicular Basalt |
| an igneous rock with porphyritic texture & intermediate composition | Porphyritic Andesite |
| an igneous rock with pyroclastic texture & mafic to felsic composition | Volcanic Tuff |
| an igneous rock with glassy texture & mafic composition | Obsidian |
| composed of other rock fragments cemented by silicate minerals, grain size dictates what the name of the rock is | Clastic Sedimentary Rock |
| composed of organisms and material that dissolved in solution to form a rock, often are very reactive to acid | Biochemical Sedimentary Rocks |
| composed of dead organisms | Organic Sedimentary Rock |
| forms when minerals become supersaturated in a solution and precipitate to form a rock | Chemical Sedimentary Rock |
| a clastic rock with large, angular, poorly sorted grains | Breccia |
| a clastic rock with large, rounded, poorly sorted grains | Conglomerate |
| a clastic rock with course, rounded, well sorted sand grains | Sandstone |
| a clastic rock with fine, rounded, well sorted mud & clay grains | Shale |
| a biochemical rock composed of shell fragments, reacts with acid | Coquina |
| a biochemical rock that is poorly sorted, contains fossils, acid reactive | Fossiliferous Limestone |
| a biochemical rock that is well sorted, acid reactive | Microcrystaline Limestone |
| a biochemical rock composed of fine shell fragments, acid reactive | Chalk |
| an organic rock, there are different stages , the youngest being called peat | Coal |
| very soft chemical rock, is an evaporite | Rock gypsum |
| chemical rock made up of halite, is an evaporite | Rock salt |
| chemical rock that is composed of icrocrystaline quartz, is NOT acid reactive | Chert |
| low grade metamorphic rock, shale protolith | Slate |
| low grade metamorphic rock, satin luster, slate protolith | Phyllite |
| medium grade metamorphic rock, glittery shiny luster, phyllite protolith | Schist |
| high grade metamorphic rock, clear foliation and distinct banding of dark and light minerals, schist protolith | Gneiss |
| high grade metamorphic rock, experiences some partial melting, migmatite protolith | Migmatite |
| recrystalized quartz crystals, sandstone protolith | Quartzite |
| recyrstalized calcite, limestone protolith | Marble |
Created by:
keclouse4