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Unit 2 EOY PINER
Texas Ancient/Native History
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Shaman | A person believed to have the power to summon spirits and heal the sick. |
| Technology | The application of scientific discoveries to practical use. |
| Available | Nearby and ready to use. |
| Hunter-gather | People who moved from place to place hunt, and gather food. |
| Artifact | Any object made or used by humans such as tools, pottery, bones, and shells. |
| Archaeologist | Scientist who studies the physical remains of the past. |
| Nomad | A person who moves from place to place. |
| Confederacy | A union of different groups. |
| Matrilineal | Referring to a group of people that races kinship through the mother's line. |
| Site | A place or a location. |
| Status | A social rank or position. |
| Adobe | A mix of sun-dried earth and straw. Used as mortar. |
| Tepee | A portable home made of tanned bison hides fastened to a framework of poles. |
| Patrilineal | Referring to a group that traces kinship through the father's line. |
| Migrated | To move from one place to another. |
| Jornada | Puebloan Native people of ancient times; disappeared for unknown reasons in the 1400's. |
| Tigua | Puebloan Native people; arrived in Texas in 1680 present day El Paso; Ysleta is the oldest continuous settlement of Texas; practiced patrilineal heritage adopted from Europeans. |
| Middleman | A dealer or agent acting as a go-between for the producers of goods and retailers or consumers. |
| Jumano | Puebloan Culture; trading and hunted bison; acted as middlemen with trading agricultural goods for skins and meat; known for quality of bow and arrows; peaceful people. |
| Tonkawa | Plains people, nomadic, lived in Tepees, fought against the Apache, Caddo, and Wichita. only 1,500 in 1691-died of disease and warfare. |
| Distinct | Notable; unique. |
| Comanche | West Texas plains, superb hunters, followed bison, divided into many bands. Most feared. 1870 forced to Reservations on OK. |
| Lipan Apache | South plains, hunters-bison, planted corn, Forced Jumano out, and fought Comanche. |
| Kiowa | Great Plains, nomadic, hunted bison, had large horse herds, made peace with Comanche, 1870 forced to reservation in OK. |
| Caddo | Lived in Costal Plains Region, lived in complex social system(status), used confederacies, matrilineal kinship, agricultural-corn, hunted deer, bear, and bison. Part of large trade network, known for beautiful pottery. 1859 relocated to Reservations in |
| Karankawa | Costal Plains region, nomadic, traveled by water, used smoke signals to send messages, 1528 first to meet Europeans. |
| Coahuiltecan | South Texas Plains, nomadic, least complex group, known as good runners, hunter-gathers, early 1800's many died from disease, joined other groups and moved to Mexico. |
| Atakapa | Costal Plains Region, swamps/marsh, alligator important animal resource, hunter-gathers. |
| 36,000 BC | Bering Land Bridge opens; first human migrations from Asia to North America. |
| 11,000 BC | Buttermilk Creek Site near Austin, TX. Artifacts found showed how first Texans lived. |
| 600-700 AD | New technologies bow and arrow and pottery. |
| 1200 AD | Practice of agriculture emerges. Native groups start to settle in one place. |
| Pueblos | Name of homes or dwellings in Pueblo Culture. |
| Kivas | Round rooms built in Pueblos for religious purposes. Spiritual paintings on walls; used for rituals good health, rain, and good crops. |
| 1528 AD | First Europeans to arrive; Karankawa first to meet Europeans. |
| Atlatl | A stick that is used to throw a spear farther and gives more force. |
| Bands | Smaller groups. |
| 1859 | Caddo relocated to reservations in Oklahoma; |
| Early 1800's | Many Coahuiltecan died of disease from Europeans; |
| Late 1800's | Wichita moved to reservations in Oklahoma; |
| 1680 | Tigua arrive in Texas. |
| 1400's | Jornada people may have disappeared for unknown reasons. |
| 1600's | Apache move on to Plains of Texas; Tigua Move to present day El Paso; Tonkawa die from disease warfare; Horses become popular. |
| 1500's | Apache move to the plains of Texas |
| 1870 | Comanche, Kiowa moved to Reservations in Oklahoma |
| Natural Texas and Its People | Historical Era from prehistoric time to the arrival of Europeans in 1528. |
| 1700's | Wichita arrive in northern Texas from Oklahoma; |
| 1691 | Tonkawa number around 1,500. Disease and warfare decreased their population. |
Created by:
Coach Budish