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Ap lang vocab
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Ad hominem | a fallacy that attacks the person rather than dealing with the real issue in dispute |
| Allegory | a story, poem, or picture that can be interpreted to reveal a hidden meaning, typically a moral or political one. |
| Allusion | A reference to another work of literature, person, or event |
| Anaphora | Repetition of a word, phrase, or clause at the beginning of two or more sentences or clauses in a row |
| Antecedent | The word, phrase, or clause referred to by a pronoun. |
| Antithesis | Two opposite or contrasting words, phrases, or clauses, or even ideas, with parallel structure |
| Aphorism | A brief, cleverly worded statement that makes a wise observation about life. |
| Apostrophe | a figure of speech in which one directly addresses an absent or imaginary person, or some abstraction |
| Assonance | Repetition of a vowel sound within two or more words in close proximity |
| Cacophony | A harsh, discordant mixture of sounds |
| Colloquialism | A word or phrase (including slang) used in everyday conversation and informal writing but that is often inappropriate in formal writing (y'all, ain't) |
| Common Knowledge | Information that is readily available from a number of sources, or so well-known that its sources do not have to be cited. |
| Connotation | the implied or associative meaning of a word |
| Consonance | The repetition of the same consonant sound at the end of words or within words |
| Cumulative Sentence | An independent clause followed by subordinate clauses or phrases that supply additional detail. |
| Deductive Reasoning | reasoning in which a conclusion is reached by stating a general principle and then applying that principle to a specific case (The sun rises every morning; therefore, the sun will rise on Tuesday morning.) |
| Denotation | the literal meaning of a word |
| Ellipsis | the deliberate omission of a word or phrase from prose done for effect by the author |
| Euphemism | a more agreeable or less offensive substitute for a generally unpleasant word or concept |
| Exigence (rhetorical def.) | the part of a rhetorical situation that inspires, stimulates, provokes, or prompts writers to create a text |
| False/Faulty Analogy | argues that because two things are alike in some ways, they are alike in all ways |
| Inductive Reasoning | A type of logic in which generalizations are based on a large number of specific observations. |
| Line of Reasoning | arrangement of claims and evidence that leads to a conclusion |
| Logical Fallacy | An error in reasoning that renders an argument invalid |
| Non-Sequitur | a fallacy in which a conclusion does not follow logically from what preceded it |
| Oversimplification | When a writer obscures or denies the complexity of the issues in an argument |
| Paradox | A statement or proposition that seems self-contradictory or absurd but in reality expresses a possible truth |
| Parallelism | Phrases or sentences of a similar construction/meaning placed side by side, balancing each other |
| Parody | An exaggerated imitation of a serious work for humorous purposes |
| post hoc ergo propter hoc | This fallacy is Latin for meaning that it is incorrect to always claim that something is a cause just because it happened earlier. One may loosely summarize this fallacy by saying that correlation does not imply causation |
| Red Herring | A fallacy that introduces an irrelevant issue to divert attention from the subject under discussion |
| Refutation | A denial of the validity of an opposing argument. In order to sound reasonable, refutations often follow a concession that acknowledges that an opposing argument may be true or reasonable. |
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