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AP WORLD SECTION 1.5
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Who was Ibn Battuta? | A scholar from Morocco, well versed in Islamic law, also known as shariah |
| How did some parts of Africa that resisted Islam protect themselves against attacks from Islamic forces? | They built churches with labyrinths, reservoirs, and tunnels |
| What were kin-based networks? | Families governing themselves, with a male head of the network, the chief, who mediated conflicts and dealt with neighboring groups |
| What did the people of the Hausa ethnic group form sometime before 1000? | The seven states, the Hausa Kingdoms, in present-day Nigeria |
| What was the Hausa Kingdoms' government? | They were loosely connected through kinship ties, but had no central authority |
| What were many Hausa able to benefit from despite lacking access to the sea? | They benefited from the thriving Trans-Saharan trade, a network of trading routes across the desert |
| What happened due to Hausa's kingdom's lack of central authority? | They were frequently subject to domination from outside |
| When did missionaries introduce Islam to the Hausa region? | In the 14th century |
| How did kingdoms on both the western and eastern side of Africa benefit from increased trade? | Wealth, political power, and cultural diversity |
| What were four kingdoms that practiced Islam, animism, and Christianity? | Ghana, Mali, Zimbabwe, and Ethiopia |
| Where was the kingdom of Ghana located? | Between the Sahara and the tropical rain forests of the West African coast |
| When do historians believe Ghana was founded? | During the 5th century, at least two centuries before the time of Muhammad |
| When did Ghana reach its peak of influence? | From the 8th to 11th centuries |
| Ghana rulers sold gold and ivory to Muslim traders in exchange for what? | Salt, copper, cloth, and tools |
| How did the king of Ghana rule? | From Ghana's capital city, Koumbi Saleh, a centralized government aided by nobles and an army equipped with iron weapons |
| What do most scholars believe about Mali's founding ruler, Sundiata? | He was a Muslim and used his connections with others of his faith to establish trade relationships with North American and Arab merchants |
| How did Mali's wealth grow tremendously? | Under Sundiata's steady leadership and cultivation of a thriving gold trade |
| What did Sundiata's nephew do? | His nephew, Mansu Musa, made a pilgrimage to Mecca where his lavish displays of gold left a lasting impression |
| Where was Zimbabwe located? | Between the Zimbezi and Limpopo rivers in modern-day Zimbabwe and Mozambique |
| How did Zimbabwe build its prosperity? | On a mixture of agriculture, grazing, trade, and gold |
| What did Zimbabwe trade with? | Traded with the coastal city-states such as Mombasa, Kilwa, and Mogadisu |
| Which regions did the Indian Ocean trade connect? | East Africa, the Middle East, South Asia, and East Asia |
| How was Swahili developed? | In East Africa, traders blended Bantu and Arabic to create Swahili |
| What surrounded Zimbabwe's capital city by the end of the 13th century? | The Great Zimbabwe, a massive wall of stone, built without mortar |
| What led to the abandonment of Zimbabwe? | Overgrazing damaged the surrounding environment so residents of the capital city abandoned it by the end of the 1400s |
| Which kingdom developed in what is today Ethopia? | The kingdom of Axum developed |
| How did the kingdom of Axum prosper? | It traded goods obtained from India, Arabia, the Roman Empire, and the interior of Africa |
| How did Ethiopia express its power through architecture? | They ordered the creation of 11 massive churches made entirely of rock |
| What caused Ethiopian Christianity to develop separately? | It was separated from both the Roman Catholic Church of western Europe and the Orthodox Church of Eastern Europe |
| What were Sub-Saharan Africa's small communities organized around? | Three structures: kinship, age, and gender |
| What did kinship connections allow people to do? | It allowed people to identify first as members of a family or clan |
| How did communities divide work according to age? | They created age grades or age sets |
| What role did men have in social organization? | They did activities that required a specialized skill, such as leather tanners and blacksmiths |
| What role did women have in social organization? | They did agriculture and food gathering and took the primary responsibilities for carrying out domestic chores and raising children |
| Who were often enslaved in Africa? | Prisoners of war, debtors, and criminals |
| What did most slaves do? | Most did agricultural work and served in households |
| Although people could not own land privately in many kin-based societies, what could they own? | They could own other people, which increased their social status |
| What resulted in an Indian Ocean slave trade between East Africa and the Middle East? | A strong demand in the Middle East for enslaved workers |
| What time period did the Indian Ocean slave trade occur? | Several centuries before the Atlantic Ocean trade and lasted into the 20th century |
| What were enslaved East Africans known as in Arabic? | Zanj |
| What did Zanjs provide? | They provided valuable labor on sugar plantations in Mesopotamia |
| What happened between 869 and 833? | Zanj and many other Arab workers mounted a series of revolts known as the Zanj Rebellion |
| What did about 15,000 people do during the Zanj Rebeliion? | They successfully captured the city of Basra and held it for about ten years before being defeated |
| What made the Zanj Rebellion one of the most successful slave revolts in history? | The large size and long length of time before it was defeated |
| What did song lyrics provide according to traditional African religion? | Ancestor veneration, song lyrics provided a means of communicating with the spirit world |
| What did African music and vocals usually have? | It usually had a distinctive rhythmic pattern and vocals were interspersed with percussive elements such as handclaps, bells, pots, or gourds |
| Why did metalworkers create busts of past rulers? | Ruling royalty could look to them for guidance |
| What were artists in Benin, West Africa famous for? | Their intricate sculptures in bronze and iron |
| What caused some Europeans to increase their respect for West African cultures in the late 19th century? | The sophistication of African pieces of art |
| What were griots, or storytellers? | The conduits of history for a community, possessing knowledge of family lineages and the lives and deeds of great leaders |
| How did griots use music? | They sang their stories and accompanied themselves on instruments such as the drum or 12-string harp called the kora |
| Who did kings often seek counsel from regarding political matters? | Griots |
| How did women serve as griottes? | They would sing at special occasions, such as before a wedding and provided women with a sense of empowerment in a patriarchal society |
Created by:
hannahpatricia