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APUSH: Chapter 2
APUSH: Chapter 2 (American Experiments 1521-1700) Vocab
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| chattel slavery | A system of bondage in which a slave has the legal status of property and can be bought and sold like property. |
| neo-europes | Where colonists sought to replicate or at least approximate economies and social structures they knew at home |
| encomienda | A grant of land made by Spain to a settler in the Americas, including the right to use Native Americans as laborers on it |
| columbian exchange | The exchange of plants, animals, diseases, and technologies between the Americas and the rest of the world following Columbus's voyages. |
| outwork | The process of having some aspects of industrial work done outside factories in individual homes. |
| mercantilism | belief in the benefits of profitable trading; commercialism. |
| house of burgesses | 1619 - The Virginia House of Burgesses formed, the first legislative body in colonial America. Later other colonies would adopt houses of burgesses. |
| royal colony | colony under the direct control of the English crown |
| freeholds | Land owned in its entirety, without feudal dues or landlord obligations. Has the legal right to improve, transfer, or sell their landed property. |
| headright system | The Virginia Company's system in which settlers and the family members who came with them each received 50 acres of land |
| indentured servants | Colonists who received free passage to North America in exchange for working without pay for a certain number of years |
| pilgrims | Group of English Protestant dissenters who established Plymouth Colony in Massachusetts in 1620 to seek religious freedom after having lived briefly in the Netherlands. |
| join-stock corporations | Companies made up of group of investors who bought the right to establish plantations from the king |
| predestination | Calvin's religious theory that God has already planned out a person's life. |
| toleration | acceptance of other groups, such as religious groups |
| convenant of works | The Christian idea that God's elect must do good works in their earthly lives to earn their salvation. |
| convenant of grace | a binding agreement that christ made with all who believed in him that promised eternal blessing |
| town meeting | a gathering of local citizens to discuss and vote on important issues |
| Philip II | (1527-1598) King of Spain from 1556 to 1598. Absolute monarch who helped lead the Counter Reformation by persecuting Protestants in his holdings. Also sent the Spanish Armada against England. |
| Francis Drake | English explorer and admiral who was the first Englishman to circumnavigate the globe and who helped to defeat the Spanish Armada (1540-1596) |
| Opechananough | chief of native confederacy after brother Powhatan died, led efforts to defend Indian lands from European, 1644 led unsuccessful uprising -last time Powhatans challenged eastern regions of colony |
| Lord baltimore | Founded the colony of Maryland and offered religious freedom to all Christian colonists. He did so because he knew that members of his own religion (Catholicism) would be a minority in the colony. |
| John winthrop | Puritan governor of Massachusetts Bay Colony. Speaker of "City upon a hill" |
| roger williams | A dissenter who clashed with the Massachusetts Puritans over separation of church and state and was banished in 1636, after which he founded the colony of Rhode Island to the south |
| Anne hutchinson | She preached the idea that God communicated directly to individuals instead of through the church elders. She was forced to leave Massachusetts in 1637. Her followers (the Antinomianists) founded the colony of New Hampshire in 1639. |
| metacom | Aka King Philip, Native American ruler, who in 1675 led attack on colonial villages throughout Massachusetts |
| puritans | A religious group who wanted to purify the Church of England. They came to America for religious freedom and settled Massachusetts Bay. |
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