Help
Options
Didn't know it?
click below
click below
Knew it?
click below
click below
Don't Know
Remaining cards (0)
Know
retry
shuffle
restart
0:00
Embed Code - If you would like this activity on your web page, copy the script below and paste it into your web page.
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Failing History
Trying not to, actually
| Clue | Answer |
|---|---|
| Leader of a South American independence movement known as “the Liberator” | Simon Bolivar |
| This man said, “a state too expensive in itself, eventually decays” | Simon Bolivar |
| Won at the Battle Carabobo | Simon Bolivar |
| Author of Letter From Jamaica | Simon Bolivar |
| This man was chastised for letting a peasant woman’s cakes burn | Alfred the Great |
| Created a standing militia called the Fyrn, which defended a network of fortresses known as burhs | Alfred the Great |
| This ruler combined Christian rules with three law codes to create the Doom Book | Alfred the Great |
| 800 young women were known as this man’s daughters and were sent to a colony to aid population | Louis XIV |
| Jean Baptiste Colbert served as minister of finance under this ruler | Louis XIV |
| Cardinal Mazarin arranged this king’s marriage to Marie Theresa of Spain | Louis XIV |
| Apocryphally, a king died of shock after several officials were killed in this city during a march on its New Town Hall. | Prague |
| This city was home to the Taborite and Utraquist factions. | Prague |
| During an event in this city, two officials were saved by the presence of horse manure. After that event, Frederick V fought the Battle of White Mountain near this city. | Prague |
| The Hussite Wars were fought near this city. | Prague |
| A war which was ended by the Peace of Westphalia started after officials in this city were thrown out of windows in one of this city’s three “defenestrations.” | Prague |
| Historical capital of Bohemia, the modern-day capital of the Czech Republic. | Prague |
| Seven fiscal edicts sparked the first popular uprising against this ruler, which is called the Fronde. | Louis XIV |
| A scandal at this ruler’s court called the Affair of the Poisons implicated aristocrats like his mistress Madame de Montespan. | Louis XIV |
| This king issued the Edict of Fontainebleau, revoking many rights given to the Huguenots by the Edict of Nantes. | Louis XIV |
| French king who built the palace of Versailles, nicknamed the “Sun King.” | Louis XIV |
| This country constructed the Colossus of Prora, a massive seaside resort that was part of its system of rewarding workers with leisure activity, the Strength Through Joy Program. | Germany |
| After rejecting the Madagascar Plan, this country decided at the Wannsee Conference on a policy termed the Final Solution. | Germany |
| This country’s death squads killed thousands of people in locations like the Babi Yar ravine. | Germany |
| “Death trains” carried victims to facilities built by this country, like the Dachau concentration camp. | Germany |
| Country that carried out the Holocaust. | Germany |
| One country in this conflict escaped destruction after the Battle of Kunersdorf when Empress Elizabeth suddenly died. | Seven Years’ War |
| A string of British victories in this war led one year to be termed the Annus Mirabilis. | Seven Years’ War |
| This conflict was preceded by a shift of traditional alliances between countries called the Diplomatic Revolution. | Seven Years’ War |
| George Washington started this war by firing on French troops at Fort Duquesne. | Seven Years’ War |
| France lost control of Canada to Great Britain in this war’s North American theater, which was known as the French and Indian War. | Seven Years’ War |
| The “first global war” that lasted from 1756 to 1763, its namesake period of time. | Seven Years’ War |
| This country used motti tactics to isolate portions of the enemy’s army in the Battle of Raate Road. | Finland |
| The League of Nations granted control of the Aland Islands to this country. | Finland |
| In the Continuation War, this country allied with Nazi Germany and retook the Karelian Isthmus during Operation Barbarossa. | Finland |
| Bombs dropped on this country were mockingly referred to as “bread baskets” and were followed by “cocktails” thrown at invading tanks. | Finland |
| A sniper from this country nicknamed the “White Death” operated during the Winter War. | Finland |
| Nordic country that is governed from Helsinki. | Finland |
| In an uprising against this ruler, striking workers were joined by women protesters on International Women’s Day. | Nicholas II |
| Due to fear that there was not enough beer and pretzels, a stampede killed over one thousand people during this ruler’s coronation feast. | Nicholas II |
| This ruler’s imperial guard fired at unarmed protestors led by Father Georgy Gapon, after which this ruler’s advisor Sergei Witte helped him draft the October Manifesto. | Nicholas II |
| This ruler, whose Imperial Guard committed the Bloody Sunday massacre, was overthrown by the February Revolution. | Nicholas II |
| The Bolsheviks executed this last tsar of Russia. | Nicholas II |
| The arrival of Alexei Orlov in this country sparked a failed revolt that led to this country’s war of independence. | Greece |
| The 1830 London Protocol gave power to this country’s first king, Otto of Bavaria. | Greece |
| This country’s war for independence was led by a Phanariote who led the “Society of Friends.” | Greece |
| The son of Muhammad Ali of Egypt, Ibrahim Pasha, successfully besieged the city of Missolonghi in this country, but was later defeated at Navarino. | Greece |
| Lord Byron fought for this country’s independence. | Greece |
| This country’s independence leaders included Alexander Ypsilantis and is currently controlled from Athens. | Greece |
| This ruler’s crushing victory at the battle of Wagram led to the retirement of his opponent Archduke Charles from military duty. | Napoleon |
| Thomas Carlyle coined the phrase “whiff of grapeshot” to describe this ruler’s suppression of an uprising. | Napoleon |
| Forces loyal to this ruler lost at the battles of Bailen and Salamanca, which weakened the throne this ruler gave to his brother Joseph. | Napoleon |
| The Dos de Mayo uprising targeted this man’s forces in Spain, who were defeated by a force led by Arthur Wellesley. | Napoleon |
| This emperor of France lost to the Duke of Wellington at Waterloo. | Napoleon |
| France agreed to support this cause after the signing the Plombières agreement with a prime minister who resigned due to the Treaty of Villafranca. | Italian Unification |
| This cause was supported by a secret society of “charcoal burners” who forced King Ferdinand I to accept a constitution in 1820. | Italian Unification |
| This cause was furthered by victories at the Battles of Como and Solferino. | Italian Unification |
| A leader of this cause led the Redshirts on the Expedition of the Thousand to conquer opposition to this cause. | Italian Unification |
| The kingdom of Piedmont fought for this cause, which was achieved with the accession of its king Victor Emmanuel II. | Italian Unification |
| Giuseppe Garibaldi let this effort to unify his home country. | Italian Unification |
| One thinker from this city wrote a Socratic dialogue that states, “what benefits the enemy harms you…” | Florence |
| A Republic based in this city was ended after Alessandro the Moor was appointed as the duke of this city. | Florence |
| Giuliano, a member of this city’s ruling family, died as part of an assassination attempt by the Pazzi family. | Florence |
| The Bonfire of the Vanities occurred in this city under the Dominican friar Girolamo Savonarola. | Florence |
| An author from this city criticized its conquest of Pisa in The Prince. | Florence |
| Italian city controlled by the Medici family, the home of Niccolò Machiavelli. | Florence |
| A queen of this name founded the Sorbonne’s College of Navarre. | Joan |
| In an English folk ballad, a “lovely” girl with this name steals a gold ring and a “milk-white steed” from a man who had attempted to seduce her. | Joan |
| A mythical pope with this first name was stoned to death after giving birth during a procession. | Joan |
| Legendarily, a saint with this name was visited by Michael, St. Margaret, and St. Catherine, in her father’s garden. That woman with this first name was captured by the Burgundian faction during the Hundred Years’ War and burned at the stake as a witch. | Joan |
| First name of the French heroine who broke the siege of Orleans. | Joan |
| Roger Fenton depicted this war in a photograph whose title quotes from Psalm 23. | Crimean War |
| During this war, a woman developed a namesake “rose diagram” while working at the Selimiye Barracks. | Crimean War |
| Colin Campbell’s 93rd Sutherland Highlanders became known as the Thin Red Line after repulsing a cavalry charge during a battle in this war in which gunners attacked Malakoff Redoubt. | Crimean War |
| This war’s Siege of Sevastopol included the Battle of Balaclava and the Charge of the Light Brigade. | Crimean War |
| A nurse in this war became known as the “lady with the lamp.” | Crimean War |
| Florence Nightingale served in this war in which the Russian and Ottoman empires fought over a peninsula in the Black Sea. | Crimean War |
| This country captured lands earlier granted to its nobility during the Great Reduction. | Sweden |
| This country’s devastating invasion of Poland was termed the “Deluge.” | Sweden |
| The king of this country was forced to flee to Ottoman territory after losing the decisive Battle of Poltava. | Sweden |
| The third phase of the Thirty Years’ War was named for the intervention of this country and was known as the Pomeranian War. | Sweden |
| During the intervention of this country, one ruler died at the battle of Lutzen. That ruler was known as the “Lion of the North.” | Sweden |
| Charles XII and Gustavus Adolphus ruled this country that signed the Treaty of Stockholm in its capital. | Sweden |
| One general at this battle was promoted to field marshal to dissuade him from surrendering. | Battle of Stalingrad |
| One leader issued Order No. 227 to the defenders at this battle, declaring “Not a step back!” | Battle of Stalingrad |
| This battle saw heavy fighting take place at Pavlov’s House. | Battle of Stalingrad |
| In this battle, Georgy Zhukov and Aleksandr Vasilevsky encircled the Sixth Army, led by Friedrich Paulus, during Operation Uranus. | Battle of Stalingrad |
| This battle thwarted the German advance during Operation Barbarossa. | Battle of Stalingrad |
| Battle fought in the city named for the Soviet dictator during World War II. | Battle of Stalingrad |
| These people were targeted with the term “ruthless cosmopolitan.” | Jews |
| Thirteen of these people were executed at Lubyanka prison during the Night of the Murdered Poets. | Jews |
| The book Stalin’s Last Crime detailed a campaign against some of these people that was started after the death of Andrei Zhdanov. | Jews |
| The Doctor’s Plot targeted these people in Moscow. | Jews |
| These people were targeted in pogroms in Kishinev and Odessa, and they faced violence caused by racist propaganda in The Protocols of the Elders of Zion. | Jews |
| People who were the target of Russian anti-Semitism. | Jews |
| Italian nationalist Gabriel d’Annunzio led an air raid which dropped 400,000 leaflets on this city in 1918. | Vienna |
| Georg Franz Kolschitzky opened the first coffeehouse in this city after finding beans left behind by the attackers in a 1529 siege here. | Vienna |
| This city’s walls were demolished in 1858 to make way for construction of the Ringstrasse. | Vienna |
| A 1683 attack on this city was repelled by a cavalry charge led by John III Sobieski of Poland. | Vienna |
| A namesake congress held at this city reversed Napoleon’s territorial gains. | Vienna |
| This former seat of Habsburg rule is the capital of Austria. | Vienna |
| A companion to this court case was prompted by Reverend Joseph DeLaine’s work on inequality in Clarendon County. | Brown v. Board of Education |
| This case, whose ruling used a precedent set by Sweatt v. Painter, was paired with cases such as Briggs v. Elliott when appealed to the Supreme Court. | Brown v. Board of Education |
| The verdict of this case incorporated evidence from Kenneth and Mamie Clark’s doll experiments. | Brown v. Board of Education |
| This case brought NAACP attorney Thurgood Marshall to national attention and overturned Plessy v. Ferguson’s doctrine of separate but equal. | Brown v. Board of Education |
| This Warren Court case called for the desegregation of schools. | Brown v. Board of Education |
| The President of this nation was criticized after suggesting Christianity and Islam were alien to it, while this country passed legislation that amongst other features imprisoned former Chief Minister Omar Abdullah. | India |
| A state in this country was reorganized into two union territories, including Ladakh, due to the controversial revocation of Article 370. | India |
| In this country’s 2019 general elections, an alliance led by its National Congress party lost heavily to the governing BJP. | India |
| Narendra Modi is Prime Minister of this country, who disputes the Kashmir territory with Pakistan. | India |
| This empire employed cavalry forces called sipahi. | Ottoman Empire |
| This empire was the westernmost of the “Gunpowder Empires” identified by Marshall Hodgson and William McNeill for their use of gun technology. | Ottoman Empire |
| A prominent military unit in this empire was disbanded following the Auspicious Incident by the same ruler who initiated this empire’s Tanzimat reforms. That elite unit in this empire used the devshirme practice to forcibly recruit young Christian boys fr | Ottoman Empire |
| This empire’s ruler Mehmed the Conqueror captured Constantinople in 1453 with his army of Janissaries. | Ottoman Empire |
| Islamic empire centered in modern-day Turkey. | Ottoman Empire |
| This person was sent by Sidney Herbert to organize the Selimiye Barracks in Scutari. | Florence Nightingale |
| This person’s development of a polar area diagram pointed out that many deaths during a war were due to preventable causes. | Florence Nightingale |
| One of the few recordings of this person’s voice was made from her speech in support of the Light Brigade Relief Fund. | Florence Nightingale |
| This woman had a rocky relationship with the Jamaican Mary Seacole, and since 1912 the Red Cross has awarded a medal named for this social reformer. | Florence Nightingale |
| This nurse’s work in the Crimean War led to her being nicknamed the “Lady With the Lamp.” | Florence Nightingale |
| One member of this family served as Lincoln’s Minister to the United Kingdom and ran as the vice presidential nominee for the Free Soil Party in 1848. | Adams family |
| One member of this family collapsed and died after yelling “No!” to oppose a measure on the House floor. | Adams family |
| One member of this family had served as the first US Minister to Russia and was an opponent of the “gag” rule. | Adams family |
| This was the family of a man who faced the Quasi War and signed the Alien and Sedition Acts as president, and who was told to “remember the ladies” by his wife Abigail. | Adams family |
| A family of father and son presidents John and John Quincy. | Adams family |
| This leader violently suppressed the 228 Incident, marking the beginning of an era of political repression called the White Terror. | Chiang Kai-Shek |
| The ultranationalist Blue Shirts Society supported this leader’s New Life Movement, which was partially initiated by his Christian wife Soong Mei-Ling. | Chiang Kai-Shek |
| This leader carried out the Northern Expedition but was kidnapped in the Xi’an incident, which forced him to agree to a united front against Japanese invasion. | Chiang Kai-Shek |
| This successor to Sun Yat-Sen fled to Taiwan after being defeated by Communist forces. | Chiang Kai-Shek |
| This leader of the Kuomintang was defeated by Mao Zedong in the Chinese Civil War. | Chiang Kai-Shek |
| One side in this war massacred thousands of civilians in Paracuellos and carried out the “Execution” of the Sacred Heart of Jesus. | Spanish Civil War |
| This war was preceded by a violent miners’ strike in its country’s northwest. | Spanish Civil War |
| Robert Capa captured a photograph of a Falling Soldier during this war, in which Emilio Mola coined the term “fifth column.” | Spanish Civil War |
| In this war, republican forces under Manuel Azaña were aided by international forces such as the Abraham Lincoln Brigade. | Spanish Civil War |
| The bombing of a Basque town by a Nazi squadron during this war inspired Pablo Picasso’s painting Guernica. | Spanish Civil War |
| This conflict was won by Francisco Franco in its namesake country. | Spanish Civil War |
| In one election, this man defeated Mangosuthu Buthelez, a leader from a group that perpetrated the Boipatong Massacre, the Inkatha Freedom Party. | Nelson Mandela |
| This man, who established a law firm with Oliver Tambo, was captured with Walter Sisulu at Liliesleaf Farm, and he co-founded the militant group Umkhonto we Sizwe, meaning “Spear of the Nation.” | Nelson Mandela |
| This leader gave the “I am prepared to die” speech before being sentenced in the Rivonia Trial, and he shared a Nobel Peace Prize with his predecessor, F. W. de Klerk. | Nelson Mandela |
| This leader of the ANC was imprisoned on Robben Island for fighting against apartheid in South Africa. | Nelson Mandela |
| The Pittsburgh Agreement saw expatriates from this country push for its independence. | Czechoslovakia |
| Human rights in this country were promoted by Charter 77, after an earlier politician in this country attempted to promote “socialism with a human face.” | Czechoslovakia |
| A student in this country set himself on fire in its capital city a year after Soviet troops invaded that city to stop the reformist efforts of Alexander Dubček. | Czechoslovakia |
| This country’s Communist government fell during the Velvet Revolution, and the Velvet Divorce dissolved this country by creating a new nation with capital at Bratislava. | Czechoslovakia |
| Former country in Eastern Europe with capital at Prague. | Czechoslovakia |
| John Sirica became more involved in this event after receiving a letter from James McCord. | Watergate Scandal |
| Ben Bradlee supported two figures involved in publicizing this event, who also consulted with a deputy FBI director. | Watergate Scandal |
| As part of this larger event, William Ruckelshaus and Elliot Richardson resigned rather than fire Archibald Cox in the Saturday Night Massacre. | Watergate Scandal |
| Washington Post journalists Woodward and Bernstein investigated a crime organized by CREEP that began this scandal, which led to Gerald Ford becoming President. | Watergate Scandal |
| Scandal involving the burglary of the DNC headquarters, which led to the resignation of President Richard Nixon. | Watergate Scandal |
| This empire utilised wayside stations known as tambos and had familial structures known as ayllus. | Inca Empire |
| This empire’s administrative subdivisions included suyus and wamani, and its southern expansion was halted at the Battle of the Maule. | Inca Empire |
| This empire acquired coastal territory after its conquest of the Chimu Kingdom, and a successor state to this empire was led by Tupac Amaru. | Inca Empire |
| Hiram Bingham discovered a site in this empire constructed by its emperor Pachacuti. | Inca Empire |
| After the Battle of Cajamarca, a room of gold was demanded by Francisco Pizarro from this empire’s final ruler, Atahualpa. | Inca Empire |
| This South American empire ia ruled from Cusco. | Inca Empire |
| The Huks were one group in this country that opposed its Japanese occupation. | Philippines |
| The Katipunan was a revolutionary organization in this country. | Philippines |
| Pope John Paul II refused to stay in this country’s Coconut Palace due to the endemic poverty of its people. | Philippines |
| Manuel Quezon was the first president of this Asian country, where the People Power Revolution overthrew one leader. | Philippines |
| Thousands of Moro Muslims in this country were killed by a dictator who was succeeded by Corazon Aquino. | Philippines |
| The shoe-loving Imelda was married to that dictator of this country, Ferdinand Marcos. | Philippines |
| This Southeast Asian island country is a former Spanish colony. | Philippines |
| This state is home to the only two congressional districts that flipped from Democrat to Republican in 2018 without redistricting. | Minnesota |
| This state is home to a representative who controversially claimed that “It’s all about the Benjamins, baby.” | Minnesota |
| A 2018 election in this state saw former Governor Tim Pawlenty lose a primary to succeed Mark Dayton. | Minnesota |
| Tweets from a representative from this state about AIPAC were seen as perpetuating an anti-Semitic trope, and a 2020 presidential candidate from this state garnered controversy for her treatment of her Senate staff. | Minnesota |
| This state’s members of Congress include Ilhan Omar and Amy Klobuchar. | Minnesota |
| A complication in the passage of this legislation featured the resignation of Governor John Quitman for aiding Narciso Lopez’s efforts to liberate Cuba. | Compromise of 1850 |
| During debate over this legislation, Henry Foote pulled a pistol on Thomas Hart Benton. | Compromise of 1850 |
| The Seventh of March Speech by Daniel Webster supported this legislation, and one of its components upheld so-called “Bloodhound Laws.” | Compromise of 1850 |
| This legislation simultaneously strengthened the Fugitive Slave Act and allowed California to enter as a free state. | Compromise of 1850 |
| This legislation devised by Stephen Douglas and Henry Clay only managed to avoid Civil War for a decade. | Compromise of 1850 |
| A storm surge on this body of water in 1304 killed nearly 300 people in the All Saints’ Day Flood. | Baltic Sea |
| The MV Wilhelm Gustoff was sunk in this body of water, resulting in the largest maritime disaster in history. | Baltic Sea |
| An order of pirates known as the Victual Brothers constantly opposed a military alliance of cities on this body of water. | Baltic Sea |
| The Livonian Brothers of the sword established a crusader state at the eastern end of this sea. | Baltic Sea |
| In 1920, Poland gained access to this sea via a corridor that separated East Prussia from the rest of Germany. | Baltic Sea |
| Northern European body of water, whose trade was dominated by the Hanseatic League. | Baltic Sea |
| Despite being jailed at the time, this leader successfully prevented the creation of separate electorates for different classes in the Poona Pact. | Mahatma Gandhi |
| This leader established the Tolstoy Farm and negotiated a pact with Lord Irwin. | Mahatma Gandhi |
| This leader organized the non-cooperation movement after the Amritsar Massacre. | Mahatma Gandhi |
| Margaret Bourke-White took an iconic photograph of this leader at his spinning wheel. | Mahatma Gandhi |
| This leader led thousands to the coastal village of Dandi in the 1930 Salt March as part of his nonviolent principle of satyagraha against British rule. | Mahatma Gandhi |
| Primary leader of the Indian independence movement and “Father of India.” | Mahatma Gandhi |
| During this war, the French Count of Eu led veteran troops to victory against mostly underage soldiers in beards at the Battle of Acosta Nu. | War of the Triple Alliance |
| One side’s strategy of ramming led to a major naval victory at the Battle of Riachuelo in this war. | War of the Triple Alliance |
| The leader of one side in this war was killed during the Battle of Cerro Cora. | War of the Triple Alliance |
| The Duke of Caxias led the military of a country whose province of Mato Grosso was invaded at the start of this war. | War of the Triple Alliance |
| This war saw the defeated country lose 70% of its male population, including its president, Francisco Solano Lopez. | War of the Triple Alliance |
| War that saw a coalition of Brazil, Argentina, and Uruguay defeat Paraguay. | War of the Triple Alliance |
| In a trial after one of these events, Max Steuer suggested Kate Alterman had merely memorized her testimony. | fires |
| One of these events, which began at De Koven Street, occurred on the same day as a more deadly one of these events in Peshtigo. | fires |
| An unlikely one of these events that inspired the creation of the EPA occurred due to the overwhelming pollution of the Cuyahoga River. | fires |
| Dolley Madison saved a portrait of George Washington from the destruction caused by one of these events. | fires |
| Destructive events, such as a “Great” Chicago one allegedly caused by Mrs. O’Leary’s cow, and one caused by the British attack on Washington, DC. | fires |
| Many prototypes for these machines were built by William Foster & Company. | tanks |
| Units which utilized these machines first fought each other at the Second Battle of Villers-Bretonneux. | tanks |
| During the siege of Leningrad, an especially heavy variant of these vehicles, known as (*) “Tigers,” became stuck in muddy ground on their very first mission. | tanks |
| Renault developed the first of these vehicles with a rotating turret. | tanks |
| In the largest engagement featuring these combat vehicles, the Battle of Kursk, Red Army T-34s faced off against German Panzers. | tanks |
| Heavily armored combat vehicles, which drive on namesake “treads.” | tanks |
| These people fought against Duncan Cameron, whose forces were defeated in battle by followers of these people’s King Movement. | Maori |
| George Grey led the Hutt Valley Campaign against these people | Maori |
| After one leader of these people brought down a Union Jack, these people fought the Flagstaff War. | Maori |
| These people, who established hillforts known as pa, fought amongst themselves during the Musket Wars. | Maori |
| William Hobson convinced many chiefs of these people to accept British rule with the Treaty of Waitangi. | Maori |
| Indigenous people of New Zealand. | Maori |
| The Family Pacts were a set of agreements between various branches of this dynasty. | Bourbon Dynasty |
| Francois Ravaillac assassinated a ruler from this dynasty, which was supported by the Legitimists. | Bourbon Dynasty |
| The Hundred Days was a brief interruption of this dynasty’s namesake “restoration,” and this dynasty gained power in Spain under Philip V. | Bourbon Dynasty |
| One ruler from this dynasty revoked the Edict of Nantes, ending toleration of Protestants. | Bourbon Dynasty |
| Henry IV was the first king from this dynasty, whose later rulers built the Palace of Versailles and were killed during the French Revolution. | Bourbon Dynasty |
| Louis XIV and Louis XVI were from this French royal dynasty. | Bourbon Dynasty |
| This court case was rebuked by a man who criticized the decision by saying “you seem to consider judges the ultimate arbiter of all constitutional questions.” | Marbury v. Madison |
| This case was decided a week before the related Stuart v. Laird, which focused on a law that would have led to the plaintiff of this case being named as Justice of the Peace. | Marbury v. Madison |
| The plaintiff of this case wanted a writ of mandamus to be issued so he could receive his commission as a “Midnight Judge.” | Marbury v. Madison |
| This case overturned an earlier Judiciary Act, the first US law to be overturned. In this case’s decision, John Marshall declared the existence of judicial review. | Marbury v. Madison |
| Landmark 1803 Supreme Court case, argued by the future fourth president. | Marbury v. Madison |
| In the prelude to this battle, enemy troops fired on the reconnaissance submarine USS Blessman, killing one diver. | Battle of Iwo Jima |
| Towards the end of this battle, American marines struggled to take control of a gap between two hills known as the “meatgrinder.” | Battle of Iwo Jima |
| During this battle, Tadamichi Kuribayashi prohibited banzai charges and instead created a system of tunnels inspired by his tactics at the Battle of Peleliu. | Battle of Iwo Jima |
| Joe Rosenthal photographed an incident on Mount Suribachi during this battle. | Battle of Iwo Jima |
| This battle in the Pacific theater of World War II, where soldiers raised an American flag in an iconic photograph on its namesake Japanese island. | Battle of Iwo Jima |
| A member of this group who was denounced in the Chicago Tribune article “No Quarter for Wild Beasts” was later killed in a raid alongside Mark Clark. | Black Panthers |
| In response to this group, Governor Ronald Reagan signed the Mulford Act, which disallowed the public carrying of firearms. | Black Panthers |
| This group, whose members included Fred Hampton, was led by a man arrested for shooting police officer John Frey. | Black Panthers |
| This group began its program of Free Breakfast for Children in Oakland, where this organization was founded. | Black Panthers |
| Activist group established by Bobby Seale and Huey Newton to advocate for black power. | Black Panthers |
| This colony’s Royal Charter uniquely allowed its citizens to elect their own governor, the first of whom was a non-traitorous Benedict Arnold. | Rhode Island |
| A native group of this colony had its language chronicled in A Key to the Language of America by this colony’s founder, and that group would later lose at the Great Swamp Fight in this state. | Rhode Island |
| The Portsmouth Compact for a location in this colony was set up by people who were exiled from another colony due to the Antinomian Controversy. | Rhode Island |
| Religious dissenters such as Anne Hutchinson moved to this home of the Narragansett. | Rhode Island |
| New England colony, where Roger Williams founded Providence Plantations. | Rhode Island |
| Protestors against this country’s monarch alleged that its secret police carried out the Cinema Rex fire, killing 420 civilians. | Iran |
| The SAVAK secret police operated in this country, whose monarch launched the reform-minded White Revolution a decade after Operation Ajax overthrew this country’s prime minister Mohammed Mossadegh. | Iran |
| After this country’s former monarch Mohammed Reza Pahlavi was allowed into the U.S. for medical treatment, students in this country took 52 Americans hostage for 444 days. | Iran |
| This country became an Islamic republic under Ayatollah Khomeini in 1979. | Iran |
| In the aftermath of one of these events in 2017, the plight of a girl named Frida Sofia was determined to be a hoax, prompting outrage at the Mexican government. | earthquakes |
| One of these events on the island of Luzon in April 2019 caused the destruction of a supermarket. | earthquakes |
| After failing to warn people about two of these events in July 2019 near Ridgecrest, the tolerances of a publicly-funded phone app were lowered by the City of Los Angeles. | earthquakes |
| A massive one of these events is predicted to occur in California before 2045 due to the San Andreas fault. | earthquakes |
| These natural disasters that cause the ground to shift. | earthquakes |
| This man received the town of Sines from the king as a reward for his most notable accomplishment. | Vasco da Gama |
| This man cut off the lips and stitched dog ears on the head of a priest who was sent to speak with him concerning the expulsion of Muslims from a certain city. | Vasco da Gama |
| On his second voyage, this man burned a ship carrying hundreds of Arab pilgrims despite them offering to give him all the valuables on board. | Vasco da Gama |
| Upon arriving in Malindi, this man and his crew were aided by a navigator who used his knowledge of the monsoon winds to guide them to Calicut. | Vasco da Gama |
| Portuguese explorer who became the first European to reach India by sea. | Vasco da Gama |
| This country gained its easternmost region in the 1963 New York Agreement. | Indonesia |
| Mass violence following the 30th of September movement in this country led to the New Order Administration taking control. | Indonesia |
| The founding principles for the Non-Aligned Movement were established at the Bandung Conference, which was hosted in this country. | Indonesia |
| This country’s first president ruled the country under Guided Democracy and was overthrown by his general Suharto. | Indonesia |
| Mohammad Hatta and Sukarno fought for the independence of this country from the Netherlands after World War II. | Indonesia |
| Asian nation whose thousands of islands include Sumatra and Java. | Indonesia |
| These people were defeated in the Battle of Ad Decimum by Belisarius, who was sent to fight these people after the overthrow of their king Hilderic. | Vandals |
| These people’s tribes included the Hasdingi and Salingi, and a half-Roman one of these people named Stilicho served as regent for Emperor Honorius. | Vandals |
| Gelimer was the final ruler of these people, whose most notable action began following the overthrow of Valentinian III by Petronius Maximus. | Vandals |
| Genseric founded these people’s kingdom and led them in a 455 C.E. sack of Rome. | Vandals |
| These people’s name has become synonymous with those who damage and deface property. | Vandals |
| This saint’s vision of a man named Victoricus is recorded in his Confessio, which names his father as Calpornius. | Saint Patrick |
| Folk tradition holds that this saint learned about monasticism while being held captive in France. | Saint Patrick |
| As a youth, this saint was taken captive by pirates and enslaved for six years. | Saint Patrick |
| Though he’s thought to have lived in the fifth century, this saint’s date of death is given as 657 by the Annals of Ulster. | Saint Patrick |
| Tampa, Chicago, and San Antonio all dye their rivers to celebrate a holiday named after this saint. | Saint Patrick |
| Saint who drove the snakes out of Ireland and is the namesake of a green holiday celebrated on March 17th. | Saint Patrick |
| Spanish forces won a decisive victory in this war at the Battle of Nordlingen under the leadership of the future emperor Ferdinand III. | Thirty Years’ War |
| One monarch in this war was killed at the Battle of Lutzen after leading his country’s forces to victory at the Battle of Breitenfeld during the Swedish phase of this war. | Thirty Years’ War |
| Albrecht von Wallenstein and Gustavus Adolphus were prominent commanders in this war, which saw the Count of Tilly win an early victory at the Battle of White Mountain against Bohemian Protestants. | Thirty Years’ War |
| The Peace of Westphalia ended, this war fought between 1618 and 1648 by Catholic and Protestant states in Europe. | Thirty Years’ War |
| Under this president, Joseph Swing organized mass deportations of undocumented Mexican immigrants. | Dwight D. Eisenhower |
| This president promoted positive uses of nuclear energy with his “Atoms for Peace” program, but stockpiled nuclear weapons with a policy of “brinkmanship” formulated by this President’s Secretary of State. | Dwight D. Eisenhower |
| This president’s admiration for the autobahn led to the development of the Interstate Highway System, and he warned against the influence of the military-industrial complex in his Farewell Address. | Dwight D. Eisenhower |
| The 34th President, who previously served as Supreme Allied Commander during World War II. | Dwight D. Eisenhower |
| Paul Bogle led the Morant Bay Rebellion against colonial rule on this island. | Jamaica |
| Henry Morgan served as lieutenant governor of this island, where former slaves in this country, led by Cudjoe and Nanny, fought against colonial rule during its Maroon Wars. | Jamaica |
| Simon Bolivar advocated for a united Latin America in a letter from this island, where he was exiled to in 1815. | Jamaica |
| After this formerly Spanish island was captured by England in 1655, it was used as a hideout for many pirates at its city of Port Royal. | Jamaica |
| Formerly British colony in the Caribbean, which is now an independent country with capital at Kingston. | Jamaica |
| This polity’s leader Eucleidas was killed at the Battle of Sellasia. | Sparta |
| This polity was governed by a council of elders called the gerousia. | Sparta |
| The Agiad and Eurypontid Dynasties provided this polity’s kings. | Sparta |
| The Great Rhetra was the constitution of this city-state written by Lycurgus, who also established its agoge educational system. | Sparta |
| Lysander and Pausanias were military officers from this city-state. | Sparta |
| The helots were a class of slaves in this city-state, whose king Leonidas was killed, along with 300 soldiers from it, at the Battle of Thermopylae. | Sparta |
| Militaristic Greek city-state. | Sparta |
| In an attempt to halve the royal debt, this king demanded a 249,000-pound dowry for a marriage between his son and the French princess Christine. | James I of England |
| This king’s religious views were attacked by the Millenary Petition, and he dissolved the Addled Parliament after nine weeks. | James I of England |
| This monarch commissioned John Norton and Robert Barker to create an Authorized Version of the Bible. | James I of England |
| This king was nearly blown up in the House of Lords in a conspiracy led by Robert Catesby | that conspiracy was the Gunpowder Plot. |
| Son of Mary, Queen of Scots, the first English monarch from the House of Stuart, who succeeded Elizabeth I. | James I of England |
| This war’s declaration was sparked by the capture of William J. Hardee and Seth Thornton in an ambush south of the Nueces River. | Mexican-America War |
| A more lenient than expected treaty signed after this war led to the firing of diplomat Nicholas Trist. | Mexican-America War |
| One side in this war was aided by the deserting Saint Patrick’s Battalion. | Mexican-America War |
| A young Abraham Lincoln gave the Spots Resolution in opposition to this war, in which Winfield Scott and Zachary Taylor won battles at Veracruz and Buena Vista. | Mexican-America War |
| This war’s Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo ceded territories such as California and Nevada to James Polk’s nation from its southern neighbor. | Mexican-America War |
| This person and Guadalupe Victoria formulated the Plan of Casa Mata to overthrow Emperor Agustín de Iturbide. | Antonio Lopez de Santa Anna |
| This leader fled to Cuba after Ignacio Comonfort overthrew him with the Plan of Ayutla. | Antonio Lopez de Santa Anna |
| While fighting a French blockade of his country’s ports in the Pastry War, this leader gave a military burial to his amputated leg. | Antonio Lopez de Santa Anna |
| This leader was forced to sign the Treaties of Velasco while being held captive after the Battle of San Jacinto, which followed an engagement in which this leader’s troops massacred the defenders of a San Antonio mission. | Antonio Lopez de Santa Anna |
| Mexican president and general, who fought the Texans at the Battle of the Alamo. | Antonio Lopez de Santa Anna |
| Historian Edmund S. Morgan connected this event to the transition into race-based slavery in the colony it affected. | Bacon’s Rebellion |
| Future pirate Thomas Larimore commanded a navy to help put down this event, which targeted the Occaneechi and Pamunkey. | Bacon’s Rebellion |
| A refusal to retaliate after a raid on Thomas Matthew’s plantation by the Doeg people helped spark this event. | Bacon’s Rebellion |
| John Ingram took the leadership of this event after its namesake died of dysentery. | Bacon’s Rebellion |
| During this event, the “Declaration of the People” was issued to criticize the actions of Governor William Berkeley. | Bacon’s Rebellion |
| 1676 Virginia rebellion, which saw the burning of Jamestown. | Bacon’s Rebellion |
| The Battle of Falmagne occurred during a revolution in this modern-day country led by the Vonckists and Statists. | Belgium |
| A plan by Talleyrand to partition this country was rejected in the 1830 London Conference, which acknowledged this nation’s independence. | Belgium |
| A revolution in this nation was sparked during a special performance of the opera The Mute Girl of Portici. | Belgium |
| It is not Switzerland, but this nation’s independence was guaranteed on the condition of its neutrality, which Germany violated by invading it during World War I. | Belgium |
| European Low Country which gained independence from its northern neighbor, the Netherlands. | Belgium |
| This leader told the Committee for the State of Emergency “do what you want, but report my opinion” when they imprisoned him in his vacation home during the August Coup. | Mikhail Gorbachev |
| Protesters against this leader formed a 417-mile human chain through the Baltic States during his rule. | Mikhail Gorbachev |
| This leader, who described his diplomacy with the “Sinatra Doctrine,” appointed Eduard Shevardnadze as his Minister of Foreign Affairs and succeeded Constantin Chernenko. | Mikhail Gorbachev |
| This man implemented the policies of perestroika and glasnost in an attempt to liberalize his country. | Mikhail Gorbachev |
| Last general secretary of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union. | Mikhail Gorbachev |
| Nicholas M. Butler replaced the running mate of a losing ticket in this election after that running mate passed away. | Election of 1912 |
| The firing of Gifford Pinchot by this election’s incumbent may have indirectly led to their defeat during this election year. | Election of 1912 |
| After John Schrank failed in an attempt to assassinate one candidate in this election, that candidate claimed he was as fit as a “bull moose.” | Election of 1912 |
| In this election, the Republican president lost their reelection bid when their predecessor drew votes away by running with the Progressive Party. | Election of 1912 |
| Election where William Howard Taft and Theodore Roosevelt lost to Woodrow Wilson. | Election of 1912 |
| Antoine Parmentier promoted this commodity in France, where he surrounded it with guards only to let it be stolen at night. | potatoes |
| This commodity’s production was encouraged by Frederick the Great, who fought a war of succession with Joseph II of Austria named for this commodity. | potatoes |
| This crop is used to produce chuño in the Andes, where this crop originated. | potatoes |
| The policy of “Souperism” targeted people affected by a chronic shortage of the “Lumper” variety of this crop. That shortage of this crop occurred due to a blight infestation, resulting in millions dying or fleeing a European island country. | potatoes |
| An 1840s Irish famine was caused by a lack of this tuber crop. | potatoes |
| The losing side in this battle arguably crossed two Ts simultaneously and included the most heavily armed ship of the line, the Santísima Trinidad. | Battle of Trafalgar |
| During this battle, the Santa Ana dueled a ship that led one side’s leeward column, the Royal Sovereign. | Battle of Trafalgar |
| The flagship of one side in this battle, the Bucentaure, was captured along with its commander, Pierre-Charles Villeneuve. | Battle of Trafalgar |
| Before this battle, the winning side’s commander signaled “England expects that every man will do his duty.” That man was killed aboard the Victory during this battle. | Battle of Trafalgar |
| 1805 naval battle where the Franco-Spanish fleet of Napoleon was defeated by the forces of Horatio Nelson. | Battle of Trafalgar |
| In this state, Senator Ralph Yarborough’s opposition to the Southern Manifesto led to him being primaried by a future Secretary of the Treasury. | Texas |
| This home state of Lloyd Bentsen was once governed by the leader of the Democrats for Nixon Movement. | Texas |
| One politician from this state attacked an opponent’s tax policies as “voodoo economics.” | Texas |
| This state is the home of the only CIA director to be elected President, and was the site of an event at Dealey Plaza, where governor John Connally was wounded. | Texas |
| Home state of George H.W. Bush, where Lee Harvey Oswald assassinated John F. Kennedy in its city of Dallas. | Texas |
| The tanegashima was a Japanese variant of this commodity popular during the Sengoku period. | guns |
| Samuel Walker ordered 1,000 of these commodities and co-names one variant of them. | guns |
| The usage of beef and pork fat to grease the insides of the Enfield variety of this commodity triggered the Indian Rebellion of 1857. | guns |
| One version of this commodity was said to have “won the West,” while Eli Whitney manufactured these goods using interchangeable parts. | guns |
| Samuel Colt mass produced these weapons in the nineteenth century. | guns |
| These weapons fire bullets. | guns |
| In this country, Usman dan Fodio established the Sokoto Caliphate during the Fulani War. | Nigeria |
| The term “coup from heaven” was used to refer to the sudden death of this country’s dictator Sani Abacha. | Nigeria |
| Emeka Ojukwu led a breakaway state in this country, where officials executed nine Royal Dutch Shell protestors, including environmentalist Ken Saro-Wiwa. | Nigeria |
| This country fought a civil war with the Igbo state of Biafra, located in an oil-rich river delta in this country. | Nigeria |
| This country’s first conceded election came in 2014, when Goodluck Jonathan was succeeded by Muhammadu Buhari. | Nigeria |
| Most populous West African country. | Nigeria |
| This country’s leader Hussein Dey slapped an ambassador with his fly swatter when he refused to pay off a 27-year-old debt. | Algeria |
| In 1961, Maurice Papon ordered a massacre of protesters in this country at the Pont Saint-Michel. | Algeria |
| The OAS pressured a European country to continue fighting a war against insurgents in this country. That war was eventually won by a group led by Ahmed Ben Bella, causing pied-noirs to flee this country. | Algeria |
| Charles de Gaulle signed the Evian Accords, which granted this country independence, with its dominant political party, the FLN. | Algeria |
| North African country with capital at Algiers. | Algeria |
| This empire’s namesake “polish” was employed on sculptures such as those at the Barabar Caves. | Mauryan Empire |
| A ruler of this empire killed 99 of his brothers to seize the throne. | |
| A ruler of this empire was visited by the Greek diplomat Megasthenes. | Mauryan Empire |
| A monarch from this empire abandoned violence following the devastation of the Kalinga War, as proclaimed on several rock edicts. | Mauryan Empire |
| Chanakya served as an advisor to this empire’s founder, whose grandson converted to Buddhism and promoted its spread. | Mauryan Empire |
| An ancient empire centered at Pataliputra, which united most of the Indian subcontinent under rulers such as Chandragupta and Ashoka. | Mauryan Empire |
| This nation lost American support and gained Soviet support during a war that began with an invasion by its eastern neighbor and led to the downfall of Mengistu Haile Mariam’s government. | Ethiopia |
| This country’s final monarch appealed to the League of Nations after it was invaded by a European power that this nation had earlier defeated at the Battle of Adwa under Menelik II. | Ethiopia |
| The Derg regime governed this country after the fall of its Solomonic Dynasty. | Ethiopia |
| In 1936, this country was invaded by Benito Mussolini’s Italy, forcing its monarch Haile Selassie into exile. | Ethiopia |
| African country with capital at Addis Ababa. | Ethiopia |
| This person lends their name to an exceptionary clause in one state’s Racial Integrity Act of 1924 permitting interracial marriage. | Pocahontas |
| Henry Spelman served as an interpreter when Captain Samuel Argall abducted this figure. | Pocahontas |
| This figure’s most notable action took place in the village of Werowocomoco. | Pocahontas |
| Alexander Whitaker converted this figure to Christianity, after which she took the name Rebecca. | Pocahontas |
| This figure was married to the man who first successfully cultivated tobacco in Jamestown, John Rolfe. | Pocahontas |
| This daughter of Powhatan allegedly saved John Smith’s life as a young girl. | Pocahontas |
| In this country, the 19th of April Movement formed after the possibly fraudulent election of Misael Pastrana as president. | Columbia |
| The loser in that election gained control of this nation via a peaceful coup d’etat supported by the Liberals and Conservatives. | Columbia |
| The assassination of Jorge Eliecer Gaitan led this country into a period of unrest known as La Violencia. | Columbia |
| In this country, public figures were attacked by the Medellin Cartel, whose founders included the notorious drug-lord Pablo Escobar. | Columbia |
| South American country whose attempts to cease violence included a 2016 peace deal with FARC. | Columbia |
| One siege during this conflict supposedly saw the creation of a claw that could pull ships out of water and a heat ray, though the engineer responsible for them was killed after the siege ended. | Second Punic War |
| Marcus Minucius Rufus opposed the guerrilla tactics employed by Quintus Fabius Maximus during this war. | Second Punic War |
| This war began with an attack on the city of Saguntum, and its eventual victors suffered terrible defeats at Trebia and Lake Trasimene. | Second Punic War |
| This war ended after Scipio Africanus won the Battle of Zama over a general who had earlier marched an army across the Alps into Italy. | Second Punic War |
| War in which Hannibal led Carthaginian troops against Rome. | Second Punic War |
| A president of this country had all the black dogs in this nation murdered after claiming his former ally Clement Barbot had turned into one. | Haiti |
| Bill Clinton sent troops to overthrow one leader of this country in Operation Uphold Democracy. | Haiti |
| A leader of this country who employed the Tonton Macoute secret police rose to power from his former occupation as a physician. | Haiti |
| “Papa Doc” Duvalier led this country, whose presidential palace collapsed in a recent disaster that displaced a tenth of its population and sparked a humanitarian crisis. | Haiti |
| Caribbean country devastated by a 2010 earthquake. | Haiti |
| Rufus Ingalls helped negotiate a failed plan by this president to annex the territory of Santo Domingo. | Ulysses S. Grant |
| During this man’s presidency, his brother-in-law Abel Corbin schemed with Jay Gould and James Fisk to corner the gold market. | Ulysses S. Grant |
| Secretary of Treasury Benjamin Bristow helped break one scandal during this man’s presidency, which led to the indictment of Orville Babcock. | Ulysses S. Grant |
| This man’s Vice President, Schuyler Colfax, departed after another scandal. | Ulysses S. Grant |
| This president faced both the Credit Mobilier and Whiskey Ring scandals in office. | Ulysses S. Grant |
| The 18th president, who earlier commanded Union troops in the Civil War. | Ulysses S. Grant |
| Following one revolt in this city, a group called the Eight of Santa Maria Novella feuded with Michele de Lando. | Florence |
| The French king Charles VIII was prophesied to invade this city by a Dominican friar who established democracy after the overthrow of this city’s ruling family. | Florence |
| Textile workers revolted against this city’s nobles in the Revolt of the Ciompi. | Florence |
| In this city, hundreds of books were burned at the order of Girolamo Savonarola in the Bonfire of the Vanities held outside its town hall, the Palazzo Vecchio. | Florence |
| City in northern Italy once ruled as a republic by the Medici family. | Florence |
| A holder of this position engendered controversy following the Regensburg lecture. | Pope |
| A holder of this position condemned Nazi ideology in a work titled Mit brennender Sorge. | Pope |
| A later holder of this position was nearly assassinated by a member of the Gray Wolves, Mehmet Ali Ağca. | Pope |
| This position gained authority over an independent country with the Lateran Treaty signed with Mussolini. | Pope |
| Following the resignation of Joseph Ratzinger in 2013, Jorge Bergoglio became the first holder of this position from the Southern Hemisphere. | Pope |
| This position was formerly held in the Vatican City by John Paul II, the head of the Catholic Church. | Pope |
| This king and Malcolm III signed the Treaty of Abernathy, which declared Scotland as a fief to his kingdom. | William the Conqueror |
| This husband of Matilda of Flanders destroyed much of Yorkshire in a campaign against Edgar Atheling, and began another campaign with a landing at Pevensey. | William the Conqueror |
| Lands destroyed by this king’s Harrying of the North appear in the survey of properties this king compiled into his Domesday Book. | William the Conqueror |
| This king defeated a force of housecarls in the last battle of a campaign that began after the death of Edward the Confessor. | William the Conqueror |
| This Norman defeated Harold Godwinson at the Battle of Hastings to take the English throne in 1066. | William the Conqueror |
| These people are the subject of the exiled singer Şivan Perwer’s song “Who are we?” | Kurds |
| These people are served by the Asayish intelligence agency and a military group meaning “Those who face death.” | Kurds |
| A political party led by this ethnicity dominates the government of Rojava. | Kurds |
| Recep Tayyip Erdogan claimed that “even” these people are human, despite the fact that these people’s Workers Party is seen as a terrorist organization in Turkey. | Kurds |
| These people’s Peshmerga army has been utilized by coalition forces in the war against the Islamic State. | Kurds |
| An ethnic minority who seek to form a nation in Iraq and Syria. | Kurds |
| As punishment for not aiding him sufficiently, this ruler attacked Rim-Sin I and conquered Larsa. | Hammurabi |
| This predecessor of Shamshuiluna successfully defeated a combined force of Ashur, Eshnunna, and Elam. | Hammurabi |
| Gustave Jéquier found a significant artifact from this ruler’s reign, an index-finger shaped stone, at Susa. | Hammurabi |
| This ruler ascended to power following the abdication of Sin-Muballit, and employed the principle of Lex Talionis in a text written on a black stele. | Hammurabi |
| That stele from this Amorite king’s reign is most famous for containing such punishments as “an eye for an eye.” A Babylonian king famous for his harsh law code. | Hammurabi |
| The Uva rebellion broke out in this country against colonial rule. | Sri Lanka |
| This modern-day country was known to Arab and Persian traders as Serendib, and the ancient king Kassapa constructed the Sigiriya rock fortress in this country. | Sri Lanka |
| The Portuguese presence in this modern-day country was eliminated by a Dutch-allied kingdom known as Kandy. | Sri Lanka |
| The Anuradhapura kingdom was located in this modern-day country, where the Tamil Tigers waged a civil war against the majority-Buddhist Sinhala population. | Sri Lanka |
| A small island country located near the southern tip of India. | Sri Lanka |
| When this war’s winning side sent a message to the leader of a neighboring country asking for peace, that leader stated “the die has already been cast” and launched 6,000 shells at the winning side’s capital. | Six-Day War |
| The USS Liberty was accidentally attacked during this war, spawning numerous conspiracy theories. | Six-Day War |
| This war began with the airstrike Operation Focus after the losing side closed the Straits of Tiran. | Six-Day War |
| The winning side in this war invaded and occupied the Golan Heights, the Sinai Peninsula and the West Bank. | Six-Day War |
| 1967 conflict between Israel and its Arab neighbors, that lasted less than one week. | Six-Day War |
| This politician’s erroneous claim that Iranian detainee Nazanin Zaghari-Ratcliffe had been “teaching people journalism” was used as evidence to try to double her sentence. | Boris Johnson |
| Andrew Patrick intervened to inform this politician that the Shwedagon Pagoda was an inappropriate venue to recite Kipling’s “The Road to Mandalay.” | Boris Johnson |
| This politician’s supporters were accused of vote-rigging to eliminate Michael Gove in a recent election. | Boris Johnson |
| This politician controversially moved to prorogue parliament after succeeding Theresa May to set his government’s Brexit agenda. | Boris Johnson |
| Former mayor of London and British Prime Minister during 2019. | Boris Johnson |
| During one war, this man suggested dropping a belt of radioactive cobalt to hinder the enemy’s supply routes. | Douglas MacArthur |
| He’s not Patton, but this man was met with jeers of “Shame! Shame!” after he ordered troops to clear the encampments of the Bonus Army. | Douglas MacArthur |
| The Prime Minister of Japan convinced this man to add an article renouncing war to the Japanese constitution. | Douglas MacArthur |
| This general was replaced by Matthew Ridgeway after he was fired by Truman during the Korean War. | Douglas MacArthur |
| After being forced to evacuate from the Philippines to Australia, this man declared “I shall return.” | Douglas MacArthur |
| American general who defeated Japan in the Pacific theater of World War II. | Douglas MacArthur |
| In February 2019, the U.S. government controversially approved 810 authorizations to share nuclear power secrets with this country. | Saudi Arabia |
| Senator Bob Corker authored an open letter to Donald Trump urging investigations into an October 2018 event in this country’s Istanbul consulate. That event, which was allegedly carried out with a vat of acid and a bone saw, was the killing of a Washingto | Saudi Arabia |
| Allegedly, Khashoggi’s killing was ordered by this country’s Crown Prince, Mohammad bin Salman. | Saudi Arabia |
| This Middle Eastern country is ruled by King Salman of the House of Saud. | Saudi Arabia |
| This president signed an executive order targeting queer government workers in the “Lavender Scare.” | Dwight D. Eisenhower |
| The coup that ousted Jacobo Arbenz was sponsored by this president in Operation PBSUCCESS. | Dwight D. Eisenhower |
| This president ended the bracero system by deporting a million Mexican immigrants in Operation Wetback. | Dwight D. Eisenhower |
| During this man’s presidency, the democratically-elected Mohammad Mossadegh was deposed in Operation Ajax, which was carried out by this president’s CIA Director, Allen Dulles. | Dwight D. Eisenhower |
| This president signed the Federal-Aid Highway Act to create the interstate system. | Dwight D. Eisenhower |
| President of the United States from 1953 to 1961. | Dwight D. Eisenhower |
| One religious leader in this city fled to Cairo after the appointment of Husam al-Din Jarallah. That leader was Grand Mufti Hajj Amin al-Husseini. | Jerusalem |
| Ralphe Bunche was appointed as a mediator after the assassination of Folke Bernadotte in this city by the “Stern Gang.” | Jerusalem |
| The Irgun, without the approval of the Haganah paramilitary, bombed this city’s King David Hotel. | Jerusalem |
| The partition of a British Mandate in Resolution 181 made this city an international zone after a conflict which included a defense of its Western Wall. | Jerusalem |
| This holy city was declared capital of Israel in 1947. | Jerusalem |
| A close advisor to this man’s son pointed to a deer and called it a horse. | Qin Shi Huang |
| Feudalism was abolished and replaced by thirty-six commanderies by this ruler’s chancellor Lǐ Sī. | Qin Shi Huang |
| This ruler issued the Bàn Liǎng to standardize all forms of currency. | Qin Shi Huang |
| This ruler standardized weights and measurements throughout his country but was accused by historian Sīmǎ Qiān of burning books and executing scholars as part of his Legalist doctrine. | Qin Shi Huang |
| This ruler conquered the six other Warring States and is buried in a mausoleum supposedly containing rivers of mercury. | Qin Shi Huang |
| The Terracotta Army protects the tomb of this first emperor of China. | Qin Shi Huang |
| This policy was advocated for by an organization whose second president was Frances Willard. | prohibition |
| A riot in Portland, Maine resulted from the “Maine Law” enacting this policy that was advanced by James Appleton and Neal Dow. | prohibition |
| A nickname for Lucy Hayes reflects her support for this cause. | prohibition |
| One member of a Woman’s Christian Union for this policy was the hatchet-wielding Carrie A. Nation. | prohibition |
| The Volstead Act enacted this policy nationwide, which was enabled by the Eighteenth Amendment and repealed by the Twenty-First Amendment. | prohibition |
| This policy was one in which the production and sale of alcohol was banned. | prohibition |
| A governor of this state who advocated a policy of “pay-as-you-go-liberalism” was the early head of an “Eastern Establishment” in the Republican Party. | New York |
| An influential faction of moderate Republicans was named after another governor of this state, who lost the 1964 Republican primary to Barry Goldwater. | New York |
| The National Guard responded with excessive force to a 1971 prison riot at Attica in this state. | New York |
| Gerald Ford’s vice president was former governor of this state Nelson Rockefeller, who adopted this state’s “stop-and-frisk” policy. | New York |
| This state has recently been led by Mario and Andrew Cuomo. | New York |
| Soldiers from this country carried out the St. Albans raid. Due to a blockade by a neighboring country, Mary Jackson led a bread riot in this country’s capital. | Confederate States of America |
| Lieutenant John L. Porter used this country’s Tredegar Iron Works to create ships to fight in the Battle of Hampton Roads. | Confederate States of America |
| One of this country’s diplomats, John Slidell, was captured in the Trent Affair. | Confederate States of America |
| This country rebuilt the Merrimack for its navy in order to defeat the ironclad Monitor. | Confederate States of America |
| Britain and France refused to recognize this country due to sufficient cotton production in Egypt. | Confederate States of America |
| Jefferson Davis was the only president of this country that fought the Union during the Civil War. | Confederate States of America |
| This man declared Laurent-Desire Kabila to be “not the man of the hour” after attempting to aid him in the Simba Rebellion. | Che Guevara |
| This man said, “Shoot, coward! You are only going to kill a man” before being executed by firing squad in Bolivia. | Che Guevara |
| An iconic photo of this man was captured by Alberto Korda in Guerrillero Heroico. | Che Guevara |
| This man wrote a “thank you” note to John F. Kennedy following the Bay of Pigs invasion. | Che Guevara |
| With Fidel Castro, this man helped to overthrow Cuban president Fulgencio Batista. | Che Guevara |
| This Marxist revolutionary was second-in-command to Fidel Castro. | Che Guevara |
| After Margaret Nicholson tried to stab this man, he responded, “this poor creature is mad, do not hurt her. She has not hurt me.” | George III |
| This king blocked the passage of the East India Bill, which would have nationalized the East India Company. | George III |
| After this king passed the Papists Act, protestors dubbed him “King Mob” during the Gordon Riots. Due to his porphyria, this king’s son presided over the Regency. | George III |
| This king issued the Proclamation of 1763, forbidding all western expansion past the Appalachians, and refused to read the Olive Branch Petition. | George III |
| This Hanoverian king ruled the United Kingdom during the American Revolution. | George III |
| Anti-Chinese sentiment sparked the “White [this country] policy.” | Australia |
| George Johnston and John Macarthur overthrew Governor William Bligh in this country’s Rum Rebellion, while anger over mining fees resulted in this country’s Battle of the Eureka Stockade. | Australia |
| This country opened itself to immigration under its longest-ruling prime minister, Robert Menzies. | Australia |
| Outlaws in this country were called bushrangers, some of whom wore bulletproof iron armor like Ned Kelly. | Australia |
| During the First World War, this country was a part of the ANZAC along with New Zealand. | Australia |
| Nation where the British founded penal colonies that became cities such as Sydney. | Australia |
| At an event honoring this leader, Barack Obama shook hands with Fidel Castro. | Nelson Mandela |
| This leader suggested that Abdel Baset al-Megrahi, who bombed Pan Am Flight 103, should be held in a prison closer to his home country. | Nelson Mandela |
| This man posed as a worker on Liliesleaf Farm while running operations for the Spear of the Nation. | Nelson Mandela |
| This man declared “I am prepared to die” at the Rivonia trial, where he received a life sentence that was to be served on Robben Island. | Nelson Mandela |
| This leader founded the Truth and Reconciliation commission after he was released from prison by F.W. de Klerk. | Nelson Mandela |
| Members of this group were routed by Lumbee Native Americans in the Battle of Hayes Pond. | KKK |
| The rape and murder of Madge Oberholtzer was committed by a leader of this group, D. C. Stephenson. | KKK |
| Woodrow Wilson controversially showed a film in the White House glorifying this group, The Birth of a Nation. | KKK |
| The second iteration of this organization was founded on Stone Mountain by William Joseph Simmons, who proclaimed himself its “Grand Wizard.” | KKK |
| Members of this white supremacist organization wear white robes and burn crosses. | KKK |
| During a conflict in this country, swordsmen called Juramentados carried out suicide attacks against occupying forces. | Philippines |
| This country’s Muslim minority was massacred by occuyping troops during the Moro Rebellion. | Philippines |
| Galleons named for this country’s capital made bi-annual trading voyages to New Spain. | Philippines |
| Frederick Funston captured this country’s first president, Emilio Aguinaldo. | Philippines |
| Along with Cuba and Puerto Rico, this country was occupied by the United States after the Spanish-American War. | Philippines |
| This Pacific archipelagic country began its struggle against American colonizers in the Battle of Manila. | Philippines |
| According to Herodotus, this ruler’s corpse was beheaded after he was defeated by the queen of the Massageteans, Tomyris. | Cyrus the Great |
| This ruler defeated his grandfather, Astyages, in order to conquer the Medes. | Cyrus the Great |
| The city of Sardis was besieged by this ruler after an unsuccessful invasion by the Lydian king Croesus. This ruler created a system of provincial governors known as satraps. | Cyrus the Great |
| This ruler condemned the Babylonian king Nabonidus in an inscription that was popularized as the oldest known declaration of human rights. | Cyrus the Great |
| The Babylonian captivity was ended by this founder of the Achaemenid Empire. | Cyrus the Great |
| Project Greek Island secretly built one of these structures at the Greenbrier Resort in West Virginia. Another one of these structures is at Raven Rock Mountain, Pennsylvania. | bunkers |
| The former headquarters of NORAD was in one of these structures in the Cheyenne Mountain Complex. | bunkers |
| Enver Hoxha mandated building thousands of these structures around Albania. | bunkers |
| Since 1963, the Swiss government has mandated including these structures in every new building. | bunkers |
| Adolf Hitler commited suicide in one of these structures. | bunkers |
| These fortified structures are designed to protect inhabitants from attacks. | bunkers |
| This president claimed that he would “never apologize for the United States of America” after the USS Vincennes shot down an Iranian flight. | George H.W. Bush |
| At the nominating convention for this president, a speech decrying the “prophets of doom” and declaring there was a “war… for the soul of America” was given by Pat Buchanan. | George H.W. Bush |
| This president attacked his opponent for being “soft on crime” in the Willie Horton advertisement. | George H.W. Bush |
| This man proclaimed “Read my lips: no new taxes” at the 1988 Republican National Convention. | George H.W. Bush |
| This president who succeeded Ronald Reagan was the father of the 43rd president. | George H.W. Bush |
| This act was weakened by the Supreme Court decision United States vs. E.C. Knight. | Sherman Antitrust Act |
| The Danbury Hatters’ Case declared that labor unions were not exempt from this act. | Sherman Antitrust Act |
| In 2001, Microsoft was found to have violated this act when it packaged Internet Explorer with its computers. | Sherman Antitrust Act |
| This act was succeeded by the Clayton act. William Howard Taft used this act to break up Standard Oil. | Sherman Antitrust Act |
| Theodore Roosevelt was notorious for using this act to break up the Northern Securities company. | Sherman Antitrust Act |
| This act named for an Ohio senator was aimed to clamp down on monopolies. | Sherman Antitrust Act |
| Scholars from this country translated the New Text on Anatomy from a different language through a policy which allowed a certain country’s traders on an artificial island in its south. | Japan |
| One era of this country’s history ended after eight “black ships” opened up trade. | Japan |
| This country’s period of “Dutch Learning” lasted until 1854, when Matthew Perry arrived on the shores of this country. | Japan |
| This country’s policy of isolation, or sakoku, ended with the Convention of Kanagawa. | Japan |
| This country’s last shogunate was overthrown in 1868 in the Meiji Restoration. | Japan |
| This country was ruled during the Edo period by the Tokugawa Shogunate. | Japan |
| This ruler referred to himself as the “Beloved of the Gods” and planted banyan trees at regular intervals to aid travelers. | Ashoka Maurya |
| This ruler concealed wounds from his older brother Susima to avoid being killed in a succession dispute. | Ashoka Maurya |
| An elaborate torture chamber that this ruler built was known as his namesake “hell.” | Ashoka Maurya |
| This ruler was so shaken by the bloodshed during the Kalinga War that he converted to Buddhism. | Ashoka Maurya |
| This ruler constructed a pillar with four lions standing back to back, which is his “lion capital,” and constructed many rock edicts. | Ashoka Maurya |
| “Great” ruler of the Maurya Empire. | Ashoka Maurya |
| In 2017, archaeologists excavated an enormous skull-rack at a site in this city. | Tenochtitlan |
| Bernal Diaz wrote that this city was divided into 20 districts called calpulli. | Tenochtitlan |
| Unarmed nobles of this city were massacred at a festival on the orders of Pedro de Alvarado. | Tenochtitlan |
| An invading force took heavy losses while retreating over a causeway out of this city during La Noche Triste. | Tenochtitlan |
| Human captives taken in “Flower Wars” were sacrificed at this city’s Templo Mayor. | Tenochtitlan |
| Cuauhtémoc became tlatoani of this city after Moctezuma II was killed in the custody of Hernán Cortés. | Tenochtitlan |
| This city on Lake Texcoco was the capital of the Aztec empire. | Tenochtitlan |
| A limitation to this amendment established in Chaplinsky v. New Hampshire was gutted in Cohen v. California. | First Amendment |
| One case involving this amendment, Minersville School District v. Gobitis, was overturned in the Barnett case. | First Amendment |
| One exception to a right in this amendment was established in Oliver Wendell Holmes’ opinion in the Schenck case, which established the “clear and present danger” doctrine. | First Amendment |
| Shouting “Fire!” in a crowded theater is often cited as an exception to this amendment of the United States Constitution protecting the freedom of speech. | First Amendment |
| With the aim of “correcting” the vulgate history of Cleitarchus, Arrian of Nicomedia wrote this ruler’s namesake Anabasis. | Alexander the Great |
| This ruler’s forces crossed a monsoon-flooded river in order to surprise and defeat the elephant forces of King Porus at the Battle of the Hydaspes River. | Alexander the Great |
| This ruler ordered the building of a causeway in order to besiege and capture the city of Tyre. | Alexander the Great |
| This ruler’s Companion Cavalry defeated the forces of Darius III at the battle of Gaugamela. | Alexander the Great |
| This ruler turned an angry horse away from its shadow in order to tame his steed Bucephalus. | Alexander the Great |
| This son of Philip II was a “great” king of Macedon. | Alexander the Great |
| This country was occupied by the British for five months during the Paulet affair. | Hawaii |
| The Blount Report and Morgan Report both investigated John L. Stevens, the U.S. Minister to this country. | Hawaii |
| After surviving an attack by a fisherman, the eventual unifier of this country passed a law which let everyone “lie by the roadside in safety,” the Law of the Splintered Paddle. | Hawaii |
| This country’s last ruler was overthrown in 1893 and replaced by President Sanford Dole. | Hawaii |
| Dole’s cousin’s food company formerly owned this country’s island of Lana’i. | Hawaii |
| This country formerly led by Kamehameha that became a US state governed from Honolulu. | Hawaii |
| This leader lost popularity after trying to introduce a “community charge” that was effectively a poll tax. | Margaret Thatcher |
| Arthur Scargill led the National Union of Mineworkers in a strike against this leader. | Margaret Thatcher |
| Newsweek Magazine ran the headline “The Empire Strikes Back” to describe this leader’s response during a conflict in which the H.M.S. Sheffield was sunk by an Exocet missile. | Margaret Thatcher |
| The provisional IRA bombed the Brighton Hotel in an assasination attempt on this leader, who led Britain through the Falklands War. | Margaret Thatcher |
| This first female British prime minister was nicknamed the “Iron Lady.” | Margaret Thatcher |
| This country was the destination of fleeing genocidaires, including many members of the FAR. | Democratic Republic of the Congo |
| A leader of this country used the state ideology of authenticité to rid itself of colonial influence. That leader sent a political rival to a rebellious province in this country, where he was tortured and killed in the city of Elisabethville. | Democratic Republic of the Congo |
| Moise Tshombe led the short-lived breakaway state of Katanga in what is now this country. | Democratic Republic of the Congo |
| The “Rumble in the Jungle” boxing match occurred in this country’s capital during the presidency of its longtime dictator Mobutu Sese Seko. | Democratic Republic of the Congo |
| Patrice Lumumba was killed in this African country formerly known as Zaire. | Democratic Republic of the Congo |
| Kellyanne Conway’s husband co-authored a New York Times editorial arguing that a hiring to this position violated the Appointments Clause, and that acting appointee to this position was Matthew Whitaker. | Attorney General |
| A deputy to this position, Rod Rosenstein, appointed Robert Mueller. | Attorney General |
| Rosenstein had to do that because, unlike Whitaker, a holder of this position who is a former Alabama senator did recuse himself. | Attorney General |
| The current holder of this position released a controversial four-page summary of Mueller’s report. | Attorney General |
| Jeff Sessions was replaced in this position by William Barr. | Attorney General |
| This position was held by the head of the Department of Justice. | Attorney General |
| One ruler of this modern-day country was called the “Iron Emir” for his suppression of numerous rebellions. | Afghanistan |
| The third war this country fought against the British Empire was ended by the Treaty of Rawalpindi. | Afghanistan |
| Ahmad Shah is considered the “father” of this modern-day country since he founded the Durrani empire. | Afghanistan |
| Abdur Rahman Khan signed the Durand Line Agreement with the British empire to establish this country’s southern border. | Afghanistan |
| Britain and Russia fought over this country in the Great Game. | Afghanistan |
| This country is the western terminus of the Khyber Pass. | Afghanistan |
| This country was once ruled by the Taliban from Kabul. | Afghanistan |
| Valerie Ford sued this region over its controversial Bill 101. Tommy Douglas inspired a leader of this region to undertake a rural electrification initiative. | Quebec |
| This region underwent the “great darkness” before implementing a set of economic and political reforms known as the Quiet Revolution. | Quebec |
| The only peacetime use of the War Measures act came after James Cross and Pierre Laporte were kidnapped by this region’s FLQ terrorist group. | Quebec |
| Premier Réné Lévesque, the leader of this region’s PQ party, supported this region’s independence referenda in 1980 and 1995. | Quebec |
| French-speaking province of Canada. | Quebec |
| At this event, a proposal to “insert essential principles only” was made by a “Committee of Detail.” | Constitutional Convention |
| Robert Yates wrote “Notes of the Secret Debates” of this event. | Constitutional Convention |
| A participant in this event declared at its end that a sun carved into the back of a chair must have been rising instead of setting. | Constitutional Convention |
| Because he “smelt a rat,” Patrick Henry refused to participate in this event. | Constitutional Convention |
| Compromises at this event include the Connecticut Compromise between the Virginia and New Jersey Plans and the Three-Fifths Compromise. | Constitutional Convention |
| This 1787 event was held in Independence Hall in Philadelphia and was where delegates drafted and signed the central document of U.S. law. | Constitutional Convention |
| Plumpness and chubbiness was the standard of beauty for women during this dynasty, exemplified by one of the Four Great Beauties who supposedly “put flowers to shame.” | Tang Dynasty |
| After the collapse of her mother’s Southern Zhōu Dynasty, the Tàipíng Princess held sway during this dynasty. | Tang Dynasty |
| The favoritism of Concubine Yáng helped spur the rebellion of a Sogdian warlord during this dynasty. | Tang Dynasty |
| This dynasty was interrupted by China’s only female emperor, Wǔ Zétiān. | Tang Dynasty |
| This dynasty succeeded the Suí Dynasty and experienced the rebellion of Ān Lùshān. | Tang Dynasty |
| This politician is advised by UC Berkeley economists Gabriel Zucman and Emmanuel Saez. | Elizabeth Warren |
| This politician advocates creating a Department of Economic Development to support “economic patriotism.” | Elizabeth Warren |
| The Ending Too Big to Jail Act was introduced by this senator. | Elizabeth Warren |
| This senator has proposed paying for Medicare for All by instituting a two-cent wealth tax, and wants to break up Amazon. | Elizabeth Warren |
| This candidate took a DNA test to prove she had Native American ancestry in response to Donald Trump’s mocking nickname for her, “Pocahontas.” | Elizabeth Warren |
| This former Democratic presidential candidate is the senior Senator from Massachusetts. | Elizabeth Warren |
| One of these locations was connected by underground tunnels to the largest gathering space of worshippers of Mithras. | Roman bathhouses |
| An enlarged copy of the Farnese Hercules was discovered in one of these locations. | Roman bathhouses |
| People in one of these locations used a strigil after applying olive oil. | Roman bathhouses |
| The Aqua Antoniniana aqueduct was built to provide water to one of these buildings named for Caracalla. | Roman bathhouses |
| In these buildings people would enter the caldarium, or“hot plunge,” followed by the frigidarium, or “cold plunge.” | Roman bathhouses |
| These buildings were places Romans frequented in order to clean themselves. | Roman bathhouses |
| This leader defeated an army under Cassivellaunus during the second of two unsuccessful invasions of a territory this leader would never conquer. | Julius Caesar |
| At the Lucca Conference, this man directed his allies to run for the consulship and, in return, extend his governorship by another five years. | Julius Caesar |
| This commander constructed numerous encircling fortifications in order to besiege an army under Vercingetorix at the Battle of Alesia. | Julius Caesar |
| This man’s senior legate Titus Labienus betrayed him after this man said “the die has been cast” and crossed the Rubicon. | Julius Caesar |
| At the Battle of Pharsalus, this man defeated his rival Pompey. | Julius Caesar |
| This dictator of Rome was assassinated on the Ides of March. | Julius Caesar |
| In this modern-day country, a pair of man-eating lions interfered with a project to construct a railroad. | Kenya |
| The White Highlands in what is now this country were set aside exclusively for European settlement. | Kenya |
| The Kapenguria Six were arrested during a conflict in this modern-day country, which also saw the British construct “protected villages” to detain civilians. | Kenya |
| Dedan Kimathi led the Mau Mau rebellion in this country shortly before its independence from Britain. | Kenya |
| Kikuyu farmers lost their land to the British in this east African country whose first prime minister was Jomo Kenyatta. | Kenya |
| Kathy Alice Drew represented one side in a Supreme Court case regarding these things. | US flag |
| In a photograph taken by Stanley Forman, an angry Joseph Rakes uses one of these things to attack lawyer Ted Landsmark. | US flag |
| Michael Strank, Frank Sousley, and Harlan Block died shortly after taking a picture with one of these things. | US flag |
| The Supreme Court case Texas v. Johnson concerned free speech as it relates to the burning of this symbol. | US flag |
| The most famous picture taken by Joe Rosenthal depicts this symbol being raised on Iwo Jima. | US flag |
| The Soiling of Old Glory depicts the desecration of this symbol first created by Betsy Ross. | US flag |
| In May 2019, this country’s Plurinational Assembly extended the deadline for a Truth Commission to publish a report on human rights abuses during eighteen years in the late twentieth century. | Bolivia |
| In this country, a court ruling that term limits for officials were human rights violations allowed the incumbent of the MAS party to seek a fourth term in a controversial 2019 election. Protests about suspicions of fraud in that election led to Jeanine Á | Bolivia |
| A coup d'état in this country recently forced out former president Evo Morales. | Bolivia |
| One ruler of this empire was blinded by a tribal chieftain whom he made his grand vizier and was earlier defeated at the Battle of Buxar. | Mughal Empire |
| One ruler of this empire invited Jesuit missionaries to discussions at a “House of Worship” and created the syncretic “Din-i-Ilahi” faith. | Mughal Empire |
| Nader Shah of the Afsharid Dynasty stole the Koh-i-Noor diamond after sacking this empire’s capital. | Mughal Empire |
| A “great” ruler of this empire abolished the jizya tax on non-Muslims. | Mughal Empire |
| Babur founded this empire after winning the First Battle of Panipat. | Mughal Empire |
| Indian empire ruled by Akbar whose fifth emperor Shah Jahan built the Taj Mahal. | Mughal Empire |
| This man escaped prison with the help of Alexander Hamilton’s sister-in-law, Angelica Schuyler Church. | Marquis de Lafayette |
| This man ordered the disarmament of nobles during the Day of Daggers and dispersed protestors at the Champ de Mars while serving as the commander-in-chief of the National Guard. | Marquis de Lafayette |
| With the Comte de Mirabeau, this man drafted the Declaration of the Rights of Man, which was modeled after the Declaration of Independence. | Marquis de Lafayette |
| This military leader was wounded at the Battle of Brandywine before leading land troops at the Siege of Yorktown. | Marquis de Lafayette |
| French “Hero of Two Worlds” who assisted the Americans during the Revolutionary War. | Marquis de Lafayette |
| During one conflict, people in this city wailed after hearing news of defeat brought by the Paralus. | Athens |
| Before one expedition, a commander from this city was accused of mutilating busts of Hermes, prompting him to defect to this city’s enemy. | Athens |
| Following this city’s defeat at the Battle of Aegospotami, Lysander installed the Thirty Tyrants to rule it. | Athens |
| Alcibiades led the disastrous Sicilian Expedition against Syracuse in the service of this city. | Athens |
| One leader of this city gave a funeral oration in the aftermath of a devastating plague. | Athens |
| This ancient Greek city state led by Pericles was defeated by Sparta during the Peloponnesian War. | Athens |
| The founder of the Plowshares movement, Daniel Berrigan, was arrested for protesting this event as a member of the Catonsville Nine. | Vietnam War |
| Over four thousand pages of documents leaked by Daniel Ellsberg regarding this conflict were read on the floor of the Senate by Mike Gravel. | Vietnam War |
| Students wearing black armbands to protest this war led to the case of Tinker v. Des Moines. | Vietnam War |
| The Pentagon Papers detailed American involvement in this war, which expanded after an alleged attack on the USS Maddox in the Gulf of Tonkin. | Vietnam War |
| The war in which American forces were defeated in 1975 after the Fall of Saigon. | Vietnam War |
| A “soldier’s pocket bible” named after this leader was issued to his troops. | Oliver Cromwell |
| This leader reversed the expulsion of the Jews after the Whitehall Conference. | Oliver Cromwell |
| This ruler’s powers were outlined in his country’s first codified constitution, the Instrument of Government. | Oliver Cromwell |
| This leader ordered the massacre of the garrison of Drogheda during his conquest of Ireland. | Oliver Cromwell |
| This man served under Thomas Fairfax at the Battle of Naseby, and was later posthumously beheaded for regicide. | Oliver Cromwell |
| This man nicknamed “Old Ironsides” commanded the New Model Army in the English Civil War. | Oliver Cromwell |
| Lord Protector of England who ruled after executing Charles I. | Oliver Cromwell |
| Frank Kusch described sitting down with many of this city’s police officers in his book Battleground: [this city]. | Chicago |
| Lip readers caught a mayor of this city swearing at Abraham Ribicoff, who criticized that mayor for using “Gestapo Tactics.” | Chicago |
| Abbie Hoffmann, Jerry Rubin, and other members of this city’s “Seven” were imprisoned for inciting riots against pro-war candidate Hubert Humphrey, who was nominated at this city’s 1968 Democratic Convention. | Chicago |
| This city was once led by Richard J. Daley and is the most populous in Illinois. | Chicago |
| After this event, a system of Gacaca courts was introduced to try its perpetrators, many of whom were part of a militia called “Those Who Attack Together.” | Rwandan genocide |
| Roméo Dallaire led a failed peace-keeping mission to stop this event. | Rwandan genocide |
| The radio station RTLM urged its listeners to begin this event with the command “cut down the tall trees.” | Rwandan genocide |
| The Interahamwe began this event after the plane carrying Juvenal Habyarimana was shot down. | Rwandan genocide |
| This event ended after its country’s Patriotic Front took power under the leader Paul Kagame. | Rwandan genocide |
| 1994 atrocity in which Hutu militias massacred Tutsis in a central African country. | Rwandan genocide |
| One of these facilities known as “Osirak” was attacked in Operation Scorch Sword and later destroyed in Operation Opera. | nuclear power plant |
| An award-winning oral history about an incident at one of these facilities was written by Svetlana Alexievich. | nuclear power plant |
| A “sarcophagus” surrounds one of these facilities in which a heap of toxic material known as the “Elephant’s Foot” was found. | nuclear power plant |
| One disaster regarding one of these facilities took place on Three Mile Island, while a more recent disaster took place at one of them in Fukushima. | nuclear power plant |
| One of these structures underwent a meltdown at Chernobyl. | nuclear power plant |
| The flower or scented form of this substance is supposedly preferred among people who live near alkaline wells. | tea |
| Imperial regulations led to the decline of the powdered and brick forms of this substance and the rise of its loose form. | tea |
| A legendary origin of this substance is in the Wǔyí Mountains. | tea |
| Catherine of Braganza introduced this substance to the British nobility by marrying King Charles II. | tea |
| A common variant of this beverage is grown in the foothills of the Himalayas, the Darjeeling region. | tea |
| Bergamot oil is added to one variety of this beverage to produce its Earl Grey variety. | tea |
| This beverage is made by steeping namesake leaves in boiling water. | tea |
| The Wurts brothers constructed a canal to transport material produced by workers in this industry. | coal industry |
| A union of workers in this industry was led by future CIO leader John L. Lewis. | coal industry |
| The Matewan Massacre, which targeted workers in this industry, led to the Battle of Blair Mountain. | coal industry |
| An attack on workers in this industry was ordered by John D. Rockefeller Jr. in the Ludlow Massacre. | coal industry |
| Irish workers in this industry made up a large portion of the Molly Maguires. | coal industry |
| Workers in this industry often went on strike while working in the Appalachian mountains, most prominently West Virginia. | coal industry |
| This industry’s workers extract anthracite from the ground. | coal industry |
| This structure was targeted during the joint Operation Musketeer. | Suez Canal |
| The Convention of Constantinople declared this structure a neutral zone under a certain country’s protection. | Suez Canal |
| Lester Pearson won a Nobel Prize for negotiating the end of a conflict over this structure. | Suez Canal |
| One leader indicated the start of an invasion of this structure by deliberately pronouncing the name Ferdinand de Lesseps, one of this structure’s creators. | Suez Canal |
| Anthony Eden resigned after a conflict known as this structure’s namesake “crisis.” | Suez Canal |
| This structure shortened travel time between India and Europe by months. | Suez Canal |
| A canal in Egypt. | Suez Canal |
| According to satellite evidence, over two dozen religious sites set up by these people, like the Imam Asim shrine, were destroyed between 2016 and 2018. | Uyghurs |
| The New York Times published secret speeches made in 2014 that urged “absolutely no mercy” for these people. | Uyghurs |
| Some of these people incited July 2009 riots in the autonomous region named after these people. That region, sometimes referred to as East Turkestan, has its capital at Ürümqi. | Uyghurs |
| Hundreds of thousands of these people, who are mostly Muslim, have been forced into internment camps in the Xīnjiāng region of China. | Uyghurs |
| This group is a persecuted Chinese ethnic minority. | Uyghurs |
| This person’s company owned 666 Fifth Avenue in New York from 2007 until 2018. | Jared Corey Kushner |
| A team this person ran implemented the social-media campaign “Project Alamo.” | Jared Corey Kushner |
| This official failed to disclose calls with Sergey Kislyak while applying for a security clearance, and pushed for the firing of Corey Lewandowski. | Jared Corey Kushner |
| If this official can’t broker peace between Israel and Palestine, then “it can’t be done,” according to Donald Trump. | Jared Corey Kushner |
| This director of the newly created Office of American Innovation juggles many other governmental roles. | Jared Corey Kushner |
| This husband of Ivanka Trump is a son-in-law of and influential senior advisor to the President. | Jared Corey Kushner |
| Little Saint James Island is best known as the residence of this person. | Jeff Epstein |
| Tova Noel and Michael Thomas were charged with conspiracy and filing false records over this man. | Jeff Epstein |
| Prince Andrew frequently rode on this person’s private plane, a Boeing 727 nicknamed the “Lolita Express.” | Jeff Epstein |
| This man was found dead after two security cameras malfunctioned and guards failed to check his cell every 30 minutes. | Jeff Epstein |
| This person allegedly committed suicide by hanging on August 10, 2019 while being held on trial for child prostitution. | Jeff Epstein |
| This person is the subject of a meme stating that he didn’t kill himself. | Jeff Epstein |
| In one incident during this man’s presidency, his Secretary of the Treasury hired John Sanborn to collect $427,000 in unpaid taxes. | Ulysses S. Grant |
| This man’s Secretary of War, William Belknap, was discovered to have taken kickbacks from traders at Fort Sill. | Ulysses S. Grant |
| Benjamin Bristow discovered the diversion of tax revenues in a scandal during this man’s administration, which led to the resignation of his personal secretary, Orville Babcock. | Ulysses S. Grant |
| The Whiskey Ring Scandal happened during the administration of this President who commanded Union forces during the Civil War. | Ulysses S. Grant |
| Despite being heavily outnumbered, this man won the Battle of Turin by enveloping his enemy’s superior heavy cavalry, marking the beginning of a successful campaign in Italy. | Constantine I |
| This man likely had his son Crispus executed after he was accused of seducing his stepmother Fausta, although that led to her being killed as well. | Constantine I |
| This man convened the Council of Nicaea and co-issued the Edict of Milan with Licinius before defeating him at the Battle of Chrysopolis. | Constantine I |
| Prior to one battle, he had the symbol Chi-Rho painted onto his soldiers’ shields after seeing a vision from God. | Constantine I |
| This victor at the Battle of the Milvian Bridge was the first Christian emperor of Rome. | Constantine I |
| A member of this family fell victim to the Magione conspiracy following his conquest of Camerino during the third Romagna campaign. That member from this family allegedly had Alfonso of Aragon stabbed in St. Peter’s Square and then strangled while recover | Borgia |
| A Patriarch of this family ordered the likely fictional Banquet of the Chestnuts, a debauched party in the papal palace. That man also excommunicated Girolamo Savonarola and was better known as Pope Alexander VI. | Borgia |
| Members of this notorious Italo-Spanish family included Rodrigo and Cesare. | Borgia |
| The granting of habeas corpus in Wisconsin to one of these people led to a case affirming federal supremacy over state courts, Ableman v. Booth. | slaves |
| Laws concerning these people led to a Supreme Court case that ruled that states did not have to aid in federal enforcement of laws, Pennsylvania v. Prigg. | slaves |
| These people are the subject of the oft-disputed theory that they used quilts to communicate within a system using instructional songs like “Follow the Drinking Gourd.” | slaves |
| This group of people who escaped to the North using the Underground Railroad. | slaves |
| One ruler of this dynasty used a large pool full of alcohol and trees with branches made up of roasted meat skewers for his personal entertainment. That ruler was the “immoral” King Zhou. | Shang Dynasty |
| The taotie motif was prevalent during this dynasty, which gained power after a decisive victory at the legendary Battle of Mingtiao. | Shang Dynasty |
| This dynasty was centered around its capital of Anyang, where excavations have uncovered oracle bones that were used for divination. | Shang Dynasty |
| Supplanted by the Zhou Dynasty at the Battle of Muye was this first archaeologically verified dynasty of China, which came to power in the 18th century BC. | Shang Dynasty |
| This polity employed the Enderun School to train soldiers for a force that wore distinguishing hats called borks, and that school’s administrators were one of the groups in this polity’s governance to use deaf-mutes. | Ottoman Empire |
| A military force employed by this polity was disbanded in the so-called “Auspicious Incident.” | Ottoman Empire |
| That unit fought against Louis II during the Battle of Mohacs, after which this empire partitioned Hungary with the Habsburg empire. | Ottoman Empire |
| In 1535, this empire captured Baghdad under Sultan Suleiman the Magnificent. | Ottoman Empire |
| This empire was ruled by the House of Osman from Constantinople. | Ottoman Empire |
| In Plutarch’s Parallel Lives, the second king of Rome, Numa Pompilius, is compared to this city’s founder, both of whom preached “moderation and frugality." | Sparta |
| This city-state’s land was divided into kleroi and distributed to its citizens, who were required to donate parts of their harvest to their syssitia, or dining groups. | Sparta |
| This city was nominally ruled by two kings of the Agiad and Eurypontid families, and its youth were brutally educated in the agoge system and would be sent out to murder members of the helot slave class during the krypteia to maintain a regime of terror. | Sparta |
| This city-state whose leaders include Lycurgus and Leonidas, a frequent rival of Athens. | Sparta |
| This country’s government refused its citizens medicine for malaria to sustain its policy of self-sufficiency. | Cambodia |
| French missionary Francois Ponchaud documented guerilla fighters’ burning of homes in this country. | Cambodia |
| A high school in this country was converted into the torture center S-21 after the institution of puppet leader Norodom Sihanouk. | Cambodia |
| A leader of this country carried out mass executions at Choeung Ek and implemented the Year Zero program. | Cambodia |
| People who wore glasses and spoke foreign languages were executed in the “Killing Fields” of this country. | Cambodia |
| This country was once controlled by the Khmer Rouge under Pol Pot. | Cambodia |
| During this battle, Michael Wittmann’s audacious defense of his battalion’s left flank repulsed an assault that would have destroyed one side’s communication lines. | Battle of Kursk |
| During this battle, Walter Model's forces were halted after just one day, leading to largely inconclusive fighting at Ponyri and Okhovatka. The more successful southern offensive was tactically successful at Prokhorovka, but withdrew following the Allied | Battle of Kursk |
| This decisive World War II battle, code-named Operation Citadel, was where the Germans attempted to close a large Soviet salient on the Eastern Front. | Battle of Kursk |
| During this man’s presidency, the Polar Bear Expedition was ordered to Arkhangelsk. | Woodrow Wilson |
| The Arabic and Sussex pledges were issued to appease this president, who passed the Keating-Owen Act and the Underwood Tariff. | Woodrow Wilson |
| Late in this man’s presidency, the Justice Department arrested and deported radicals in the Palmer raids. | Woodrow Wilson |
| This man was aided in one election by the existence of the Bull Moose Party, which split the Republican Party’s votes. | Woodrow Wilson |
| This man, known for his Fourteen Points, was the 28th President of the United States who failed to keep America out of WWI. | Woodrow Wilson |
| Historian James Belich suggested that a war involving these people be named the “Potato Wars” due to the potato’s impact on the economy of these people. | Maori |
| One leader of these people cut down a flagstaff that he gifted to James Busby, the first British Resident of these people’s country. | Maori |
| Hone Heke was one leader of these people who fought a series of intertribal wars named for the firearms they obtained through Sydney-based merchants. | Maori |
| James Hobson forced these participants in the Musket Wars to sign the Treaty of Waitangi on North Island. | Maori |
| Native people of New Zealand. | Maori |
| Although he swore never to recognize Pope Alexander III at the Diet of Wurzburg in response to the machinations of Henry II, this man eventually stopped his support of antipope Paschal III and gave in. | Frederick Barbarossa |
| This man participated in the Diet of Roncaglia after conquering Milan which reaffirmed his privileges over subject cities, although the Lombard League refused to accept the terms and eventually secured their independence at the Battle of Legnano. | Frederick Barbarossa |
| This man died while crossing a river on the way to the Third Crusade which led to the total withdrawal of German forces. | Frederick Barbarossa |
| This Holy Roman Emperor was known for his red beard. | Frederick Barbarossa |
| A king of this name demanded that anyone who he looked at in court immediately bow to their knees. | Richard |
| One ruler of this name executed several of the Lords Appellant and was murdered after his supporters launched the failed Epiphany Rebellion. | Richard |
| One king of this name was killed at a battle he lost a battle after the defection of the Stanleys. That king’s skeleton was recently discovered under a parking lot. | Richard |
| A ruler with this name was held prisoner in Vienna after returning from a military campaign where he fought Saladin and captured Jerusalem. | Richard |
| This name was shared by three kings of England, the first of which was known as “the Lionheart." | Richard |
| This organization lost much of its public support after three of its members executed 19-year-old Alex Rackley in New Haven. | Black Panthers |
| The murder of one of this group’s members by the Chicago Police and the FBI led to the Weather Underground's declaration of war on the US government. | Black Panthers |
| Fred Hampton was a leader of this group, which demanded decent housing and an end to Police Brutality in its Ten-Point Program. | Black Panthers |
| This organization was founded in Oakland by Huey Newton and Bobby Seale who advocated for armed citizens’ patrols to monitor police behavior. | Black Panthers |
| Militant black nationalist group. | Black Panthers |
| A politician from this country had the hand that he used to sign the Treaty of Nis chopped off by the IMRO. | Bulgaria |
| One politician founded this country’s powerful Agrarian National Union. | Bulgaria |
| A ruler of this country died in suspicious circumstances days after he refused to deport Jews during a contentious meeting with Adolf Hitler. | Bulgaria |
| A leader of this country launched a hated “Revival Process” that forced ethnic Turks in this country to change their names. | Bulgaria |
| This country’s independence from the Ottoman Empire was effectively secured by the Treaty of San Stefano. | Bulgaria |
| This country was led by Todor Zhivkov for over 30 years from its capital of Sofia. | Bulgaria |
| This leader gained a large following after predicting the New Madrid Earthquakes. | Tecumseh |
| David King claimed that he killed this man, although that claim was disputed by Richard Mentor Johnson. | Tecumseh |
| This man quipped that “A single twig breaks, but the bundle of twigs is strong." | Tecumseh |
| This leader failed to seize Fort Meigs but helped Isaac Brock capture Fort Detroit. | Tecumseh |
| This chief was killed at the Battle of the Thames, and his brother ‘The Prophet’ was defeated by William Henry Harrison at the Battle of Tippecanoe. | Tecumseh |
| This Shawnee chief’s namesake Confederacy was shattered during the War of 1812. | Tecumseh |
| The Soninke Empire’s rise was directly linked with its strategic position in the trade of this commodity, while its decline began after traders began bypassing the town of Audaghost. | gold |
| The Bambouk, Bure, and Akan territories were reputed to hold an unending supply of this commodity, which was used to make the royal stool of the Ashanti Empire. | gold |
| Traded along camel-routes in exchange for Saharan salt throughout West Africa, Ghana was historically referred to as the coast of this commodity. | gold |
| Precious metal often used in the production of coinage. | gold |
| This man succeeded his uncle, Rugila, who supposedly died after being struck by divine lightning. | Attila the Hun |
| This man wielded the Sword of Mars and his court was visited by the historian Priscus. | Attila the Hun |
| This ruler’s son, Ellac, was killed at the battle of Nedao which ended this man’s empire. | Attila the Hun |
| This victor at the Battle of Utus called off one invasion after Pope Leo I likely bribed him. | Attila the Hun |
| This man probably assassinated his brother Bleda and may have been murdered by his bride, Ildico. | Attila the Hun |
| Theodoric I died fighting this man’s army at a battle where he was defeated by Flavius Aetius. | Attila the Hun |
| This loser at the battle of the Catalaunian Plains was the leader of the Huns. | Attila the Hun |
| In a speech, this man told the United States he would show them “Kuzka’s mother,” which later became an idiom for a threat in his native language. | Nikita Khrushchev |
| One of this man’s most famous actions was a response to Lorenzo Sumulong that accused his country of hypocrisy. | Nikita Khrushchev |
| This leader controversially shouted “We Will Bury You!” to a group of ambassadors. | Nikita Khrushchev |
| This man defended his nation’s ideology against Richard Nixon in the Kitchen Debates, although his “Secret Speech” denounced the excesses of Joseph Stalin. | Nikita Khrushchev |
| This shoe-banging Soviet premier led the USSR during the Cuban Missile Crisis. | Nikita Khrushchev |
| In the aftermath of this event, the victims met Zlatan Ibrahimovic on the Ellen show. | Tham Luang cave rescue |
| The only fatality of this event was Suman Kunan, a former Royal Navy Seal who died of asphyxiation while laying air tanks. | Tham Luang cave rescue |
| The victims who were saved during this event were initially trapped by rising water. | Tham Luang cave rescue |
| The most climactic part of this event was when, just beyond the “Pattaya Beach” chamber, divers found all thirteen victims alive. | Tham Luang cave rescue |
| This event was a successful international rescue effort for members of the Wild Boars, a local junior soccer team in Thailand. | Tham Luang cave rescue |
| One person involved in this event was suspected of the murder of his political rival, Albert Jennings Fountain. | Teapot Dome Scandal |
| This event led to the Supreme Court ruling in McGrain v. Daugherty, which stated that Congress had the power to compel witness testimony. | Teapot Dome Scandal |
| Senator Thomas J. Walsh from Montana led an investigation into this event, which was primarily orchestrated by the Secretary of the Interior Albert Fall. | Teapot Dome Scandal |
| This scandal involving the leasing of oil reserves in a certain Wyoming oil field to private oil companies that tarnished the reputation of the Harding Administration. | Teapot Dome Scandal |
| During one of his conquests, this man defeated Jalal ad-Din Mingburnu at the Battle of Indus, effectively ending the Khwarezmian Empire. | Genghis Khan |
| Shortly after his first marriage, this ruler’s wife, Börte, was captured by the Merkits. | Genghis Khan |
| This ruler created the Yassa law code and adopted (*) Uyghur script for his empire. | Genghis Khan |
| This man was aided in his conquests by his general Subutai, and was succeeded by his third son Ögedei. | Genghis Khan |
| A 2003 paper revealed that approximately 8% of male Asians are direct descendents of this man. | Genghis Khan |
| This man was the first Great Khan of the Mongol Empire. | Genghis Khan |
| According to Plutarch, this Roman was gentler than his ancestor who overthrew Sextus Tarquin because he was well-educated in philosophy and kept up his reading even while on campaign. | Brutus |
| This man caused a scandal when he divorced his first wife in favor of his first cousin Porcia and he foolishly allowed Mark Antony to deliver a famous Funeral Oration. | Brutus |
| This man killed himself after he lost the Battle of Philippi because his ally Cassius prematurely committed suicide. | Brutus |
| This leading conspirator behind the assassination of Julius Caesar had formerly been a close friend and confidant. | Brutus |
| One leader of this cause stated that it had been defeated by “money and the ethnic vote.” | Quebec Independence |
| One political party supporting this cause was founded after the collapse of the Meech Lake Accords and was later led by Lucien Bouchard during a failed 1995 referendum. | Quebec Independence |
| The Quiet Revolution led to this issue becoming one of national importance. | Quebec Independence |
| A group which supported this cause kidnapped Pierre Laporte, causing a head of state to invoke the War Measures Act. That prime minister, Pierre Trudeau, led his country through the October Crisis. | Quebec Independence |
| This movement aims to separate a French-speaking province from the rest of Canada. | Quebec Independence |
| In one conflict, this country’s namesake National Liberation Army was defeated by NRA forces led by Yoweri Museveni. That conflict, the Luwero War, saw the defeat of former president Milton Obote after a Tanzanian invasion toppled a military-usurper who t | Uganda |
| A leader of this country referred to himself as the “Conqueror of the British Empire” after the UK broke diplomatic relations with him in 1977, and he also styled himself the “Last King of Scotland” in addition to harboring Palestinian hijackers during Op | Uganda |
| Landlocked East African country led by dictator Idi Amin during the 1970’s. | Uganda |
| Horst Klein used his skills as a trapeze artist to perform this action. | crossing the Berlin Wall |
| Allan Lightner indirectly started a tank standoff when he tried to do this action to see an opera house. People often traveled through “Tunnel 57” while performing this action. | crossing the Berlin Wall |
| An unsuccessful attempt at this action led to the teenage bricklayer Peter Fechter being shot in an area known as the “Death Strip." | crossing the Berlin Wall |
| Routine attempts to perform this action were done through Checkpoint Charlie. | crossing the Berlin Wall |
| After a structure was torn down in 1989, people were able to perform this action freely. | crossing the Berlin Wall |
| An action in which people crossed a barrier that separated a German capital. | crossing the Berlin Wall |
| On the first day of this event, a young boy was lifted through a window so he could open a locked door from the inside. | Seneca Falls Convention |
| Ansel Bascom attempted to argue against this event’s organizers by citing a recent property law. | Seneca Falls Convention |
| The 9th resolution of this event passed after it was eloquently defended by Frederick (*) Douglass, the only man to attend this event. | Seneca Falls Convention |
| This event created a document that listed a series of “injuries and usurpations on the part of man toward woman.” | Seneca Falls Convention |
| This 1848 meeting organized by Lucretia Mott and Elizabeth Cady Stanton issued the Declaration of Sentiments and advocated for women’s rights. | Seneca Falls Convention |
| A unit named after this animal pioneered the extremely effective “dive and zoom” tactic and was divided into “Adam” and “Eve” divisions. | tiger |
| The commander of that unit, Claire Chennault, served as an advisor to Chiang Kai-Shek during WWII. | tiger |
| One ruler, whose name in Persian translates to this animal, defeated Rana Sanga at the Battle of Khanwa and Ibrahim Lodi at the First Battle of Panipat. | tiger |
| A group named after this animal attacked the Four Four Bravo on the Jaffna Peninsula, sparking the Black July Riots and the beginning of the Sri Lankan Civil War. | tiger |
| This animal is preceded by “Flying” and “Tamil” in the names of certain historical entities. | tiger |
| This polity underwent a short-lived resurgence under the reign of Al-Nasir, when it conquered the lands of Mesopotamia and Persia. | Abbasid Caliphate |
| This polity earlier faced secession movements from the Tulunids, Saffarids, and Buyids. | Abbasid Caliphate |
| This polity survived in a much-weakened form after the assassination of al-Mutawakkil began the Anarchy at Samarra. During that period, this polity’s power was no longer concentrated in Baghdad where, Greek learning had been translated by the House of Wis | Abbasid Caliphate |
| This Caliphate was named after an Uncle of Muhammad, which succeeded the Umayyad dynasty after Abu Muslim’s revolution. | Abbasid Caliphate |
| One of these two countries was required to drop the other from its official name as part of the Treaty of Saint Germain. | Austria and Germany |
| Agents from one of these countries likely assassinated the dictator of the other, Engelbert Dollfuss, during the July Putsch. | Austria and Germany |
| Mussolini positioned tanks at a certain border to prevent one of these countries from invading the other, but annexation still occurred in 1938. | Austria and Germany |
| These two countries were united by Adolf Hitler under the Anschluss, which resulted in the joining of the governments of Vienna and Berlin. | Austria and Germany |
| A largely discredited Richard Hofstadter theory traced this man’s supporters to the populists of the late 19th century. | Joseph McCarthy |
| Hofstadter coined the term “paranoid style” in an essay about this man, who was indirectly criticized in Margaret Chase Smith’s “Declaration of Conscience” speech. | Joseph McCarthy |
| This man was censured by the Watkins Committee for his unacceptable behavior as a Senator, although he is more famous for his indirect involvement with the House Committee for Un-American Activities. | Joseph McCarthy |
| This Wisconsin Senator began the Second Red Scare by claiming that he had the names of 205 Communists in the State Department. | Joseph McCarthy |
| A former president of this country was jailed after police found that he used his “Amigo” bank account for personal purposes. | Brazil |
| A company in this country was found to have paid over $40 million in kickbacks to bribe officials such as Eduardo Cunha and Edison Neto. | Brazil |
| Businessman Marcelo Odebrecht and former president Lula da Silva were exposed by Operation Car Wash in this country, which led to Michel Temer assuming the presidency after the impeachment of Dilma Rousseff. | Brazil |
| This home country of Petrobras is a South American country governed from Brasilia. | Brazil |
| One holder of this office was embroiled in a scandal concerning alleged kickbacks from the Swedish arms company Bofors. | Prime Minister of India |
| The first holder of this office stated that “now the time comes when we shall redeem our pledge” in a speech given right before his country’s independence. | Prime Minister of India |
| This office has been held by a woman who oversaw the Smiling Buddha Nuclear Tests and Operation Blue Star, which ultimately led to her assassination. | Prime Minister of India |
| A holder of this position gave the “Tryst with Destiny” speech. | Prime Minister of India |
| This office has been occupied by such leaders like Rajiv Gandhi, Indira Gandhi, and Jawaharlal Nehru. | Prime Minister of India |
| One of this ruler’s more bizarre pastimes involved the collection of deformed human fetuses in an effort to disprove the existence of monsters. | Peter the Great |
| This ruler’s navy saw its first major victory at the Battle of Gangut under the command of Admiral Apraksin, who had earlier suppressed the Bulavin Rebellion and served as his country’s first governor of Azov. | Peter the Great |
| This man imposed a tax on beards as part of his effort to reduce the power of the boyar nobility, one of his many westernizing reforms that were inspired by his “Grand Embassy” to Western Europe. | Peter the Great |
| This modernizing tsar of Russia founded a namesake Russian city. | Peter the Great |
| In one embarrassing incident, Pompey the Great was stranded outside of Rome before his triumph because he unwisely used four of these animals to pull his chariot instead of horses. | elephants |
| They are not camels, but these animals were often ridden into battle using mounted carriages called howdahs. | elephants |
| At the battle of Zama, Roman forces neutralized the efficacy of these animals by creating gaps in their line for them to pass through and blowing trumpets to make them stampede. | elephants |
| These large tusked animals were brought over the Alps by Hannibal. | elephants |
| The only picture of the first day of this event was a staged photo taken by Fred McDarrah. | Stonewall Riots |
| In response to this event, Allen Ginsberg stated that a certain group “lost the wounded look they had ten years ago.” | Stonewall Riots |
| Howard Smith and Lucian Truscott covered this event in The Village Voice, during which folk singer Dave Van Ronk was arrested by Seymour Pine. | Stonewall Riots |
| Protestors lit garbage on fire and mocked police by forming a kick line in this event, which began after police launched a surprise raid on a mafia-owned gay bar in Manhattan. | Stonewall Riots |
| This 1969 event is often cited as the birth of the Gay Rights movement. | Stonewall Riots |
| This country received less aid from Sultan Abdulmejid I after diplomats convinced him it was embarrassing another ruler. | Ireland |
| The “Gregory Clause” forced people in this country to relinquish all but a quarter acre to receive aid. | Ireland |
| During one crisis in this country, converts to Protestantism were known as “soupers.” | Ireland |
| Charles Trevelyan claimed that a crisis in this country was an “effective mechanism for reducing surplus population.” | Ireland |
| Robert Peel repealed the Corn Laws in response to an event in this country caused by the Phytophthora infestans fungus. | Ireland |
| This country suffered from a namesake Potato Famine. | Ireland |
| Michael Shaara’s The Killer Angels immortalizes one side’s actions at this battle, during which John Reynolds was killed while organizing the Iron Brigade. | Battle of Gettysburg |
| Daniel Sickles’ advance into an exposed position may have inadvertently turned the tide of this battle, during which Lewis Armistead’s brigade failed to hold a stone wall known as “The Angle” at what has been referred to as the “high water mark of the con | Battle of Gettysburg |
| This battle was where Pickett’s charge led to the utter defeat of the Confederate army in Pennsylvania, the bloodiest battle of the American Civil War. | Battle of Gettysburg |
| One of the best examples of one of these structures from Classical Greece is the Tunnel of Eupalinos on the island of Samos. | Aqueducts |
| Underground versions of these structures called Qanats were often used in classical Persia. | Aqueducts |
| The Siege of Tenochtitlan was won after Pedro de Alvarado destroyed one of these connected to Chapultepec Springs. | Aqueducts |
| The four “great” examples of these structures leading into a certain city were the Anio Novus, Anio Vetus, Marcia, and Claudia, which made use of filtering tanks and complex piping. | Aqueducts |
| These structures provide water for bathing and drinking and saw widespread use in ancient Rome. | Aqueducts |
| In 1971 this person’s body was found in Milan under the name “Maria Maggi.” | Eva Perón |
| This person promised Charles de Gaulle shipments of wheat during her “Rainbow Tour” of Europe. This woman met her husband during a charity event to benefit victims of an earthquake in San Juan. That husband later ran for the Vice Presidency in 1951 behind | Eva Perón |
| This woman was the subject of an Andrew Lloyd Webber musical that includes the song “Don’t Cry for Me Argentina.” | Eva Perón |
| This wife of Juan was the first lady of Argentina from 1946 until her death from cervical cancer at the age of 36. | Eva Perón |
| On the eve of revolution, this man’s political career began when he failed to lead a peasant militia to defend king Frederick William IV. | Otto Von Bismarck |
| Agreements negotiated by this man include the peace of Nikolsburg and the Convention of Gastein, which guaranteed the annexation of Schleswig-Holstein. | |
| This man negotiated the Triple Alliance with Russia and Austro-Hungary and fought against the influence of the Catholic Church’s in the “Kulturkampf,” but was later sacked by Kaiser Wilhelm II. | Otto Von Bismarck |
| This unifier of Germany had a famous WWII-Era battleship named after him. | Otto Von Bismarck |
| In a book by George Washington Plunkitt, a member of this organization described how it maintained power through “honest graft.” | Tammany Hall |
| This organization garnered support by shaving mens’ facial hair after they had voted, so that they could return to the voting booth. William Leggett’s Locofoco faction was created to oppose this entity. | Tammany Hall |
| This organization was often portrayed as a tiger by cartoonist Thomas Nast, and its power rapidly decreased after the rise of mayor Fiorello LaGuardia. | Tammany Hall |
| This corrupt political machine was once run by “Boss” Tweed, and it dominated New York politics in the late nineteenth century. | Tammany Hall |
| This man took thirty-six hours to deliver the Nutuk, which included a historical outline of his nation. | Mustafa Kemal Ataturk |
| This man led forces that repelled ANZAC at the Battle of Chunuk Bair. This man was succeeded as president by Ismet Inonu upon his death at Dolmabahce Palace. | Mustafa Kemal Ataturk |
| This leader of the Republican People’s Party rejected the Treaty of Sevres and negotiated the terms of the Treaty of Lausanne. | Mustafa Kemal Ataturk |
| Two focuses of this leader’s Six Arrow’s Ideology were the adoption of the Latin alphabet and a ban on wearing the fez. | Mustafa Kemal Ataturk |
| This founder of the Republic of Turkey has a name meaning “Father of the Turks.” | Mustafa Kemal Ataturk |
| The architect Senenmut designed this ruler’s namesake Mortuary Temple, an expansion to the Deir el-Bahri complex that was later defaced. | Hatshepsut |
| During this ruler’s reign, 31 live myrrh trees were brought back from the Land of Punt, the first major Egyptian trade expedition to go beyond the Horn of Africa. | Hatshepsut |
| This woman was the official co-regent of her stepson Thutmose III, who was only two when he came to power and destroyed many images of this ruler after succeeding her. | Hatshepsut |
| After her husband’s death, this woman often dressed like a man and wore false beards to lend credibility to her rule. | Hatshepsut |
| This 15th century BC pharaoh was the longest reigning woman in indigenous Egyptian history. | Hatshepsut |
| The alchemist Paracelsus reintroduced this commodity to Western Europe as an ingredient in the wonder-drug Theriac. | opium |
| William Jardine used his power gained from the trade of this commodity to propose his namesake “paper” to Lord Palmerston. | opium |
| Lancelot Dent and other traders of this commodity were forced to surrender their stores of it to Lin Zexu, who later destroyed 1,000 tons of this commodity at Humen. | opium |
| A war fought over illegal smuggling of this commodity was ended by the “unequal treaties” of the Bogue and Nanking. | opium |
| This poppy derived narcotic titles a pair of wars between Britain and China. | opium |
| A group that supported this cause used a white flag with a green triangle and the latin inscription “libertas quae sera tamen.” That group, the Inconfidencia, supported this cause and was opposed by the short-lived Confederation of the Equator. | Brazilian independence |
| José Bonifácio de Andrada mentored a leader of this cause who later removed his blue and white armbands at Ipiranga Brook to show his support of it. | Brazilian independence |
| One ruler sparked a movement supporting this political action by refusing to return to Portugal when summoned by his father Joao VI. | Brazilian independence |
| Dom Pedro I led this movement which led to the sovereignty of the largest country in South America. | Brazilian independence |
| Emile Driant died defending the Bois des Caures during the initial stage of this battle, which also saw the capture of Forts Vaux and Douaumont. | Battle of Verdun |
| General Erich von Falkenhayn believed it would force the enemy to “bleed itself white,” but trucks carrying supplies along the “Sacred Way” enabled the survival of the opposing force. | Battle of Verdun |
| The so-called “Lion” of this battle was future Vichy leader Phillippe Pétain, who restored national confidence in the capabilities of the French Army. | Battle of Verdun |
| This longest continuous battle of the First World War was a crucial French victory on the banks of the Meuse River. | Battle of Verdun |
| This man’s political career effectively ended after he lost a gubernatorial election to the little-known Morgan Lewis. | Aaron Burr |
| This man was later betrayed by the Governor of the Louisiana Territory, James Wilkinson, who claimed that this man intended to seize control of a large region in Spanish Texas. | Aaron Burr |
| James A. Bayard’s decision to cast a blank ballot in one election cost this man the presidency, and that election led to the passage of the Twelfth Amendment. | Aaron Burr |
| This 3rd Vice President of the United States fought a duel with Alexander Hamilton. | Aaron Burr |
| During the rule of this dynasty, the explorer Zhang Qian brought back news of pomegranates and powerful horses after exploring the Ferghana Valley and making contact with the Yuezhi people. That expedition was organized by this dynasty’s Emperor Wu, who s | Han Dynasty |
| It was brought to an end by the Yellow Turban Rebellion, and was founded in the aftermath of previous Qin dynasty by the rebel leader Liu Bang. | Han Dynasty |
| This long-reigning Chinese dynasty is the namesake of the largest ethnic group in China. | Han Dynasty |
| Although radically popular, this man refused an invitation to dine with dignitaries in Tyneside, England according to the Newcastle Courant. | Giuseppe Garibaldi |
| A military unit led by this man invaded Trentino and secured a decisive victory at the Battle of Bezzecca. | Giuseppe Garibaldi |
| This leader of the “Hunters of the Alps” allied with Brazil and the Colorados during a civil war in Uruguay, leading to his nickname (*) “Hero of the Two Worlds.” | Giuseppe Garibaldi |
| After victories at Volturnus and Milazzo, this man’s “Expedition of The Thousand” conquered Sicily and installed Victor Emmanuel II as King of his newly reunified nation. | Giuseppe Garibaldi |
| This leader of the “Red Shirts” helped unify Italy. | Giuseppe Garibaldi |
| A man wearing an obscene jacket criticizing this practice was the plaintiff in Cohen vs. California. | The Draft |
| This practice was opposed by the “Baltimore Four” and the “Catonsville Nine”, who poured blood over and burned certain objects. | The Draft |
| A massive series of riots over this practice in (*) 1863 leveled the Colored Orphan Asylum in Manhattan and forced Abraham Lincoln to call in state militias to restore order. | The Draft |
| Jimmy Carter pardoned people who avoided this practice by moving to Canada. | The Draft |
| Practice of forced conscription which can be illegally “dodged.” | The Draft |
| According to Herodotus, the slave Oerbares helped this ruler gain the throne by making his horse neigh after he exposed the conspiracy of the false Smerdis with six other nobles. | Darius I |
| That event and his restoration of order to the empire is affirmed by the Behistun Inscription, which claims he is the legitimate successor to Cambyses II. | Darius I |
| This man reorganized his empire into twenty satrapies and successfully defeated revolts in Babylon and Ionia after his ascension to the throne. Afterwards he dispatched Datis and Artaphernes to invade Greece where they were defeated at the Battle of Marat | Darius I |
| This Persian king was the father of Xerxes I. | Darius I |
| Supporters of this ruler defeated the Portuguese-backed Joanna “la Beltraneja” at the Battle of Toro, ending the succession crisis created by the death of Henry the Impotent. | Isabela of Castile |
| The Dominican Friar Tomás de Torquemada was for many years the personal advisor to this ruler, who authorized the anti-Semitic Alhambra Decree at his behest. | Isabela of Castile |
| The capture of Granada occurred during this queen’s reign, which ended the 780 year-long Reconquista. | Isabela of Castile |
| Along with her husband Ferdinand II, this queen sponsored Columbus’s voyages to the New World and began the Spanish Inquisition. | Isabela of Castile |
| First queen of a united Spain. | Isabela of Castile |
| When Jose Mujica signed legislation for this purpose into law in Uruguay, Mario Vargas Llosa hailed it as “courageous.” | legalization of marijuana |
| In March 2018, a bill for this cause, known as C-45, was passed by the Senate of Canada. | legalization of marijuana |
| Gonzales v. Reich was a 2005 Supreme Court case in response to Proposition 215, which performed this action in California. | legalization of marijuana |
| Attorney General Jeff Sessions rescinded the Cole Memorandum, restoring a federal attorney’s power to enforce federal law in states, where this action can be used for medicinal purposes. | legalization of marijuana |
| This action has been approved by ballot measures in eight states, allowing use and possession of a certain drug. | legalization of marijuana |
| This man’s handling of wartime efforts was attacked by Leo Amery, who quoted Oliver Cromwell when he told this man “In the name of God, go!” | Neville Chamberlain |
| This man wished for Lord Halifax to replace him after stepping down from one post. | Neville Chamberlain |
| The book Guilty Men lambasted this man’s promise of “peace for our time” after the Munich Agreement. | Neville Chamberlain |
| The Norway Debate ended this man’s political career, and he previously ceded the Sudetenland to Hitler. | Neville Chamberlain |
| This British Prime Minister was famous for his policy of “appeasement” and was succeeded by Winston Churchill. | Neville Chamberlain |
| During this battle, Frederika Riedesel tended to the wounded while under fire in the cellar of the Marshall House. | Battle of Saratoga |
| After losing his namesake redoubt in this battle, Heinrich Breymann was killed by his own men after attacking them with a saber. | Battle of Saratoga |
| Daniel Morgan’s riflemen obliterated enemy artillerymen at Freeman’s Farm in this battle. | Battle of Saratoga |
| Simon Fraser was killed by a sniper in this battle, during which Benedict Arnold broke his leg while taking Bemis Heights. | Battle of Saratoga |
| France decided to support the American Revolution following this battle at which Horatio Gates defeated John Burgoyne in upstate New York. | Battle of Saratoga |
| During one conflict in this country, one side claimed that 12,000 Muslims had been killed during the Philippeville Massacre. | Algeria |
| A civil war broke out in this country after the Islamic FIS party won a majority in the 1990 election. | Algeria |
| In World War II, during Operation Catapult, this present-day country’s port of Mers-el-Kebir was preemptively attacked by the British fleet to prevent the Vichy government from using the French fleet. | Algeria |
| This former French colony won its independence after the Évian Accords were signed by Charles de Gaulle and the FLN, and it is a North African country with a capital at Algiers. | Algeria |
| A peace treaty between this man and Nikephoros I allowed for the de facto independence of Venice. | Charlemagne |
| This man created a buffer zone known as the “Spanish March” between the Pyrenees and the Ebro River. | Charlemagne |
| This man ordered the beheading of 4500 pagans during a thirty-year campaign to convert the Saxons to Christianity in what is now known as the Massacre of Verden. | Charlemagne |
| Alcuin of York, a leading scholar of this man’s court in Aachen, spearheaded a “Renaissance” that shares its name with his dynasty. | Charlemagne |
| This Medieval Frankish ruler was crowned Holy Roman Emperor in 800 by Pope Leo III. | Charlemagne |
| In Swidler & Berlin v. United States, this man argued his only case before the Supreme Court as part of the investigation into Vince Foster’s suicide. | Brett Kavanaugh |
| In 2000, this man served as the pro bono counsel for six-year old Cuban refugee Elian Gonzalez, leading to his hiring as associate White House Counsel to George W. Bush. | Brett Kavanaugh |
| After a contentious confirmation, this man served as judge on the U.S. Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia Circuit for almost twelve years before the retirement of Justice Anthony Kennedy. | Brett Kavanaugh |
| In 2018, President Trump nominated this man to serve as an Associate Justice of the United States Supreme Court. | Brett Kavanaugh |
| William Claiborne repeatedly invaded this state in its early history in an effort to annex Kent Island. | Maryland |
| During the English Civil War, opposing factions fought the Battle of Severn in this state which was the site of the “Plundering Time.” | Maryland |
| One woman from this state, Elizabeth Ann Seton, was the first native born American to be canonized. | Maryland |
| This state’s namesake “Toleration Act” guaranteed religious freedom for Trinitarian Christians. | Maryland |
| This state was the Southernmost state in a boundary dispute resolved by Charles Mason and Jeremiah Dixon and has its capital at Annapolis. | Maryland |
| While living in Boston, this man claimed to have worked as a baker at the Parker House Hotel. | Ho Chi Minh |
| This man’s forces won a decisive battle that led to the passage of 1954 Geneva Accords. | Ho Chi Minh |
| Woodrow Wilson and other delegates ignored this man’s eight-point plan at the Versailles Conference. | Ho Chi Minh |
| After his country suffered a catastrophic famine, this man convinced emperor Bao Dai to abdicate. | Ho Chi Minh |
| This man defeated the French at the Battle of Dien Bien Phu with the help of general Vo Nguyen Giap during the First Indochina War. | Ho Chi Minh |
| Leader of the Viet Minh and founder of the Communist Party of Vietnam. | Ho Chi Minh |
| Masabumi Hosono became known as the “Lucky Japanese Boy” for surviving this event. | sinking of the Titanic |
| William Alden Smith’s investigation into this event claimed that Stanley Lord could have saved many of its victims. | sinking of the Titanic |
| Molly Brown demanded the rescue of survivors of this event, some of whom were eventually saved by the Carpathia. | sinking of the Titanic |
| Despite numerous warnings, J. Bruce Ismay refused to slow down the central vehicle of this event. | sinking of the Titanic |
| This event was exacerbated by an insufficient number of lifeboats and the delusion that a certain ship was “unsinkable.” | sinking of the Titanic |
| This deadly 1912 event occured when a passenger ship crashed into an iceberg. | sinking of the Titanic |
| This artist stated that “My father today is Werner Heisenberg” in his Anti-Matter Manifesto, part of his nuclear mysticist period. | Salvador Dalí |
| This artist painted a nude queen seated on a pedestal while a swan is suspended behind her in his Leda Atomica. | Salvador Dalí |
| Two tigers lunge out of the mouth of a fish toward this artist’s wife Gala in one painting, which features his frequent motif of spindly-legged elephants in the background. | Salvador Dalí |
| In one of this artist’s paintings, an orange stopwatch is covered with ants in the bottom left. | Salvador Dalí |
| A painting by this artists shows a bunch of clocks melting on a Catalonian beach. | Salvador Dalí |
| Spanish Surrealist painter of The Persistence of Memory. | Salvador Dalí |
| This deity’s soul was worshipped as the “soul of the ruler of the pillar” and was depicted as a ram. | Osiris |
| In one story, part of this deity’s body is eaten by an oxyrhyncus fish. | Osiris |
| This deity was syncretized with the Apis bull in a figure named Serapis. | Osiris |
| In one story, this god was found inside the trunk of a tree in Byblos by his wife, having earlier been sealed into a box with lead by his brother. | Osiris |
| This god’s wife briefly revived him in order to conceive Horus. | Osiris |
| The ruler of Duat, or the underworld, is this Egyptian god, the brother of Set and husband of Isis. | Osiris |
| Heinrich Biber wrote 15 Rosary Sonatas for this instrument, which highlight various sonorities made possible through scordatura. | violin |
| The 6th of Bach’s Bradenburg Concertos omits this instrument entirely, and the last movement from his 2nd partita for this instrument is often performed as a standalone piece, “Chaconne.” | violin |
| Giuseppe Tartini’s dream-inspired “Devil’s Trill” Sonata is written for this instrument. | violin |
| Twelce concertos for this instrument are found in Vivaldi’s The Contest Between Harmony and Invention. | violin |
| The four Seasons are concertos for this highest-pitched string instrument. | violin |
| In the first chapter of this Biblical book, four messengers report various calamities, each ending their report by saying “And I only am escaped alone to tell thee.” | Job |
| In this book, the line “Man is born to trouble as the sparks fly upward” is spoken by Eliphaz, a friend of the central character along with Bildad and Zophar. | Job |
| This book, which opens with a wager between God and Satan, includes an episode in which the title character is told by his wife to “curse God, and die” after he is afflicted with boils. | Job |
| God speaks to the title character from a whirlwind after testing his faith in this Biblical book which centers on a righteous suffering man. | Job |
| The artist of this painting depicted themselves looking at the viewer on this painting’s right next to a man holding a star-studded orb. | The School of Athens |
| This painting is adjacent to the painting The Parnassus and a setting of The Disputation in its location on the wall of a former library. | The School of Athens |
| A figure writing on a marble desk below this painting’s two main figures represents Heraclitus. | The School of Athens |
| Epicurus and Zeno read from a book on this painting’s right side, whil Diogenes reclines in front of two figures who gesture their different worldviews. | The School of Athens |
| This fresco in the Stanza della Segnature depicts a debate between Plato and Aristotle and was created by Raphael. | The School of Athens |
| The syncopated rhythm of the “Arietta” second movement of this composer’s final piano sonata was described by pianist Jeremy Denk as “proto-jazz.” | Ludwig van Beethoven |
| The word “Lebewohi” is written as split over the first three chords of a piano piece by this composer. | Ludwig van Beethoven |
| This composer of the Les Adieux Sonata wrote a C-sharp minor piano sonata whose “adagio sostenuto” first movement instructs the performer to hold down the damper pedal for its entirety and was likened by the critic Ludwig Rellstab to the reflection of the | Ludwig van Beethoven |
| Composer of the Moonlight Sonata. | Ludwig van Beethoven |
| This artist painted one of his own canvases in the background of a work depicting his father reading a newspaper, and he depicted the ruins of a castle in Château Noir. | Paul Cézanne |
| A man witnesses a reclining nude woman on her bed in this artist’s response to an earlier work by Édouard Manet titled A Modern Olympia. | Paul Cézanne |
| A man in a top hat smokes a cigarette while at a table with another man in one version of his painting The Card Players, and trees form a triangle that frames the title group of his painting The Large Bathers. | Paul Cézanne |
| French Post-Impressionist painter of still-lifes like Basket of Apples and many landscapes featuring Mont Sainte-Victoire. | Paul Cézanne |
| People deliver khutbas in one example of these structures called a jami. | mosques |
| Smaller versions of these structures are called musallas. Large arches called iwan are usually at the entrances of these locations, which people are supposed to enter with the right foot first. | mosques |
| These locations contain a platform for speaking known as a minbar. | mosques |
| Wearing shoes is prohibited in the main halls of these structures. | mosques |
| The adhan, or call to prayer, is given by muezzins at these locations, which have a wall called the mihrab, which marks the qiblah, or the direction to Mecca. | mosques |
| Places of worship in Islam. | mosques |
| This musical begins with someone whistling the notes G, C, F-sharp, forming a dissonant tritone motif that is used throughout. | West Side Story |
| A song in this musical claims that “suddenly that name / will never be the same / to me,” and is performed after “Mambo!” is sung at a dance. | West Side Story |
| In this musical, a dance-fighting scene choreographed by Jerome Robbins ends when Officer Krupke arrives. | West Side Story |
| At the end of this musical, Tony dies in Maria’s arms after being shot by a Puerto Rican gang member. | West Side Story |
| This Leonard Bernstein musical retells Romeo and Juliet as a gang war between the Sharks and the Jets in New York City. | West Side Story |
| In this painting, a smoking lamp sits atop a black metal pedestal, and a man in gray bows his head and sits on a stone black with the artist’s initials. | The Death of Socrates |
| A woman waves while ascending a staircase with two men at the end of a hallway in this painting’s background. | The Death of Socrates |
| Apollodorus clutches a wall in grief as a figure in this painting holds his head and extends a goblet to this painting’s central figure. | The Death of Socrates |
| That central figure calmly sits on his jail cell bed and points upward with his finger to console Crito and others before his death. | The Death of Socrates |
| This painting depicts the title Athenian philosopher preparing to drink hemlock, a work by Jacques-Louis David. | The Death of Socrates |
| A chain of putti fly up in the cloudt background of one depiction of this scene, where a few men blow into conch shells while two putti lay on a dolphin at the bottom. | The Birth of Venus |
| In addition to that depiction by William-Adolphe Bouguereau, another painting of this scene features a grove of orange trees yet to blossom at its right. | The Birth of Venus |
| In one depiction of this scene, Zephyrus blows wind towards a women while the Hora of Spring attempts to cover her with a pink cloth. | The Birth of Venus |
| In that painting, the central figure stands on top of a seashell and uses her orange hair to cover up her nudity. | The Birth of Venus |
| This scene painted by Botticelli shows the origin of a Roman love goddess. | The Birth of Venus |
| In one story, this figure makes a series of trade involving an ear of corn that ultimately result in him obtaining on hundred slaves. | Kwaku Anansi |
| This figure gains his most well-known form as punishment for killing a ram. | Kwaku Anansi |
| In another story, this figure captures a fairy using mashed yams and a doll. | Kwaku Anansi |
| After being taunted by his son, Ntikuma, this figure dropped a pot containing wisdom. | Kwaku Anansi |
| This figure exchanged Osebo the leopard, Onini the python, and the Mmboro hornets for all of the world’s stories from the sky god Nyame. | Kwaku Anansi |
| This West African trickster god, who is the inspiration for Brer Rabbit and commonly takes the form of a spider. | Kwaku Anansi |
| A work titled for one of these features is traditionally the 2nd encore of the Vienna Philharmonic’s New Year’s Concert. | river |
| The prelude to an opera partially titled for one of these features consists of a 136-measure E-flat drone. | river |
| The “Feierlich” fourth movement of a work titled for one of these objects was inspired by a ceremony for the new Archbishop of Colgne. | river |
| In the first opera in the Ring Cycle, the dwarf Alberich is teased by a group of “maidens” titled for one of these features. | river |
| One of these features titles Schumann’s third symphony. | river |
| The most famous waltz by Johann Strauss II depicts these bodies of water such as the Rhine and the Danube. | river |
| In a Roman legend, a woman named Tarpeia was crushed to death with some of thse objects belonging to the Sabines. | shields |
| Homer writes that one of these objects featured a hundred gold tassels and made a terrifying sound when shaken. | shields |
| According to Virgil, one of these objects belonging to Aeneas features an image of Octavian’s victory at Actium. | shields |
| Book 18 of the Illiad describes one of these objects that depicts a peaceful and warlike city. | shields |
| Athena gave Perseus a mirrored one of these objects to help him slay Medusa, after which her head was fixed on one of these objects called the aegis. | shields |
| Defensive objects used in battle. | shields |
| Technicians for this instrument might use a Fisk tuning knife. | pipe organ |
| Handel began writing concertos for this instrument as interludes for his oratorios and to demonstrate his virtuosity. | pipe organ |
| J.S. Bach allegedly walked to Lübeck to hear Dieterich Buxtehude play this instrument. | pipe organ |
| Heavy use of this instrument gives the nickname to Saint-Saëns’ 3rd symphony. | pipe organ |
| One piece for this keyboard instrument was the first to be played in Disney’s Fantasia, that piece is J.S. Bach’s Toccata and Fugue in D minor. | pipe organ |
| This keyboard instrument plays through pipes and is often found in churches. | pipe organ |
| This artist painted a group of cloth inspectors in a painting often used on the covers of cigar boxes. | Rembrandt van Rijn |
| In one portrait by this artist of Syndics of the Drapers’ Guild, the names of its commissioners appear on a shield in its background. | Rembrandt van Rijn |
| In that painting, a young girl is illuminated to the left of the central figures and carries a dead chicken. | Rembrandt van Rijn |
| A corpse’s left arm is studied by a group of doctors under Nicolaes Tulp in one of this artist’s group portraits. | Rembrandt van Rijn |
| This artist’s most famous painting shows Captain Frans Banning Cocq in front of his militia. | Rembrandt van Rijn |
| Dutch painter of The Anatomy Lesson and The Night Watch. | Rembrandt van Rijn |
| This god’s forms include the dog-riding Bhairava, who decapitated one of Brahma’s heads in response to his arrogance. | Shiva |
| After the god of love attempted to awake this god, he opened his third eye, incinerating Kama. | Shiva |
| This god married the daughter of Daksha Prajapati, whose rude behavior led her to self-immolate. | Shiva |
| This trident-wielding god is served by the bull Nandi. | Shiva |
| Depictions are used to worship this god’s dancer form as “lord of the dance,” or nataraja, and his phallic form, or lingam. | Shiva |
| This god’s children include Kartikeya and the elephant-headed Ganesha. | Shiva |
| This Hindu God’s consorts include Sato and Parvati, and he is the “destroyer” of the trimurti. | Shiva |
| One religious tradition from this country centers on the tenets of truthfulness, compassion, and forbearance. | China |
| Buddhism was introduced to this present-day country by Bodhidarma. | China |
| A text from this country discusses how rulers should govern via the principle of “action without action.” | China |
| A symbol from this country contests the dark, feminine side of nature with the bright, masculine side. | China |
| This country continues to persecute the Falun Gong religion. | China |
| This country is where the ancient master Laozi explained a concept called the Way, or Tao, which is represented with the yin-yang symbol. | China |
| This figure owned a dog named Sport that was accidentally cut in half and had its legs sewn on upside down. | Paul Bunyan |
| This figure is accompanied by a man who once saved twelve barrels of ink by not crossing his t’s or dotting his i’s and a team of one-ton ants that only eat Swedish Snuff. | Paul Bunyan |
| As a baby, this figure was so large he had to be delivered by a team of five storks. | Paul Bunyan |
| This figure legendarily created the Missouri River while mourning the loss of his most well-known companion, whom he had met during the “Year of the Blue Snow.” | Paul Bunyan |
| This figure created the Grand Canyon by dragging his axe. | Paul Bunyan |
| This giant lumberjack was accompanied by Babe the Blue Ox. | Paul Bunyan |
| The founder of this religion is the subject of biographies known as janamsakhis and emphasized the importance of repeating the name of this religion’s God, a practice known as Naam Japo. | Sikhism |
| The Golden Temple if the holiest of this religion’s places of worship, which are called gurdwaras. | Sikhism |
| Guru Nanal founded this religion, whose followers are most recognizable by their turbans. | Sikhism |
| In one work by this composer, a hectic allegro agitato section imitates a “streetcar raising into iron moan.” | Samuel Barber |
| One piece for soprano and orchestra by this composer opens by remarking “It has become the time of evening when people sit on their porches,” and sets a James Agee poem about childhood to music. | Samuel Barber |
| This composer’s partner Gian Carlo Menotti wrote the libretto for his opera Vanessa. | Samuel Barber |
| This composer of Knoxville: Summer of 1915 adapted the second movement of his String Quartet into a piece that was played during the radio announcement of Franklin Roosevelt’s death. | Samuel Barber |
| American composer of Adagio for Strings. | Samuel Barber |
| In one painting of this subject, he tucks an umbrella under his right arm as he stands over a cloudy mountain background. | Mao Zedong |
| One portrayal of this subject in a green coat has been printed over 900 million times. | Mao Zedong |
| This person’s alleged status as “the most famous man in the world” inspired one artist’s silkscreen series depicting this figure. | Mao Zedong |
| Andy Warhol paintings of this political figure are based on a portrait from one of his book covers. | Mao Zedong |
| A massive portrait of this figure hangs over the gate to Tiananmen Square. | Mao Zedong |
| First Chairman of the Communist Party of China. | Mao Zedong |
| This opera’s overture is structured like a four-movement symphony, with its first section marked “Prelude: Dawn.” | William Tell |
| At the beginning of this opera, Arnold refuses to participate in the Shepherd Festival, due to his longing for Mathilde. | William Tell |
| The main character of this opera directs his son to think of his mother in the aria “Sois immobile.” | William Tell |
| An english horn and flute exchange peaceful passages in the ranz des vaches in this opera’s overture, which ends with a section marked “March of the Swiss Soldiers.” | William Tell |
| An archer shoots an apple off of his son’s head in this opera by Gioacchino Rossini. | William Tell |
| This god is the subject of a massive epic by Nonnus, in which he attacks India after the death of his lover Ampelos. | Dionysus |
| This god causes the women of Argos to kill their children shortly after he marries Ariadne on Naxos. | Dionysus |
| This god’s first form, Zagreus, was slaughtered by the Titans. | Dionysus |
| This god was sewn into Zeus’s thigh after his mother was burned alive for looking at Zeus in his full splendor. | Dionysus |
| King Pentheus was dismembered by a group of female followers of this god, known as the Maenads. | Dionysus |
| This god gained his purview from a vine that grew from Ampelos’s grave. | Dionysus |
| Greek god of wine and partying. | Dionysus |
| Every movement of this composer’s Violin Concerto starts with the triple-stop, two-octave-spanning “Passport” chord. | Igor Stravinsky |
| In a ballet by this composer, the accents in the strings’ harsh repeated staccato F-flat and E-flat seventh polychords are mimicked by the young girls stomping on stage. | Igor Stravinsky |
| This composer portrayed the title character of another ballet using two simultaneous major triads a tritone apart. | Igor Stravinsky |
| This composer of Petrushka began another ballet with a very high bassoon solo, and that ballet by this composer led to riots at its premiere. | Igor Stravinsky |
| Russian composer of The Rite of Spring. | Igor Stravinsky |
| In an opera by this composer, the witch Ježibaba helps the title water sprite become human to pursue a prince, in exchange for her voice. | Antonin Dvorak |
| The call of a scarlet tanager is imitated in the third movement of this man’s 12th string quartet, while its first movement begins with an F major pentatonic viola solo. | Antonin Dvorak |
| One piece by this composer of Rusalka features a slow English horn solo in its second movement, which inspired the song “Goin’ Home.” | Antonin Dvorak |
| This composer’s most famous symphony was written during a trip to Spillville, Iowa. | Antonin Dvorak |
| Composer of the New World Symphony. | Antonin Dvorak |
| This figure gave a speech that urged listeners to realize that their body “is not [their] eternal soul” in order to discourage them from following their sensations. | Buddha |
| After one speech, five ascetic friends of this figure became the first arhats. | Buddha |
| This figure’s sermons include one in which he stated “all is burning,” and another in which he did not speak, but simply held up a flower. | Buddha |
| This man, whose teaching are collected in the Pali Canon, explained that one can escape from the eternal cycle of reincarnation, or samsara, by following the Eightfold Way and achieving enlightenment. | Buddha |
| This man is the namesake of a prominent Indian religion. | Buddha |
| This deity devised a plan to dress Thor as Freya to steal Mjolnir and also retrieved the necklace Brisingamen while in the form of a seal. | Heimdall |
| This owner of the sword Hofund and the golden maned horse Gulltoppr was sometimes known as Gullintani, a reference to his golden teeth. | Heimdall |
| While in the form of Rig, this deity created several social classes by fathering Thrall, Karl, and Jarl. | Heimdall |
| The daughters of Aegir may be the none mothers of this whitest of the Aesir, who will bow Gjallarhorn to signal Ragnarok, where he will kill and be killed by Loki. | Heimdall |
| Norse god who guards the bridge of Bifrost. | Heimdall |
| The stolen bottom corner of a page from this work had indicated that the “quam olim” fugue from its “Hostias” section was to be repeated. | Mozart’s Requiem in D-minor |
| The inverted theme of the “Introit” of this work was later found in a fragment of an “Amen” fugue, suggesting it was meant to be included in this work. | Mozart’s Requiem in D-minor |
| A bass soloist echoes an arpeggiated B-flat major trombone solo in the “Tuba Mirum” part of this piece. | Mozart’s Requiem in D-minor |
| After Joseph Eybler passed on completing this work, the task was then given to Franz Süssmayr. | Mozart’s Requiem in D-minor |
| The composer of this piece died after completing 8 measures of the “Lacrymosa” section. | Mozart’s Requiem in D-minor |
| Mass for the dead composed by Mozart. | Mozart’s Requiem in D-minor |
| Smoky angels hover at the top of one painting with this title, which features an aureola surrounding a figure clad in red and blue. | The Last Supper |
| A long-haired boy swoons towards an old man with a knife behind his back at the left of one depiction of this scene. | The Last Supper |
| A door was cut through the bottom of one depiction of this scene, blocking the view of the central figure’s feet. | The Last Supper |
| A lamp in the top left illuminates a diagonal version of this scene by tintoretto. | The Last Supper |
| Judas knocks over a salt cellar in rection to the central figure in one painting of this scene. | The Last Supper |
| Leonardo da Vinci showed twelve apostles eating in this scene depicting the final meal of Jesus. | The Last Supper |
| In this musical, an example of counting in “The Indian Tongue” is interrupted by a firecracker set by Tommy Djilas. | The Music Man |
| Teenagers in this musical interrupt a rehearsal for a contemplation on the Grecian Urn in order to sing “Shipoopi.” | The Music Man |
| The Wells Fargo wagon arrives at the end of Act I in this musical, whose main character is being tracked down by the anvil salesman Charlie Cowell. | The Music Man |
| This musical ends with a band poorly playing Beethoven’s Minuet in G, with the young Winthrop playing the cornet. | The Music Man |
| The song “Seventy-Six Trombones” comes from this musical about Harold Hill, a con artist who starts a kid’s band in River City, Iowa. | The Music Man |
| An F-A-flat harmonic third is played, then repeated an octave higher to open a 9/8 piano piece by this composer marked “Adante très expressif.” | Claude Debussy |
| The first movement of a piano suite by this composer is inspired by Javanese gamelan music. | Claude Debussy |
| This composer parodied the Tristan chord in a piece that depicts the dance of a black stuffed doll. | Claude Debussy |
| This composer of “Pagodas” included pieces like “Doctor Gradus ad Parnassum” and “Golliwog’s cake walk” in his Children’s Corner. | Claude Debussy |
| A famous piece by this composer is the third movement of his Suite Bergamasque and depicts moonlight. | Claude Debussy |
| French composer of “Clair de lune.” | Claude Debussy |
| In Acts, one of these animals hangs on Paul’s hand after he starts a fire, making the people believe he is a murderer. | snakes |
| In the Book of Numbers, Moses creates the Nehushtan, a brazen example of these animals, in order to cure the wounds caused by flying “fiery” versions of them. | snakes |
| In Exodus, the magicians of Pharaoh are stunned when Aaron’s rod and Moses’s staff turn into these animals when placed on the ground. | snakes |
| The actions of one of these creatures led to a man being cursed to work the land and a woman having painful childbirths. | snakes |
| One of these creatures tempted Eve to eat the Forbidden Fruit. | snakes |
| A rhomboid, dome, and tilted cone clad in aluminum constitute this architect’s design for the Macao Science Center. | Ieoh Ming Pei |
| This architect was inspired by the Ibn Tulun Mosque to design a Museum of Islamic Art in Doha, while a research center designed by this architect in Colorado was inspired by Anasazi cliff dwellings. | Ieoh Ming Pei |
| This architect of Mesa Laboratory received heavy criticism for a project whose main structure resembles the entrance to this architect’s Rock and Roll Hall of Fame. | Ieoh Ming Pei |
| One design by this man includes a glass-covered entrance to the Parisian art museum it sits in front of. | Ieoh Ming Pei |
| This architect of the Louvre Pyramid died in 2019. | Ieoh Ming Pei |
| A group of works by this composer written for the Grand Duke Paul of Russia includes a quartet nicknamed “The Joke.” | Franz Joseph Haydn |
| The symphony by this composer in the uncommon key of F-sharp minor has its performers blow out candles as they leave the stage. | Franz Joseph Haydn |
| The calm second movement of another symphony by this composer opens with the notes C-C-E-E-G-G-E. | Franz Joseph Haydn |
| This composer’s Emperor string quartet was adapted into the German national anthem, and the nickname of one work by this composer of the Farewell Symphony stems from a sudden G major chord. | Franz Joseph Haydn |
| This composer and “father” of the string quartet wrote the Surprise symphony. | Franz Joseph Haydn |
| This man turned the tables on an outlaw who pushed people off cliffs when they washed his feet by pushing the outlaw off a cliff to be eaten by a sea monster. | Theseus |
| This killer of Sciron also defeated a man who stretched people on a bed, Procrustes, while taking the land route to the city he ruled, Athens. | Theseus |
| This son of Aegus was given a ball of thread and a sword by his lover Ariadne so that he could find his way through Daedalus’s Labyrinth. | Theseus |
| The central action of this painting is modeled on Rphael’s Miraculous Draught of Fishes, and one figure in it is based on the pose of the Borghese Gladiator. | Watson and the Shark |
| This painting’s background features Morro Castle, which its artist included, despite never having visited Havana Harbor. | Watson and the Shark |
| Two men in white reach to the central figure of this painting, while a man with a harpoon prepares to thrust downwards. | Watson and the Shark |
| At the bottom of this painting, a nude blonde boy floating on the water is being lunged at by a fish that oddly has nostrils and lips. | Watson and the Shark |
| This painting by John Singleton Copley depicts a young sailor being attacked by an aquatic carnivore. | Watson and the Shark |
| A gigantic marble statue of a man with a chipped bronze shield dominates the right side of one painting from this art movement, which shows burning ships and bridges as a city is besieged. | Hudson River School |
| Fitz Lane was a member of an offshoot of this movement called Luminism. | Hudson River School |
| A series of five paintings from this movement shows the progress of civilization from The Savage State to Desolation and is entitled The Course of Empire. | Hudson River School |
| Paintings like The Oxbow exemplify the romantic landscapes championed by this movement. | Hudson River School |
| Frederic Edwin Church and Thomas Cole were members of this movement originally based in eastern New York. | Hudson River School |
| The painting Inn of the Dawn Horse depicts a hyena hanging out with Leonora Carrington, who fled to this country after World War II. | Mexico |
| Instead of painting a memorial portrait like she was commissioned to, one artist from this country depicted the entire gruesome suicide of the socialite Dorothy Hale. | Mexico |
| The blue house of the artist of What the Water Gave Me from this country was turned into an art museum. | Mexico |
| One artist from this country painted her spine as a crumbling column in a self-portrait after a bus accident and married the mural artist of Man at the Crossroads. | Mexico |
| This country is home to Diego River and Frida Kahlo. | Mexico |
| One figure from this country’s mythology was beheaded by Balor and had a silver arm, making him unfit to be high king of this country. | Ireland |
| A hero from this country instantaneously ages 300 years after dismounting the horse Enbarr, and was born to a woman who was turned into a deer. | Ireland |
| This country was the home of Nuada, as well as a hero who gains the ability to recall all of the knowledge in the world by sucking his thumb after burning it with oil from the Salmon of Knowledge. | Ireland |
| The bard Oisin is from this country, whose mythological hero Finn MacCool is said to have built the Giant’s Causeway. | Ireland |
| The finale to Felix Mendelssohn’s String Octet quotes one portion of this work. | Messiah |
| The librettist of this work wrote that he made the composer “correct some of the grossest faults.” | Messiah |
| Three arias in this work were rewritten for the castrato Gaetano Guadagni, including the bass aria “But who may abide.” | Messiah |
| The fourth scene of this work’s first act depicts shepherd bagpipers from ancient Rome, and is titled Pifa. | Messiah |
| King George II supposedly stood up during a passage from this piece featuring the line “he shall reign for ever and ever.” | Messiah |
| This oratorio by Georg Frideric Handel features the “Hallelujah” chorus. | Messiah |
| One member of this group, who isn’t Aegeus, died after his friend Kahedin sailed back with black sails up while carrying a woman whom that man had fallen in love with via a potion. | Knights of the Round Table |
| One member of this group ascended to heaven upon meeting Joseph of Arimathea, was given the ability to die whenever he chose, and was the only one able to sit in the Siege Perilous. | Knights of the Round Table |
| A third member of this group unwillingly slept with Elaine of Corbenic and went on a quest with Percival, but couldn’t complete it due to his relationship with his king’s wife, Guinevere. | Knights of the Round Table |
| This group’s members included Galahad and Lancelot, and it often went on quests for the Holy Grail. | Knights of the Round Table |
| The adagio second movement of Gerald Finzi’s concerto for this instrument quotes his choral work Lo, the full, final sacrifice. | Clarinet |
| This instrument enters with a three-octave descending jump in the second of Carl Maria von Weber’s two concertos for this instrument. | Clarinet |
| This instrument’s predecessor names this instrument’s lower “chalumeau” register, which was featured in an A-major concerto for this instrument written for Anton Stadler by Mozart. | Clarinet |
| A Paul Whiteman-commissioned work begins with this instrument playing a low trill, followed by a 17-note glissando. | Clarinet |
| This instrument plays the opening to Gershwin’s Rhapsody in Blue, a single-reed woodwind. | Clarinet |
| A nude red-haired woman lies curled up surrounded by a dark red fabric in this artist’s version of Danaë. | Gustav Klimt |
| Three murals symbolizing Medicine, Philosophy, and Jurisprudence were created by this artist for the Great Hall of his city’s university. | Gustav Klimt |
| A beastly Typhoeus and his daughters appear on the center wall of a long mural by this artist, inspired by the Ninth Symphony of its namesake composer. | Gustav Klimt |
| In this artist’s most famous painting, a woman kneels and is embraced by a man against a background of gold leaf. | Gustav Klimt |
| This Vienna Secession artist created Beethoven Frieze and The Kiss. | Gustav Klimt |
| Zaha Hadid used a “double pebble” design for one of these structures on the Pearl River in Guangzhou. | opera house |
| One structure of this type uses two gold statues of a triumphant angel on its top left and right corners and features a ceiling mural by Marc Chagall. | opera house |
| The “ribs” of one of these facilities support an array of over one million glazed ceramic tiles. | opera house |
| Paris’s Palais Garnier and Milan’s La Scala are both facilities of this type. | opera house |
| An iconic one of these buildings located next to a harbor was designed by Jørn Utzon. | opera house |
| A set of concentric white shells is used in Sydney’s example of this type of performing center where musical dramas are performed. | opera house |
| This practice is known as ta’anit in Jewish tradition and is performed on such days as Asara B’Tevet and Tisha B’Av. | fasting |
| Pentecostalists undergo an extreme “black” form of this practice, which is performed on the first Sunday of the month by many Mormons. | fasting |
| During one period, this practice is begun at the time of suhur. | fasting |
| One period of this practice is brought to an end by Eid al-Fitr and is broken every day by the iftar. | fasting |
| In Islam, the holy “pillar” of sawm involves this practice performed during the day during Ramadan, which involves not eating or drinking. | fasting |
| One painting by this artist depicts a girl with a red hat and black coat seated behind her sibling, both of whom are in front of a vine covered metal railing. | Pierre-Auguste Renoir |
| In one work by this artist, a group of socialites stands in front of a dancing crowd under white chandeliers at Montmartre. | Pierre-Auguste Renoir |
| A painting by this artist of Two Sisters shows Gustave Caillebotte sitting under a red and white awning. | Pierre-Auguste Renoir |
| In one painting by this artist, a woman holding up a small dog is among a group of people drinking and socializing on a balcony overlooking the Seine. | Pierre-Auguste Renoir |
| This French Impressionist artist created Dance at Le Moulin de la Galette and Luncheon of the Boating Party. | Pierre-Auguste Renoir |
| A painting by this artist that depicts two upright totems is titled Male and Female and explores Jung’s idea of the anima and animus. | Jackson Pollock |
| This artist's early painting Going West was heavily influenced by his teacher Thomas Hart Benton, and he was photographed while painting by Hans Namuth. | Jackson Pollock |
| This artist embedded nails and cigarette butts into the canvas of one work, which is titled afer a line from The Tempest. | Jackson Pollock |
| This arist created Full Fathom Five and Lavender Mist, though most of his actions paintings were left untitled. | Jackson Pollock |
| This abstract expressionist’s method of flinging paint onto the canvas earned him the nickname “Jack the Dripper.” | Jackson Pollock |
| A foundation text for this religion is made up of a text written by Robert Athyli Rogers, along with a Royal Parchment Scroll and Leonard Howell’s Promise Key. | Rastafarianism |
| In order to maintain a life force known as livity, adherents of this religion eat a special vegetarian diet known as I-tal. | Rastafarianism |
| The Holy Piby is a major text of this religion, whose followers are separated into “mansions” such as Bobo Ashanti. | Rastafarianism |
| A prayer to Jah is often delivered while members of this religion smoke cannabis. | Rastafarianism |
| Dreadlocks are often grown by practitioners of this religion which reveres Haile Selassie and is mostly practiced in Jamaica. | Rastafarianism |
| An artwork featuring this group uses a 5 by 4 grid with each space filled by a photograph of a member of the group making a silly face. | The Beatles |
| In one work, this group stands in blue smocks and spells out a nonsense word in semaphore. | The Beatles |
| 57 cut-out figures appear behind this group, whose members are dressed in multi-colored uniforms, in an artwork displaying their name in flowers below a bass drum. | The Beatles |
| A picture depicting the four members of this group walking across the street outside their recording studio was used as the cover of their penultimate album. | The Beatles |
| The band behind Sgt. Pepper’s Lonely Hearts Club Band and Abbey Road. | The Beatles |
| The inside-out style of Bowleism characterizes an insurance building in this city designed by Richard Rogers. | London |
| Norman Foster designed a distinctive ellipsoid skyscraper at 30 St Mary Axe in this city. | London |
| One building in this city, whose curved shape reflected deadly light rays, is known as the Walkie-Talkie. | London |
| Renzo Piano designed a 95-story tower in this home of The Gherkin. | London |
| Height restrictions preserve the view of one building in this city that was designed by Christopher Wren after an earlier one was destroyed in a 1666 fire. | London |
| This city is home to The Shard and St. Paul’s Cathedral, as well as the royal residence at Buckingham Palace. | London |
| This composer collaborated with Lejaren Hiller on a multimedia work for harpsichord. | John Milton Cage, Jr. |
| This composer wrote a series of Number Pieces named for the number of performers involved. | John Milton Cage, Jr. |
| One performance of a work by this composer will be finally completed in 2640. | John Milton Cage, Jr. |
| David Tudor premiered a work by this composer of As Slow as Possible that was divined using the I Ching. | John Milton Cage, Jr. |
| This man’s Sonatas and Interludes involve the use of rubber bands and screws to “prepare” a piano, while 12 radios are used in his Imaginary Landscape No. 4. | John Milton Cage, Jr. |
| This American composer wrote a work in which a pianist sits in silence for the title duration of 4 Minutes, 33 Seconds. | John Milton Cage, Jr. |
| A countermelody borrowed from Franz Waxman’s fantasy on an opera by this composer is often inserted by soloists into the second movement of Pablo de Sarasate’s fantasy of the same name. | Georges Bizet |
| One work by this composer quotes the March of the Kings and was written as incidental music for Alphonse Daudet’s play L’Arlesienne. | Georges Bizet |
| The aria “Au fond du temple saint” is sung by Nadir and Zurgra in this man’s opera The Pearl Fishers. | Georges Bizet |
| In one opera by this composer, the title character compares love to a rebellious bird. | Georges Bizet |
| In one opera by this composer, Escamillo sings the Toreador Song and is killed by Don José for his love of the title Gypsy. | Georges Bizet |
| Composer of Carmen. | Georges Bizet |
| The extracanonical Gospel of James describes how this figure was raised by an angel in a temple for 12 years. | The Virgin Mary |
| This figure is the dedicatee of four of the twelve Great Feasts in Eastern Orthodox tradition. | The Virgin Mary |
| The German hymn “Lo, how a rose e’er blooming” is dedicated to this figure, who is also the subject of the Magnificat. | The Virgin Mary |
| This figure, who is called Theotokos in the Eastern Orthodox Church, is invoked using a necklace of beads called a rosary, during which people say a prayer calling this figure “full of grace.” | The Virgin Mary |
| This woman is the subject of the Immaculate Conception doctrine and mother of Jesus. | The Virgin Mary |
| This deity was often though by ancient writers, such as Artapanus of Alexandria, to have been incarnated as Moses. | Thoth |
| In one tale, this deity sends seven scorpions to protect Isis, and in another, this deity helps heal Horus after he is stung by a different scorpion. | Thoth |
| In Greek times, this god was syncretized with Harmes in the form of Hermes Trismegistus and had a cult center at Hermopolis. | Thoth |
| To help Nut give birth, this god played senet against Khonsu and won 5 days worth of additional light. | Thoth |
| This god, who assists Anubis in weighing the hearts of the dead, has a beak that represents the crescent moon. | Thoth |
| Ibs-headed Egyptian god of magic, writing, and knowledge. | Thoth |
| At the beginning of one work in this genre, four cellos and two violas play the hymn “O Lord, Save Thy People,” and that work in this genre later features a solo woodwind rendition of the folk song “U Vorot.” | overture |
| English horn and viola introduce the “love theme” in a “fantasy” work of this type named for Romeo and Juliet. | overture |
| A work in this genre features a musical duel between the “Marseillaise” and “God Save the Czar.” | overture |
| One piece of this type used cannon fire at its premiere to depict the Battle of Borodino. | overture |
| Tchaikovsky wrote a piece named for 1812 in this musical genre traditionally played at the head of a program. | overture |
| In one story, this goddess turned the Meleagrids into guinea hens to ease their grief and took them to Leros, one of this Greek goddess’s worship centers. | Artemis |
| After angering this goddess, Agamemnon was forced to sacrifice his daughter Iphigenia. | Artemis |
| Two sons of Poseidon named Otus and Ephialtes wished to marry this goddess and Hera, respectively, after which this goddess caused the two to kill each other after transforming into a deer. | Artemis |
| After being discovered bathing, this goddess turned Actaeon into a stag. | Artemis |
| The daughters of Niobe were killed by this Greek goddess of the hunt who was the twin sister of Apollo. | Artemis |
| A lamb shank bone called the zeroah is prepared for this holiday, along with foods such as beitzah and karpas. | Passover |
| A ritual hand washing called the Urchatz is part of an event for this holiday that takes 15 steps and involves drinking four cups of wine. | Passover |
| Instead of marking their doors with lamb’s blood as they did in the bible, participants of this holiday remove the chametz, or unleavened bread, from their house. | Passover |
| The fourth day of this holiday is often celebrated by husbands giving gifts to their wives and is known as Annalut or Padwa. | Diwali |
| The climax of this festival occurs on the 15th of Kartik and often sees the setting off of firecrackers. | Diwali |
| This holiday, which signals the start of the new financial year, celebrates the return to Ayodhya of the hero Rama and his wife Sita. | Diwali |
| This festival honors the goddess of wealth, Lakshmi, and generally falls during October or November. | Diwali |
| During this festival, lamps called diyas are lit. | Diwali |
| This five-day Hindu festival and holiday is nicknamed the “festival of lights.” | Diwali |
| Riccardo Drigo’s revision of this ballet moves a section for Two Merrymakers to the third act. | Swan Lake |
| Companies performing this ballet traditionally replace the character Benno with a jester or remove him altogether. | Swan Lake |
| The coda of a pas de deux in this ballet features a series of 32 virtuosic fouettés for the evil sorceress Odile, who is played by the same dancer as this ballet’s heroine but wears black instead. | Swan Lake |
| In this ballet, Siegfried chooses to die with his love, breaking the spell of von Rothbart. | Swan Lake |
| This ballet by Tchaikovsky sees Odette cursed to take the form of a white bird. | Swan Lake |
| This passage asks the audience to ponder how the “fowls of the air” and “lilies of the field” flourish without toil in assuring them they will be provided for, and thus should bear “no thought for the morrow.” | Sermon on the Mount |
| Near the end of this passage, the speaker says that a house built on sand will fall, unlike one built on stone. | Sermon on the Mount |
| This passage warns against false prophets that provide “figs from thistles,” and warns not to “judge, lest ye be judged.” | Sermon on the Mount |
| This speech, which introduces the Lord’s Prayer, includes “blessed are the meek, for they shall inherit the earth” as one of its four Beatitudes. | Sermon on the Mount |
| This speech was given by Jesus in the Book of Matthew while on top of a hill. | Sermon on the Mount |
| This composer included “Isfahan” and “Ad Lib on Nippon” in his Fear East Suite. | Duke Ellington |
| This man’s career was revived by a performance of his “Diminuendo and Crescendo in Blue” at the Newport Jazz Festival. | Duke Ellington |
| This man’s “East St. Louis Toodle-Oo” exemplified his style of “jungle music,” and his Carnegie Hall debut featured a symphony depicting African-American history entitled Black, Brown, and Beige. | Duke Ellington |
| This man performed songs like “Mood Indigo” at the Cotton Club, and he popularized a song by Billy Strayhorn that describes a route to Sugar Hill. | Duke Ellington |
| This pianist was famous for the jazz standard “Take the ‘A’ Train.” | Duke Ellington |
| Catholic martyrs can undergo a “blood” form of this practice if they die before doing it. | baptism |
| The Theologian Huldrich Zwingli believed that this practice was symbolic, and therefore not necessary. | baptism |
| This practice, which has alternative forms like aspersion and affusion, has controversially been performed on the dead by Mormons. | baptism |
| Many sects of Christianity developed from believing that doing this practice on infants meant nothing, because the infants don’t know if they believe in God, and are thus called “Ana-” this practice.. | baptism |
| This admission rite of Christianity almost always involves water. | baptism |
| An ethereal solo for this instrument, entitled Portrait of Tracy, was written by a musician who played one of these instruments “of Doom.” | bass |
| This instrument plays a call-and-response with the piano at the beginning of So What. | bass |
| The song Goodbye Pork Pie Hat was written by a player of this instrument for an album titled [himself] Ah Um. | bass |
| Jaco Pastorius was a pioneer of the electric type of this instrument, while its upright type was played by Paul Chambers and Charles Mingus. | bass |
| This instrument forms a classic jazz trio with drums and piano. | bass |
| This low-pitched instrument is played by plucking or slapping its strings. | bass |
| The artist of this work added a stone to the figure of a Fallen Caryatid, and one depiction of two of its prominent figures is titled Eternal Springtime. | The Gates of Hell |
| The sculptures Crouching Woman and Falling Man form the Baudelaire-inspired I am beautiful in this work. | The Gates of Hell |
| One scene in this work shows Ugolino eating his sons, and the top of this work contains a set of figures with joined fists, The Three Shades. | The Gates of Hell |
| Figures in this work include the couple Paolo and Francesca, who are depicted in The Kiss, and a pensive figure who may represent Dante, The Thinker. | The Gates of Hell |
| This sculptural group by Auguste Rodin was inspired by the Inferno. | The Gates of Hell |
| One part of this book contains a unique section that compares the spread of the kingdom of God to the unchecked growth of a farmer’s seed. | Gospel of Mark |
| The two-source hypothesis says that this book and the lost “Q source” were used as the basis of two other texts. | Gospel of Mark |
| This book opens with a voice crying in the wilderness to “make the paths straight” for the lord. | Gospel of Mark |
| Midway through this book’s sixteenth and final chapter, Salome, Mary Magdalene, and the Virgin MAry hear of the resurrection. | Gospel of Mark |
| This gospel is named for the patron saint of Venice, and uniquely does not include a birth narrative of Jesus. | Gospel of Mark |
| Shortest of the four synoptic gospels. | Gospel of Mark |
| A composer from this country wrote Internet Symphony: ‘Eroica’ for the YouTube Symphony Orchestra project. | China |
| A “flute theme” titled for this country is featured in Paul Hindemith’s Symphonic Metamorphosis of Themes by Weber. | China |
| An instrumentalist from this country played the Maple Leaf RAg and “Chopsticks” on The Tonight Show in 2019 as a promotion for his album Piano Book. | China |
| Two composers from this country wrote the Butterfly Lovers Violin Concerto, which is often played on traditional instruments like the erhu. | China |
| Home country of pianist Lang Lang and composers Tan Dun and He Zhanhao. | China |
| Lead the coalition against Mad Anthony Wayne. | Blue Jacket |
| Battle of Fallen Timbers was in Toledo in this state. | Ohio |
| Part of the Mediterranean Sea east of Italy. | Adriatic Sea |
| Finish composer of Finlandia. | Sibelius |
| Eats six people in The Odyssey. | Syla |
| Formed the Ninety-Nines. | Amelia Aerhart |
| Leopold II started on expedition to find the mouth of this river. | Congo River |
| Dali Lama is the exiled leader of this disputed region between China and India. | Tibet |
| Soviet Republic that has made a largely unrecognized claim for independence. | Georgia |
| This country was known as the Dutch East Indies. | Indonesia |
| French artist of The Yellow Christ. | Paul Gaugain |
| This action was perpetrated on George White of Wilmington, Delaware in 1903. | lynching |
| Eleven Italians were victims of this action in 1891, sparking a diplomatic incident. | lynching |
| Ida B. Wells published an exposé on this action, which was crhonicled by the Department of Records and Archives at the Tuskegee Institute. | lynching |
| In 1991, Clarence Thomas quipped that the Anita Hill hearing represented a “high tech” one of these actions, and a 14-year-old Emmett Till lost his life to this action in 1955. | lynching |
| This form of extrajudicial killing often targeted African Americans in the Jim Crow South. | lynching |
| This artist’s painting of a pineapple bud was created for a Dole ad campaign. | Georgia O’Keeffe |
| This artist’s paintings of New York at night include depictions of the Shelton Hotel and the Radiator Building. | Georgia O’Keeffe |
| Other landscapes by this artist include rocky paintings of the “Black Place” and the “White Place” near her home in Abiquiu. | Georgia O’Keeffe |
| This painter’s Ram’s Head, White Hollyhock Hills is one of her many paintings of flowers and skulls, some of which, likeInside Red Canna, are said to evoke female genitalia. | Georgia O’Keeffe |
| The female artist lived and worked with her husband Alfred Stieglitz in New Mexico. | Georgia O’Keeffe |
| This man planned to move to America if the Grand Remonstrance didn’t pass. | Oliver Cromwell |
| Rising to prominence in the Eastern association army, this man later ruled through the Instrument of Government and the Humble Petition and Advice. | Oliver Cromwell |
| After the resignation of Sir Thomas Fairfax, this man assumed overall command of the New Model Army in which he won major victories over cavalier forces at Preston, Dunbar, and Worcester. | Oliver Cromwell |
| Nicknamed “Old Ironsides,” this man crushed the Irish Confederacy and sanctioned the execution of King Charles I. | Oliver Cromwell |
| This Lord Protector was primary ruler of the Commonwealth of England. | Oliver Cromwell |
| The south wall of this building depicts scenes from the Lapith Wedding. | Parthenon |
| Jacques Carrey created numerous detailed sketches of this building before much of it was ruined in a 1678 bombardment. | Parthenon |
| Notable marble sculptures from this doric temple were removed by the Earl of Elgin and are now housed in the British Museum. | Parthenon |
| Certain “marbles” were sculpted by Phidias, who also crafted the frieze of this building and a massive gold and ivory statue of this temple’s dedicatee. | Parthenon |
| This great temple to Athena is found atop the Acropolis in Athens. | Parthenon |
| Faustin I established an empire in this country before being toppled by Fabre Geffrard. | Haiti |
| Vincent Oge was executed for leading an uprising of mixed-race inhabitants in this territory who “Black Jacobins” were described by C.L.R. James. | Haiti |
| One major event in this nation began with the Bois Caiman ceremony and saw the destruction of dozens of sugar plantations. | Haiti |
| The Leclerc Expedition sought to reinstate French rule over this country, but was decimated by yellow fever and defeated by Jean-Jaques Dessalines. | Haiti |
| This caribbean nation won independence through a successful slave revolt led by Toussaint L’Ouverture. | Haiti |
| One deity in this religion owns a jewel that can control the tide. | Shinto |
| In one myth from this religion, a deity crushes the bones of a jellyfish. | Shinto |
| Two deities of this religion created a leech child after the female deity spoke first during a reproduction dance. | Shinto |
| A goddess in this religion hid in a cave after her brother destroyed all of her rice fields in a fit of rage. | Shinto |
| The goddess Amaterasu is the sun god of this religion, while her brother Susanoo is the god of storms. | Shinto |
| Kami are the deities of this ethnic religion of Japan. | Shinto |
| Ethan the Ezrahite wrote the 89th section of this book which states “I will establish your line forever and make your throne firm through all generations.” | Psalms |
| Part of this book is attributed to Asaph, and the term mazmor denotes parts of this book that are meant to be sung. | Psalms |
| One speaker in this book of the Bible states that “my cup runneth over” and “thy rod and thy staff they comfort my.” | Psalms |
| The 23rd in this poetic book of the Bible, which is often attributed to David, declares “the Lord is my shepherd.” | Psalms |
| An orchestral work by this man includes “Clouds,” Festivals,” and “Sirenes” sections. | Achille-Claude Debussy |
| This man wrote a work based on a Maeterlinck play that details a love triangle involving Prince Golaud. | Achille-Claude Debussy |
| In addition to his three Nocturnes, this composer dedicated a work to his daughter which includes the movement “Golliwog’s Cakewalk” and is entitled Children’s Corner Suite. | Achille-Claude Debussy |
| This man’s most famous opera is Pelles et Melisande and a Stephen Mallarme poem inspired him to write one work that opens with a descending chromatic flute solo depicting the titular faun. | Achille-Claude Debussy |
| French composer of 24 Preludes and Clair de Lune. | Achille-Claude Debussy |
| The Friendship Games were organized in the aftermath of one instance of this action. | boycotting the Olympics |
| In 1956, Spain, the Netherlands, and Switzerland performed this action to protest the destruction of the Hungarian Revolution. | boycotting the Olympics |
| In 1976, Taiwan took this action over a name-related controversy while 26 African countries also performed this action after the New Zealand national rugby team toured South Africa. | boycotting the Olympics |
| After the U.S. and 61 other countries performed this action in 1980, 16 Soviet-aligned countries responded by taking this action in 1984. | boycotting the Olympics |
| This action involves a nation skipping a certain quadrennial sporting event. | boycotting the Olympics |
| The Denkard contains information about one sect of this religion. | Zoroastrianism |
| When an adherent of this religion dies, their soul is taken to either the House of Song or the House of Lies after crossing the Chinvet Bridge. | Zoroastrianism |
| In this religion, dead bodies are often placed on Towers of Silence, and adherents of this religion worship at fire temples. | Zoroastrianism |
| The sacred text of this religion is called the Avesta. | Zoroastrianism |
| This religion centers around the conflict between the god Ahura Mazda and the evil spirit Ahriman, and it is named after an ancient Persian prophet. | Zoroastrianism |
| Apollodorus of Damascus criticized the size of statues in a temple designed by this man. | Hadrian |
| This notable philhellene created the Panhellenion League of city-states, and early in this man’s reign he executed four consuls including Lucius Quietus. | Hadrian |
| This emperor sponsored the cult of his deceased lover Antinous who drowned while with this man on one of his many travels. | Hadrian |
| This husband of Vibia Sabina controversially evacuated most of the territory seized by his predecessor Trajan. | Hadrian |
| This third of the Five Good Emperors built a namesake wall in Britain. | Hadrian |
| This battle was preceded by St. Leger’s expedition and the Battle of Bennington. | Battle of Saratoga |
| Ebenezer Learned and Enoch Poor commanded troops in this battle, during which George and James Clinton’s diversionary attacks proved fruitless. | Battle of Saratoga |
| An uncredited statue of a boot commemorates one hero of this battle, in which Timothy Murphy fatally wounded Simon Fraser. | Battle of Saratoga |
| Bloody fighting at Bemis Heights and Freeman’s Farm in this battle forced the surrender of 6,000 starving British soldiers led by “Gentleman Johnny” Burgoyne. | Battle of Saratoga |
| This 1777 American victory is credited with turning the tide in the Revolutionary War. | Battle of Saratoga |
| The Mycenaean “house sanctuaries” are thought to have been dedicated to this deity. | Hera |
| This figure turned Tiresias into a woman when he struck a pair of snakes with a stick. | Hera |
| This deity offered Hebe to Heracles as his bridge, and Nephele was created to resemble this deity. | Hera |
| This goddess offered Paris control over all of Europe and Asia, and she indirectly caused Semele to burst into flames. | Hera |
| Heracles killed two snakes that were sent by this goddess to kill him because she was jealous. | Hera |
| This wife of Zeus was chief goddess of the Greek pantheon. | Hera |
| Attempts to weaken this government included the Battle of Dakar and the Attack on Mers-el-Kebir. | Vichy France |
| The Vel’ d’Hiv raids were carried out by this state’s paramilitary wing, the Milice, and this state’s creation was opposed by 80 members of Parliament including Leon Blum. | Vichy France |
| This government embraced the motto “Work, Family, Fatherland,” and maintained the infamous Gurs and Drancy interment camps. | Vichy France |
| Succeeding the Third Republic, this state was led by Pierre Laval and Philippe Petain. | Vichy France |
| This Nazi puppet government ruled France during World War II. | Vichy France |
| The orange tree in the background of this painting has not yet produced fruit, symbolizing the potential of this work’s main figure. | The Birth of Venus |
| Charles Mack controversially described this painting as a piece of Medici propaganda, and the action of this painting likely occurs on the island of Cythera. | The Birth of Venus |
| The nymph Chloris is being carried toward the central figure of this painting by the wind god Xephyr. | The Birth of Venus |
| On the right side of this painting, the goddess Pomona holds a billowing orange cloth. | The Birth of Venus |
| This painting by Sandro Botticelli depicts a nude goddess rising out of the ocean on a seashell. | The Birth of Venus |
| This empire was chronicled by the diplomat Megasthenes, who commented on its respect for foreigners. | Mauryan Empire |
| This empire overthrew the Magadhan Kingdom, and the Arthashastra was compiled by Chanakya during its early years. | Mauryan Empire |
| Succeeded by the Shunga Dynasty, this empire repulsed an invasion from the burgeoning Seleucid Empire, and art from this empire often featured four lions. | Mauryan Empire |
| The greatest ruler of this empire famously converted to Buddhism in penance for his initiation of the Kalinga War. | Mauryan Empire |
| This sprawling empire of Ashoka and Chandragupta was the largest in Indian history. | Mauryan Empire |
| This work incorporates music from a traditional circle dance called “Khorobod” in its “Rounds” section. | The Rite of Spring |
| This work features syncopated E-flat dominant seventh chords in one section and later transitions to the “Procession of the Sage.” | The Rite of Spring |
| Several Lithuanian folk songs are quoted in this work’s first part entitled “Adoration of the Earth” which opens with a bassoon playing above high C. | The Rite of Spring |
| Chords spelling out the word “dead” follow a scene entitled “Sacrificial Dance” in this ballet where a girl’s neck is snapped during a pagan ritual. | The Rite of Spring |
| This ballet written by Igor Stravinsky caused a riot at its Paris premiere. | The Rite of Spring |
| This artist’s Russian Schoolroom shows young students looking at a bust of Vladimir Lenin, while his The Rookie depicts the Red Sox locker room. | Norman Rockwell |
| The letters “KKK” and a racial slur appear behind Ruby Bridges in one of this artist’s works which reacts to New Orleans school desegregation and is entitled The Problem We All Live With. | Norman Rockwell |
| A woman serves a turkey dinner in this man’s Freedom from Want, part of his “Four Freedoms” series. | Norman Rockwell |
| This 20th century American artist painted many scenes of everyday life as covers for the Saturday Evening Post. | Norman Rockwell |
| This man’s early education was overseen by the philosopher Simon Rodriguez. | Simon Bolivar |
| Though he swore never to remarry after his wife’s early death, this statesman carried on notable affairs with Pepita Machado and Manuela Saenz. | Simon Bolivar |
| After returning several times from exile, this man secured the independence of New GRanada before effectively freeing his home country at the Battle of Carabobo. | Simon Bolivar |
| This author of the “Cartagena Manifesto” famously conferenced with Jose de San Martin at Guayaquil, and he founded but failed to preserve the nation of Gran Colombia. | Simon Bolivar |
| This creole Venezuelan revolutionary nicknamed “The Liberator.” | Simon Bolivar |
| According to the Old Testament, Zipporah performed this action on Eliezer so that she could prevent Moses from killing him. | circumcision |
| This action is called khitan in Islam, and Leo Allatius asserted that the product of performing this action on Jesus created the Rings of Saturn. | circumcision |
| God orderedAbraham to perform this action on himself the males in his household when Abraham was 99 years old, and in modern times this procedure is typically performed by a mohel. | circumcision |
| This practice of cutting off a male’s foreskin is generally performed shortly after birth. | circumcision |
| This man sculpted busts of an angelic woman and a screaming man entitled Blessed Soul and Damned Soul. | Gianlorenzo Bernini |
| This man, who sculpted David in the process of throwing a stone, also depicted Pluto digging his fingers into the flesh of a girl in The Rape of Proserpina. | Gianlorenzo Bernini |
| This artist depicted the Nile, the Danube, the Rio de La Plata, and the Ganges in his Fountain of the Four Rivers, while his most famous sculpture depicts a saint on her knees with an angel pointing a spear at her. | Gianlorenzo Bernini |
| This baroque Italian sculptor created The Ecstasy of Saint Teresa. | Gianlorenzo Bernini |
| This man was credited by Thomas Malthus for establishing the basics of demography. | Benjamin Franklin |
| James Ralph stole this man’s identity, so this man attempted to seduce Ralph’s girlfriend. | Benjamin Franklin |
| This man created a social club called the Junto while working at Keimar’s print shop. | Benjamin Franklin |
| This man maintained a common law marriage with Deborah Reed and illegitimately fathered New Jersey’s last royalist governor. | Benjamin Franklin |
| This Pennsylvania native wrote extensively under pseudonyms like Mrs. Silence Dogood and Richard Saunders, and also studied such topics as traction kiting and electricity. | Benjamin Franklin |
| This polymath and founding father was nicknamed “the First American.” | Benjamin Franklin |
| This deity once attempted to embarrass another deity by impregnating him, but later found that he had impregnated himself. | Set |
| This god was worshiped at Ombos and he has been depicted fighting Apep on Ra’s sun barge. | Set |
| This god carries the Was scepter, and he once lost a boat race when his opponent painted his boat to look like it was made of stone. | Set |
| After killing his brother by cutting him into 14 pieces, this god had a bitter rivalry with his nephew Horus. | Set |
| Evil Egyptian god of chaos and disorder. | Set |
| Primitive examples of these structures are known as “corduroy.” | roads |
| One culture’s examples of these structures were often accompanied by mansions, and were standardized at 2.37 meters wide. | roads |
| John Loudoun McAdams developed a system for creating these structures, and Andrew Jackson vetoed a bill to create one of these structures in Maysville. | roads |
| One civilization renown for these structures built on the work of the Wari people, and examples of these structures include the “Royal” one in Persia and the “Silk” one of these in Central Asia. | roads |
| Avenues of transportation designed for human, animal, or vehicular traffic. | roads |
| This god stole the dead body of a young man and framed a group of children for his murder in order to obtain one hundred slave boys. | Anansi |
| This god committed one offense while pursuing trade for a single ear of corn. | Anansi |
| This deity achieved his more well-known form when he was smashed into millions of pieces for killing a ram, and he received all of the world’s stories from Nyame by capturing Onini the python, Osebo the leopard, and Mmoboro hornets. | Anansi |
| This trickster god of West African mythology commonly takes the form of a spider. | Anansi |
| This organization is the source of many conservative judges. | Federalist Society |
| In this event, Italian tribes revolted after being refused Roman citizenship. | Social War |
| Institute of sexology was established in this city. | Berlin |
| First leader of the Russian Federation. | Boris Yelton |
| This object, which Plato talks about in The Republic, makes the user invisible. | Ring of Gyges |
| This architect supervised Napoleon’s program that rebuilt much of Paris. | Georges-Eugène Haussmann |
| This composer of “Maple Leaf Ragtime” is credited with popularizing ragtime. | Scott Joplin |
| Italian Marxist who wrote while in prison during Mussolini’s time, and he was later opposed by both the Conservatives and the Liberal Democrats. | Gramsci |
| This country enacted Nihil Novi in 1505, sparking a period of elective monarchy called “Golden Liberty.” | Poland |
| All members of this nation’s parliament held the right to block any legislation, called the Liberum veto, and its nobility was known as the szlachta. | Poland |
| In the middle ages, this nation was ruled by the Piast Dynasty, whose kings included Bleslaw the Brave and Casimir the Great. | Poland |
| This nation was thrice partitioned by Russia, Prussia, and Austria, and in 1569 it formed a commonwealth with Lithuania. | Poland |
| This central European country has a capital at Warsaw. | Poland |
| Reinhold Gliere wrote his Opus 91 as a B-flat major concerto for this instrument. | French horn |
| Aubrey and Dennis Brain each played this instrument which enters intentionally early in the first movement of Beethoven’s Symphony No. 3. | French horn |
| Insired by Joseph Leutgeb, Mozart wrote three F flat major concertos for this instrument and three of this instrument represent the Wolf in Prokofiev’s Peter and the Wolf. | French horn |
| Giovanni Punto pioneered hand-stopping for this instrument, which allows a play to dramatically lower this instrument’s pitch. | French horn |
| This coiled brass instrument takes its name in English from a certain European country. | French horn |
| Early in his career, this man helped defeat the Yuan pretender Naghachu. | Zheng He |
| This man commanded troops in Zhu Di’s campaign to become the Yongle Emperor, and this probable Muslim later defeated and captured King Alagonakkara. | Zheng He |
| A controversial 2002 work by Gavin Menzies claimed that this man discovered the Americas, Australia, and the Northeast Passage. | Zheng He |
| Over this man’s seven confirmed voyages, his fleet of massive treasure junks visited Indonesia, Yemem, India, and East Africa, and he notably brought giraffes and ostriches to China. | Zheng He |
| Prolific diplomat and explorer of the Ming Dynasty. | Zheng He |
| This man’s rise to prominence was championed by Thomas A. Scott. | Andrew Carnegie |
| This man served as Superintendent of Military Railways during the civil War before creating the Keystone Bridge Company. | Andrew Carnegie |
| This man pioneered the use of vertical integration in his largest business venutre, and this employer of Henry Frick used Pinkertons to crush an 1892 strike at his Homestead plant. | Andrew Carnegie |
| This author of The Gospel of Wealth become the richest man in America after selling his namesake metal company to J.P. Morgan. | Andrew Carnegie |
| Scottish-American philanthropist and steel magnate. | Andrew Carnegie |
| In the center of this painting, two men in uniform walk together, while in front of them a man appears to be playing trumpet. | A Sunday Afternoon on the Island of La Grande Jatte |
| A man on the left of this painting reclines with a pipe in his mouth while another man sits next to him with a top hat and cane. | A Sunday Afternoon on the Island of La Grande Jatte |
| In the background of this work, two steamships surround a female-led rowing team. | A Sunday Afternoon on the Island of La Grande Jatte |
| In the foreground, a woman in the shade is using a parasol while she keeps a monkey on a leash. | A Sunday Afternoon on the Island of La Grande Jatte |
| This painting depicts an island in the river Seine, a pointillist work by Georges Seurat. | A Sunday Afternoon on the Island of La Grande Jatte |
| The Philadelphia Plan was one example of this policy. | affirmative action |
| In 2016m John Kasich said this policy amounted to “counting us like so many beans.” | affirmative action |
| The University of Michigan’s application of this policy was partially upheld in cases named for Lee Bollinger, while the use of a quotes in this policy was outlawed in Regents v. Bakke. | affirmative action |
| The Supreme Court twice evaluated Abigail Figher’s interaction with this policy, and in the United Kingdom this policy is known as positive discrimination. | affirmative action |
| This policy supports disadvantaged groups in hiring and educational admissions. | affirmative action |
| One of these works was used as the basis for the Sinfonia in F Major and a single Phrygian half-cadence makes up the second movement in one of these pieces. | Brandenburg Concertos |
| Johann Schwarber was the intended player of a valved trumpet solo in on eof these pieces, and violins are replaced by viole da gamba in the final one. | Brandenburg Concertos |
| A lengthy harpsichord cadenza opens the 5th of these compositions which were dedicated to the Margrave Christian Ludwig. | Brandenburg Concertos |
| This set of six works by J.S. Bach was named for a German state. | Brandenburg Concertos |
| This deity fathered Thrall, Karl, and Jarl who would, respectively, become ancestors of the serfs, farmers, and noblemen of Scandinavia. | Heimdall |
| This god stole Freya’s necklace back from Loki, and he campe up with the plan to have Thor dress up as Freya in order to trick Thrym. | Heimdall |
| This god can hear the grass grow and has golden teeth, and he will kill and be killed by Loki during Ragnarok. | Heimdall |
| This Norse god is the son of nine mothers, and he also owns the Gjallarhorn and watches over the Bifrost. | Heimdall |
| According to myth, two twin brothers encountered this figure when they went hunting too far east of their home, and in another, this figure rescued a group of people from inside a giant. | Coyote |
| In one myth, this figure tells a giant that he can break his leg and then heal it in order to make the giant run faster, but he ends up just breaking it. | Coyote |
| This figure caused Cahnging Bear to become evil and kill her brothers. | Coyote |
| This trickster god of North American mythology shares many mythological traits with Raven. | Coyote |
| One work by this artist parodies Rodin’s The Thinker with a traffic cone dunce cap and is called The Drinker. | Banksy |
| One work by this artist depicts two children playing catch a “No Ball Games” sign, while another entitled Slave Labour depicts a boy crouched at a sewing machine making British flags. | Banksy |
| A mural by this man shows John Travolta and Samuel L. Jackson’s characters from Pulp Fiction with their guns replaced by bananas. | Banksy |
| This artist’s Girl with Red Balloon first appeared on a wall in the South Bank of London. | Banksy |
| Anonymous British graffiti artist. | Banksy |
| This city’s disenfranchised workers rose up in the Revolt of the Ciompi. | Florence |
| Pope Sixtus IV placed this city under interdict after the failed Pazzi Conspiracy, and this city’s Ordinances of Jutices targeted prominent aristocrats and Ghibelline supporters. | Florence |
| This Tuscan city traditionally rivaled Pisa before conquering it in 1406. | Florence |
| Girolamo Savonarola led the Bonfires of the Vanities in this city before being burnt at the stake, and members of this city’s longitme ruling family include Cosimo and Lorenzo the Magnificent. | Florence |
| This Italian city on the Arno river was once ruled by the Medicis. | Florence |
| This figure encountered and saved Alavaka while travelling along the Ganges. | Buddha |
| This figure was born at Kshatriya, and he died after receiving a piece of spoiled pork from the blacksmith Kunda. | Buddha |
| This amn’s mother had a vision of an elephant entering her womb, and this man is the ninth avatar of Vishnu. | Buddha |
| This prophet taught the Four Noble Truths and the Middle Way after achieving enlightenment under a Bodhi tree. | Buddha |
| This prince-turned-ascetic who founded a religion with Mahayana and Theravada sects and whose original name was Siddhartha. | Buddha |
| Deities of this entity include the Aztec Chalchiuhtlicue, and the Hawaiian Namaka. | the sea |
| One god of this place turned the Woman Caenis into the warrior Caeneus after he raped her. | the sea |
| The Japansese deity of this entity commonly takes the form of a dragon called Ryujin, and the Norse god of this place fathered two children with his own sister. | the sea |
| Freyr and Freya were fathered by Njord, the Norse god of this domain. | the sea |
| This place, deities of which include the Greek Poseidon and the Roman Neptune, which refers to the part of Earth that is not land. | the sea |
| This empire lost the Battle of Akroinon and was opposed by the Hashimiyah sect. | Umayyad Caliphate |
| Founded by Muawiyah I after victory in the First Fitna, this dynasty administered its vast holdings through six administrative diwan. | Umayyad Caliphate |
| This empire was overthrown after the Battle of the Zab but persisted in Al-Andalus as the Caliphate of Cordoba. | Umayyad Caliphate |
| Forces of this dynasty killed Husayn ibn Ali at the Battle of Karbala and were defeated by Charles MArtel at Tours. | Umayyad Caliphate |
| This second Islamic caliphate was based at Damascus and was succeeded by the Abbasids. | Umayyad Caliphate |
| Sergei Eisenstein’s Battleship Potemkin inspired two Francis Bacon depictions of this event, including his Three Studies for Figures at the Base of this event. | The Crucifixion |
| Marc Chagall added a swastika and the words “Ich bin jude” to his “White” version of this event which shows the central figure wearing a Jewish prayer shawl. | The Crucifixion |
| The net of a hypercube replaces the central object in a Salvador Dali painting of this scene. | The Crucifixion |
| This event’s depictions are usually accompanied by the acronym “INRI” and show the death of Jesus Christ. | The Crucifixion |
| This position grew under Thomas Reed, who eliminated the disappearing quorum. | Speaker of the House |
| When Democrat Jim Traficant supported Dennis Hastert for this position, he was stripped of his seniority. | Speaker of the House |
| Frederick Muhlenberg was the first man to hold this office, and a 1910 revolt against Joseph Cannon considerably limited its scope. | Speaker of the House |
| The longest tenured holder of this office is Sam Rayburn, and James Polk is the only president to hold this position. | Speaker of the House |
| In 1994, Newt Gingrich used the Contract with America to win this office. | Speaker of the House |
| This legislative position is held by the likes of Nancy Pelosi, John Boehner, and Paul Ryan. | Speaker of the House |
| This man imprisoned the author Venko Markovski at his Goli Otok prison camp. | Josip Tito |
| Earlier in his career, this man liberated the short-lived Republic of Uzice. | Josip Tito |
| At the behest of Winston Churchill, this rival of Draza Mihailovic joined forces with Ivan Subasic’s government-in-exile. | Josip Tito |
| Though an early backer of the Cominform, this man split with Joseph Stalin and the Soviet Union over this man’s aggressively expansionist views. | Josip Tito |
| During World War II, this man and his Partisans became Europe’s most effective anti-German resistance movement before forming a post-war socialist government. | Josip Tito |
| Notably independent longtime leader of Yugoslavia. | Josip Tito |
| Mahmoud keeps watch following the “Ocean Chorus” in one of this man’s operas, while another work by this man was commissioned by the Great Woods Festival and features a woodblock ostinato. | John Coolidge Adams |
| A character in one of this man’s operas is gifted a glass elephant after traveling on the Spirit of ‘76, and later watches the Red Detachment of Women. | John Coolidge Adams |
| A 1985 PLO hijacking inspired this man’s The Death of Klinghoffer, and he was commissioned to write On the Transmigration of Souls following the September 11 attacks. | John Coolidge Adams |
| Modern American composer of Short Ride in a Fast Machine and Nixon in China. | John Coolidge Adams |
| The first day of this holiday marks the anniversary of medicine being given to mankind, while the last day sees men dine in the homes of their sisters. | Diwali |
| The death of Narakasura is celebrated in this holiday, which involves the drawing of branched chalk designs called rangoli. | Diwali |
| This holiday begins a new year fir many merchants and business owners, and lamps called diyas are lit on this holiday to commemorate the return of Rama and Sita. | Diwali |
| In one of this man’s works, the Duke of Rothesay courts Catherine Glover but inadvertently angers Queen Mab. | Georges Bizet |
| In one of this man’s works, the priest Nourabad is distracted by a flaming village, allowing Leila to escape with her love. | Georges Bizet |
| Besides The Fair Maid of Perth, this man wrote an opera set on Ceylon in which Nadir Zurga sing “Au fond du temple saint.” | Georges Bizet |
| Zuniga orders an arrest outside a cigarette factory in one of this man’s works which sees Escamillo sing the “Toreador Song.” | Georges Bizet |
| This French composer created operas like The Pearl Fishers and Carmen. | Georges Bizet |
| Frederick Lugard united the two halves of this country in 1914. | Nigeria |
| One major conflict in this country followed the murder of Prime Minister Abubakar Tafawa Balewa and sparked the creation of Doctors without Borders. | Nigeria |
| The “Coup from Heaven” in this country killed dictator Sani Abacha, who had executed activist Ken Siro-Wiwa for opposing Royal Dutch Shell. | Nigeria |
| This nation’s first peaceful transition of elected power occurred after its 2015 elections, as Muhammadu Buhari defeated incumbent Goodluck Jonathan. | Nigeria |
| This most populous African country is the home of Boko Haram, and its largest city is Lagos. | Nigeria |
| Clarence Lexow sponsored one investigation of this organization in the 1890s. | New York Police Department |
| One member of this organization, Michel Dowd, spent over 12 years in prison for running racketeering and narcotics ring in it. | New York Police Department |
| Corrupt officials in this organization were divided into “meat eaters” and “grass eaters” by the Knapp Commission, whose creation was spurred by the shooting of Frank Serpico. | New York Police Department |
| This agency’s chokehold policy led to the death of Eric Garner in 2014, while 23 officers from this organization lost their lives on 9/11. | New York Police Department |
| This law enforcement organization is tasked with defending America’s largest city. | New York Police Department |
| This man received a signet ring that gave him control over demons and genies. | Solomon |
| This man settled a debate over whether a man with two heads would be counted as two men or one, and tradition holds that he wrote the Book of Proverbs and the Song of Songs. | Solomon |
| This man built the First Temple and settled a dispute between two women who both claimed to be the mother of a baby by offering to cut the child in half. | Solomon |
| This wisest king of Israel succeeded David and was visited by the Queen of Sheba. | Solomon |
| This man covered his camels with hay and set them on fire to scare the elephants of an opposing army. | Tamerlane |
| This enemy of the Tughlaq Dynasty seized Smyrna from the Knights Hospitallers and crushed the Golden Horde at the Battle of the Terek River. | Tamerlane |
| In 1402, this general sparked the Ottoman Interregnum after defeating and capturing Bayezid the Thunderbolt. | Tamerlane |
| This man ruled his empire from Samarkand and allegedly constructed pyramids of human skulls following many of his victories. | Tamerlane |
| This prolific 14th century conqueror walked with a limp. | Tamerlane |
| One symphony of this number contains an “old-fashioned” movement that constantly switches between 4/8 and 3/8 time while offtsage cowbells are heard throughout. | Sixth |
| One work of this number opens with a solo bassoon theme marked by 6 Ps. | Sixth |
| In one symphony of this number, the “Allegro con grazia” movement is a dance in 5/4 time usually described as a “limping waltz.” | Sixth |
| Two clarinets represent cuckoos, while a flute depicts a nightingale in a symphony of this number during a movement entitled “Scene by the Brook.” | Sixth |
| This symphony number is shared by Tchaikovsky’s Pathetique, Mahler’s Tragic, and Beethoven’s Pastoral. | Sixth |
| In one of this artist’s works, a man asleep at his desk is surrounded by owls and bats. | Francisco Goya |
| The Sleep of Reason Produces Monsters is a print in this man’s series entitled “LosCaprichos.” | Francisco Goya |
| One series of prints by this artist includes plates depicting scenes of a man about to behead another and a priest garroted for owning a knife. | Francisco Goya |
| The first of this man’s “Disasters of War” series depicts a man about to be executed by firing squad and is reminiscent of his most famous work which depicts a moment in the Peninsular War. | Francisco Goya |
| Spanish painter of The Third of May, 1808. | Francisco Goya |
| During one of this man’s campaigns, his wife and three children died in a house fire. | John Pershing |
| With the support of Teddy Roosevelt, this man skipped over 835 more senior officers to become a general, and he earned his colorful nickname through serving with a regiment of Buffalo Soldiers. | John Pershing |
| After the Battle of Columbus, Woodrow Wilson tapped this general to defeat Pancho Villa. | John Pershing |
| In one conflict, this man refused to merge his forces with Allied troops and became the first U.S. General of the Armies. | John Pershing |
| This commander led American troops in World War One. | John Pershing |
| Eero Aarnio designed of these objects, a suspended “Bubble” and futuristic “Ball.” | chairs |
| Lilly Reich and Ludwig Mies Van Der Rohe designed their modernist “Barcelona” one of these objects with chrome on a steel frame. | chairs |
| Frank Gehry used corrugated cardboard to create his “Wiggle” version of this object as part of his “easy Edges” series. | chairs |
| Eero Saarinen initially used a one-piece fiberglass design for his “Tulip” version of this piece of furniture. | chairs |
| The “Adirondack” version of this furniture uses wooden slats and is intended for outdoor use. | chairs |
| This type of furniture has “arm” and “rocking” varieties. | chairs |
| Two incarnations of this deity are Pashipati and Kalamata. | Shiva |
| This god’s attendants are called the Ganas, and in his female form Mohini, this god tricked Bhasmasura into killing himself by placing his hand on his own head. | Shiva |
| This god tramples the dwarf Apasmara as the eternal dancer Nataraja. | Shiva |
| This god cut off one of Brahma’s heads, and five is a sacred number to him because of his five mantras. | Shiva |
| This god’s wife Parvati forced him to put an elephant's head on his son Ganesha. | Shiva |
| A disastrous invasion of Portugal during this conflict was termed “The Fantastic War.” | Seven Years’ War |
| This war was partially ended by the Treaty of St. Petersburg, also known “Miracle of the House of Brandenburg.” | Seven Years’ War |
| The geopolitical landscape of this conflict was shaped by the Diplomatic Revolution of 1756, which included a controversial alliance between France and Austria. | Seven Years’ War |
| William Pitt the Elder led Britain during this conflict, which saw the death of James Wolfe at the Battle of Quebec. | Seven Years’ War |
| An exhibition by an artist from this country saw the ceiling, walls, and floors of a gallery covered with meaningless text. | China |
| In addition ot Book from the Sky, a 2008 exhibition by an artist from this country lined the Tate Modern art galley with porcelain sunflower seeds. | China |
| The long, twisted steel of this country’s National Stadium earned it the nickname “the Bird’s Nest.” | China |
| This country is home to the Suzhou Museum, a building designed by the architect of the Hancock Tower and a famous glass pyramid. | China |
| Birth Xu Bing, Ai Weiwei, and I.M. Pei. | China |
| One painting by this artist has a section of black down the middle with the rest of the canvas mostly white with yellow and is entitled The Deep. | Jackson Pollock |
| This man’s Mural on Indian Red Ground was confiscated by the Iranian government after his death. | Jackson Pollock |
| Because of its 8 colored lines, this artist’s Number 11, 1952 is also called “Blue Poles.” | Jackson Pollock |
| A line from The Tempest lends its name to his Full Fathom Five, and this man’s Number 1, 1950 is more commonly called “Lavender Mist.” | Jackson Pollock |
| This abstract expressionist artist whose “action painting” earned him the nickname “the Dripper.” | Jackson Pollock |
| The Festival of Carneia limited the forces of this battle’s winning side, who lost only 192 men in the fight. | Battle of Marathon |
| The inciting conflict of this battle included the Sack of Sardis and was crashed at the Battle of Lade. | Battle of Marathon |
| Hippias lost a tooth in the lead-up to this battle, which saw Cynaegirus die while pulling a fleeing trireme back toward the beach. | Battle of Marathon |
| Miltiades’s decesion to extend the Athenian line contributed to his victory over a larger Persian army in this battle. | Battle of Marathon |
| Pheidippides ran 26.2 miles to announce the outcome of this 490 BCE battle. | Battle of Marathon |
| This woman purchased land in Auburn, New York which became her base of activity. | Harriet Tubman |
| This woman suffered seizures and visions after being hit in the head with an iron weight as a child, and while serving as a scout for the Union Army, this woman guided an 1836 raid at Combahee Ferry. | Harriet Tubman |
| In 2016, Treasury Secretary Jack Lew announced that this woman would replace Andrew Jackson on the front the $20 bill. | Harriet Tubman |
| This Maryland suffragist, abolitionist, and Underground Railroad conductor called the “Moses of her People” personally rescued over 100 enslaved persons. | Harriet Tubman |
| One of these creatures in Greek mythology created the Hippocrene fountains that would give the Muses poetic inspiration. | horses |
| Heimdall owns one of these creatures called Gulltoppr, and another one of these is given as a gift from Thor and is named Gullfaxi. | horses |
| One of these creatures helped to build the walls of Asgard, and another one of these animals was attacked by a gadfly when it tried to ascend Mount Olympus. | horses |
| A giant wooden version of one of these animals was constructed to allow soldiers to enter Troy. | horses |
| Examples of these animals include an eight-legged one, Oden’s Sleipnir. | horses |
| This composer used the violin piece Salut D’amour as an engagement present. | Edward Elgar |
| The Angel of Agony visits a man known as “the Soul” as he travels through Purgatory in an oratorio by this man. | Edward Elgar |
| Jacqueline du Pre famously recorded his Cello Concerto in E minor, and Edward VII was the dedicatee of a work by this man which later included “The Land of Hope and Glory.” | Edward Elgar |
| This composer used names like “Dorabella” for movements in one work, in addition to a section dedicated to his editor entitled “Nimrod.” | Edward Elgar |
| English composer of The Dream of Gerontius,Enigma Variations, and Pomp and Circumstance. | Edward Elgar |
| These people launched a short-lived 1815 uprising at Slachter’s Nek. | Boers |
| These people triumphed at the Battle of Blood River during the Great Trek, and later instigated the Maritz Rebellion at the beginning of World War One. | Boers |
| The Jameson Raid began one conflict targeting these people, during which Horatio Kitchener imprisoned many of these people in concentration camps. | Boers |
| These people made up the Orange Free State and Transvaal, the latter of which was led by Paul Kruger. | Boers |
| These ethnic Dutch settlers of South Africa fought two namesake wars against Britain. | Boers |
| Damballah, the sky god of this religion used his 7,000 coils to form the stars and the planets, and he shed a snake skin to create the waters of Earth. | Voodoo |
| Temples of this religion are called Hounfours, and priests in this religion are variably called houngans and mambos depending on their gender. | Voodoo |
| Gods of this religion include Simbi, Kouzin Zaka, Papa Legba, and Bondye and are typically referred to as loa. | Voodoo |
| This syncretic religion common in Haiti is associated with mystic dolls that share its name. | Voodoo |
| Edward Mylius libeled one king of this name as a bigamist. | George |
| Viscount Stanhope was a minister for one king with this name, and another attempted to pass the Pains and Penalties Bill to divorce his wife, Caroline of Brunswick. | George |
| One king with this name survived the Forty-Five Jacobite Rising, and was the final monarch of his country to lead troops in battle. | George |
| The American Declaration of Independence criticizes one king of this name. | George |
| This name was used by six British monarchs as well as the eldest son of Prince William and Kate Middleton. | George |
| One of these objects in Chilote mythology is called Caleuche and is watched over by the “sirena chilota.” | ships |
| Atet is one of these objects in Egyptian mythology, and it is used by Ra when fighting the serpent Apep. | ships |
| One of these objects was constructed using timber that could speak and make prophecies. | ships |
| Gilgamesh’s relative Utnapishtim uses one of these called the “Preserver of Life” to save himself and the animals. | ships |
| These vessels, which are used for transport on water, include the Argo and Noah’s Ark. | ships |
| The anonymous Untitled 1986 is a sculpture of one of these animals bursting through the roof of an English house. | sharks |
| Damien Hirst’s The Physical Impossibility of Death in the Mind of Someone Living consists of a tank of formaldehyde containing one of these animals. | sharks |
| One painting of these animals includes stalks of sugar cane and a shirtless black man in a boat, while another shows sailors about to harpoon one in Havana harbor. | sharks |
| These animals feature in Winslow Homer’s The Gulf Stream and with “Watson” in a painting by John Singleton Copley. | sharks |
| This leader served as the Minister of Information and Broadcasting during the Shastri government. | Indira Gandhi |
| The Shah Commission investigated alleged abuses of power by this leader, including the Turkmen Gate Incident and forced sterilizations. | Indira Gandhi |
| To escape an electioneering conviction, this leader ruled through executive decree during the “Emergency.” | Indira Gandhi |
| This leader oversaw the Smiling Buddha nuclear tests, and ordered an attack on the Golden Temple at Amritsar which precipitated this woman’s assassination by her Sikh bodyguards. | Indira Gandhi |
| This daughter of Jawaharlal Nehru was the first female prime minister of India. | Indira Gandhi |
| A bureaucrat in this country denounced two homosexual lions as being afflicted by “demonic spirits.” | Kenya |
| This country's Nakumatt supermarket became the largest in Africa until its sudden bankruptcy in October 2017. | Kenya |
| This nation’s Deputy President William Ruto avoided a July 2016 assassination attempt while hte murder of Christopher Msando sparked controversy before this country’s 2017 presidential election. | Kenya |
| In this nation’s 2017 presidential race, Raila Odinga lost at the polls but successfully challenged the legitimacy of incumbent President Uhuru Kenyatta’s victory. | Kenya |
| This ma rose to prominence after winning a Supreme Court case against the Comberland Telephone and Telegraph Company. | Huey Long |
| This man earned a governorship by defeating the “Old Regulars” political machine, and he advanced the careers of O.K. Allen and Alvin King. | Huey Long |
| This ally of Father Charles Coughlin promoted socialist reforms in his Share the Wealth campaign which promised to make “every man a king.” | Huey Long |
| Assassinated by Carl Weiss in 1935, this politician was fictionalized as Willie Stark in All the King’s Men. | Huey Long |
| This autocratic Louisiana politician was nicknamed “The Kingfish.” | Huey Long |
| One composer from this country included “The Noon Witch” and “The Wild Dove” in a set of mythological symphonic poems. | Czech Republic |
| The “Sokol Fanfare” is part of a work written for this country’s military entitled Sinfonietta, while a shrieking high-E depicts the deafness of a man from this country at the end of the quartet “From My Life.” | Czech Republic |
| The composer of “From My Life” wrote an opera where Kecal agrees to pay 300 florins for Marenka, and another man from this nation used spirituals in a symphony inspired by a trip to America. | Czech Republic |
| This country is home to composers like Bedrich Smetana and Antonin Dvorak. | Czech Republic |
| This man’s ship was unable to sail after he claimed to be a better hunter than Artemis. | Agamemnon |
| This man killed the husband of his future wife, a daughter of King Tyndareos, while his brother wed her sister. | Agamemnon |
| After the death of his father Atreaus, this man returned to his home of Mycenae to reclaim the throne. | Agamemnon |
| This man was often at odds with Achilles, and he was killed by his wife Clytemnestra and her lover Aegisthus after sacrificing his daughter Iphigenia to the gods. | Agamemnon |
| This man led the Greeks in the Trojan War. | Agamemnon |
| This kingdom repulsed a Swedish invasion during the Great Sleigh Drive. | Prussia |
| This kingdom won the Battles of Fehrbellin and Chotusitz, and awards issued by its army include the Pour le Merite and the Iron Cross. | Prussia |
| Napoleon crushed this kingdom at the Battle of Jena, but it later assisted in Napoleon’s defeat at Leipzig. | Prussia |
| In the mid-nineteenth century, Helmuth von Moltke the Elder led this kingdom’s military to victory over Denmark and Austria. | Prussia |
| This kingdom of Frederick the Great and Otto von Bismarck won a namesake war against France to unite Germany. | Prussia |
| This organization supported the Dead Rabbits in their fight against the Bowery Boys. | Tammany Hall |
| King of Portugal who justified colonization of Mozambique. | Salizar |
| Italian architect who designed the dome of Santa Mara. | Brunelleschi |
| Author of “Spirit of Capitalism and the Modernist Ethic.” | Max Waber |
| Germans drove through this forest to attack American forces in the Battle of the Bulge. | Ardan |
| This man coined the term “animal spirits” to show that humans economic actions are not always rational. | Adam Smith |
| The equivalent of this practice in Sikhism is called Amrit Sanchar or Khanda di Pahul. | baptism |
| The Zoroastrian equivalent of this practice is Navjote, during which one begins to wear the Sudreh and Kusti. | baptism |
| Marcionism allowed for this action to be performed on the dead, a process which is also done by many Mormons. | baptism |
| The Christian version of this practice originated with tevilah, a Jewish purification rite, and is genereally modeled on John’s performance of this action on Christ. | baptism |
| This religious sacrament is one in which a person is initiated into Christianity by washing away original sin with water. | baptism |
| Early references to this city are found in the Execration Texts and the Amarna Letters. | Jerusalem |
| The Hasmonean Kingdom was centered around this city, from which the historian Josephus hailed, and the Well of Souls is found in this city. | Jerusalem |
| Aelia Capitolina was constructed on top of the ruins of this city, which was sacked by the Romans in 70 AD. | Jerusalem |
| The largest Crusader kingdom was named for this city, though it was later reconquered by Saladin. | Jerusalem |
| This disputed Israeli capital is a holy city in Islam, Christianity, and Judaism. | Jerusalem |
| As his last act in one office, this man vetoed the Bonus Bill. | James Madison |
| This Princeton grad and owner of Paul Jennings helped write the Virginia Statute for Religious Freedom and staunchly opposed Macon’s Bill Number 2. | James Madison |
| This man wrote the original version of the 27th Amendment, as as president this man temporarily governed from Brookeville, Maryland after the Battle of Bladensburg. | James Madison |
| With John Jay and Alexander Hamilton, this man authored The Federalist Papers. | James Madison |
| This “Father of the Constitution” led the US during the War of 1812 as the nation’s fourth president. | James Madison |
| This organization issued Nansen passports for stateless refugees. | League of Nations |
| This organization successfully resolved the Aland Islands dispute, but failed to arbitrate the status of Vilnius. | League of Nations |
| This organization distributed three classes of territorial mandates, and this body’s demise was demonstrated by the Chaco War and the Italian Invasion of Ethiopia. | League of Nations |
| Japan, Italy, France, and Britain made up the permanent executive council of this organization, which the U.S. did not join because of the efforts of Henry Cabot Lodge. | League of Nations |
| This ineffective peacekeeping organization envisioned by Woodrow Wilson and replaced by the United Nations. | League of Nations |
| A character in one of this man’s works sing “Holy Elizabeth! Pray for me!” as he dies. | Richard Wagner |
| The “Liebestod” is sung at the end of one of this man’s works, and this man created the principle of gesamtkunstwerk, or total artwork. | Richard Wagner |
| This man’s opera about Else and a titular hero was performed during his exile, and he used repeated leitmotifs for communion and the holy grail in his opera Parsifal. | Richard Wagner |
| In one opera by this man, Senta throws herself into the sea to free the Flying Dutchman from his curse. | Richard Wagner |
| This German composer included Götterdämmerung and Siegfried in his Ring Cycle. | Richard Wagner |
| A sketch created before painting this work depicted a gray-bearded man on his knees with his face resting on one hand and is known as Study for the Father Holding his Dead Son. | The Raft of the Medusa |
| Studies leading up to this painting include one depicting cannibalism and many drawn from corpses at the Hospital Beaujon. | The Raft of the Medusa |
| The subjects of this work are climbing on each other and face the Argos in the distance while at the top of the pile a shirtless man waves a white and orange cloth. | The Raft of the Medusa |
| This painting by Theodore Gericault depicts the survivors of an 1816 shipwreck. | The Raft of the Medusa |
| This object was originally believed to have been discovered at Mount Serbal. | Burning Bush |
| The word “holy” is first connected with God in the Bible during an encounter with this object. | Burning Bush |
| When asked, this object identified itself as “Adonai” and demonstrated its power by temporarily making a man’s hand leprous. | Burning Bush |
| The Hebrew word for this object is seneh, and this object relented in allowing Aaron to assist one man in his God-ordained mission. | Burning Bush |
| This combusting plant described in the Book of Exodus calls on Moses to lead the Jews out of Egypt. | Burning Bush |
| Ernest Ackerman was the first man to profit from this program. | Social Security |
| When debating this program, one senator called it “a teeny-weeny bit of socialism,” and the constitutionality of this program was affirmed in Steward Machine Company v. Davis. | Social Security |
| Black-dominated professions were originally excluded from this program, which was amended in 1965 to create Medicare and Medicaid. | Social Security |
| Though known as the “Third Rail” of American politics foro being difficult to change, this program was altered in 1983 to protect its trust fund. | Social Security |
| This program, started during the Great Depression, offers benefits to American retirees. | Social Security |
| After the 14 July Revolution, this architect adapted plans for a Baghdad Opera House into Arizona State University’s Gammage Auditorium. | Frank Lloyd Wright |
| A hypothetical skyscraper planned by this architect would have used atomic elevators and been called “The Illinois.” | Frank Lloyd Wright |
| This architect coined the term “carport” while designing the L-shaped Jacobs House, one of his “Usonian Homes.” | Frank Lloyd Wright |
| Costs for the Jacobs House were limited by using bricks from another one of this architect’s projects, a building with columns topped by lilypads that serves as the headquarters for the Johnson Wax Company. | Frank Lloyd Wright |
| This architect designed Fallingwater, a building cantilevered over the Bear Run. | Frank Lloyd Wright |
| During this dynasty, one emperor’s dead body traveled alongside carts of fish to mask its smell. | Qin Dynasty |
| Shang Yang instituted compulsory military service in this dynasty, and the lute player Gao Jianli nearly assassinated one of its emperors. | Qin Dynasty |
| Xiang Yu and Liu Bang vied for power after this dynasty’s fall, while its statesman Li Si advocated for the burning of books. | Qin Dynasty |
| The ingestion of mercury may have caused the death of this dynasty’s emperor Shi Huangdi. | Qin Dynasty |
| This first imperial dynasty of China implemented Legalist policies and built the Terracotta Army. | Qin Dynasty |
| This man’s forces crushed regional rebellion at the Battle of Villalar. | Charles V |
| This civor over the Revolt of the Comuneros sanctioned the longtime confinement of his mother, Joanna the Mad. | Charles V |
| This ruler’s forces sacked Rome while fighting against the League of Cognac, and later captured Francis I after winning the Battle of Pavia. | Charles V |
| This man convened the Diet of Worms to evaluate Martin Luther, and his son Philip II claimed one of his primary imperial titles. | Charles V |
| This dominate Hapsburg King of Spain and Holy Roman emperor during the sixteenth century. | Charles V |
| This man founded the State Research Bureau to persecute the Acholi and Langi ethnic groups. | Idi Amin Dada |
| After seizing power from Milton Obote, this man renamed his palce “The Command Post” and expelled 50,000 Asians from his country. | Idi Amin Dada |
| This dictator led a fialed invasion of a country led by Julius Nyerere and allegedly ordered the murder of Dora Bloch. | Idi Amin Dada |
| After this man allowed a PLO-hijacked plane to enter his country, Israeli Special Forces responded with the Raid on Entebbe. | Idi Amin Dada |
| This self-declared “Conqueror of the British Empire” was a notorious dictator of Uganda. | Idi Amin Dada |
| Early in this opera, one character contemplates a lover in the aria “Ah, fors’e lui” before finding a camellia flower to give him. | La Traviata |
| One man sings “Di provenza” in this opera to console his son about a failed relationship, and Doctor Grenvil tells the maid Annina about the condition of a character who sings “Sempre Libera” at the end of this opera’s first act. | La Traviata |
| Baron Douphol is used to make another man jealous in this opera at a party where Alfredo sings “Libiamo ne’lieti calici.” | La Traviata |
| The title character dies of tuberculosis in this Giuseppe Verdi opera about the “fallen” Violetta. | La Traviata |
| Mork Rothko’s No. 6 features this color between violet and red. | green |
| A pair of boots of this color appear in the top left of A Bar at the Folies-Bergère and both Manet and Degas painted absinthe as a shade of this color. | green |
| Unlike his Yellow Christ, Gauguin’s Christ of this color is no longer on the cross. | green |
| The woman in The Arnolfini Wedding wears a dress of this color and Henri Matisse painted a portrait of his wife with a stripe of this color down the middle. | green |
| Henry Charles Carey encouraged the strengthening of these laws during the Civil War. | tariff |
| Article 1, Section 9 of the Constitution bans one type of this law, and Alexander Hamilton supported one of these laws to cover Revolutionary War debts. | tariff |
| In 1833, Andrew Jackson signed the “Force Bill” to enforce one of these laws in South Carolina. | tariff |
| Historical examples of these laws include those named for Oscar Underwood and William McKinley, and Herbert Hoover supported the Hawley-Smoot one of these laws to fight the Great Depression. | tariff |
| Often-controversial taxes on international trade. | tariff |
| The E minor overture “Sinfony” opens this work. | Messiah |
| Part Two of this work starts in G minor before suddenly dropping an octave and later shifts to ¾ time on the line “Thou art gone up on high.” | Messiah |
| Charles Jennens wrote the libretto for this piece and King George II supposedly rose from his seat during one performance of it. | Messiah |
| The most famous aspect of this work includes the line “he shal reign for ever and ever” and is performed in D major with angelic trumpets and timpani. | Messiah |
| This oratorio by George Frederic Handel includes the “Hallelujah” chorus. | Messiah |
| It’s not the Cistercian order, but Saint Bernard of Clairvaux helped establish this organization’s structure. | Knight Templar |
| The papal bull Omne Datum Optimum established this organization in 1139, while the recently discovered Chinon Parchment absolved its leadership of heresy. | Knights Templar |
| This organization triumphed at the Battle of Montgisard, while members of this organization captured at Battle of Hattin were executed by Saladin. | Knights Templar |
| The final grandmaster of this order was Hugh de Molay, who was burnt at the stake when Philip IV and Pope Clement V disbanded it. | Knights Templar |
| This Christian military order protected pilgrims traveling to Jerusalem. | Knights Templar |
| The Abhidharma-kosa is a text that describes a Buddhist example of this thing, Naraka. | the underworld |
| A goddess in Babylonian mythology was forced to remove her clothing in seven phases in order to gain access to this thing. | the underworld |
| The Aztec variety of this concept consists of nine levels and is called Mictlan, and it is ruled over by Xolotl. | the underworld |
| The Norse version of this place is ruled over by a daughter of Loki, and the Greek version of it shares its name with the brother of Zeus and Poseidon who rules over it. | the underworld |
| The Greek version of this concept, a realm of the dead, is ruled over by Hades. | the underworld |
| As an infant, this man was saved by Harpagus, who later helped this man seize power from his grandfather Astyages. | Cyrus the Great |
| This leader commissioned the Chapar Khaneh postal service, and his Edict of Restoration earned him praise in the Book of Isaiah. | Cyrus the Great |
| This man defeated Nabonidus at the Battle of the Opis and bested Croesus at the Battle of Thymbra to conquer the Lydian Empire. | Cyrus the Great |
| This author of a namesake “cylinder” was killed fighting the Massagetae queen Tomyris and founded Oasargadae as his imperial capital. | Cyrus the Great |
| Founder of the Achaemenid Persian Empire. | Cyrus the Great |
| Anekantavada is a principle of this religion stating that reality has multiple aspects. | Jainism |
| Practitioners of this faith often fast during Paryushana, one of its most important festivals, and its primary symbol shows three dots, a swastika, and an open palm. | Jainism |
| The Tattvarthasutra is the most sacred of the Agamas of this religion. | Jainism |
| The two primary divisions of the religion are the Svetambara and the Digambara, also known as white-clad and skyclad. | Jainism |
| This Indian religion whose current Tirthankara is Mahavira and it emphasizes the principle of ahimsa, or nonviolence. | Jainism |
| A man from this ethnic group defended his citizenship in U.S. v. Ark, whose large-scale immigration was enabled by the Burlingame-Seward Treaty. | Chinese Americans |
| Violence against these people occurred in Los Angeles and Wallowa County, Oregon, while at least 28 of these people died during a massacre in Rock Springs, Wyoming. | Chinese Americans |
| Large numbers of these people labored to construct the Transcontinental Railroad, and this group was notably victimized by California’s Anti-Coolie Act and a namesake “Exclusion” Act. | Chinese Americans |
| This US immigrant group emigrated from the world’s largest country. | Chinese Americans |
| One painting from this period shows an inmate at the Saint-Lazare prison hospitals and is called Woman with Folded Arms, | Picasso’s Blue Period |
| A painting from this period called The Tragedy depicts a homeless family on a beach. | Picasso’s Blue Period |
| The death of Carlos Casagemas sparked this movement whose common subjects include drunks, beggars, and prostitutes painted in somber colors. | Picasso’s Blue Period |
| The composition, style, and namesake color of this period is exemplified by a depiction of a blind man in rags entitled The Old Guitarist. | Picasso’s Blue Period |
| This depressive period in the art of Pablo Picasso was followed by the Rose Period. | Picasso’s Blue Period |
| This man sailed for the Muscovy Company in his first voyage. | Henry Hudson |
| Abacuk Pricket’s diary is an important source for information on this ma’s final days, while his ghost is featured in Washington Irving’s Rip Van Winkle. | Henry Hudson |
| This captain of the Hopewell laid the foundation for the creation of New Netherland through a 1609 exploration. | Henry Hudson |
| In this man’s final voyage, the crew of his ship Discovery mutinied and set him and his son adrift. | Henry Hudson |
| This English explorer and captain of the Half Moon with a namesake bay in northeast Canada. | Henry Hudson |
| This region experienced the First and Second Servile Wars, and was briefly ruled by Sextus Pompey. | Sicily |
| The fall of Taormina completed the Muslim conquest of this region, which was in turn conquered by Roger Bosso. | Sicily |
| The Expedition of the Thousand targeted a kingdom named for two of this region, and this region’s namesake “Vespers” revolted against France in the thirteenth century. | Sicily |
| Nicias led a disastrous Athenian expedition to capture this island, and victory in the First Punic War gave Rome Hegemony over it. | Sicily |
| A large Mediterranean island south of the Italian peninsula. | Sicily |
| The early history of these people is recorded in the Anitta Text. | Hittites |
| The Chief of the Wine Stewards was a powerful office in this civilization, whose laws permitted execution only for murder, theft, or bestiality. | Hittites |
| This empire was toppled during the Bronze Age collapse, during which this kingdom’s capital at Hattusa was razed. | Hittites |
| One king of this civilization, Hattusili III, signed one of history’s earliest peace treaties following this empire’s defeat in the largest chariot battle ever. | Hittites |
| This ancient Anatolian civilization fought against Ramses II of Egypt at the Battle of Kadesh. | Hittites |
| In one of this man’s works, the Astrologer commands the title animal to kill the husband of the Queen of Shemakha. | Nikolai Rimsky-Korsakov |
| This man wrote the slavic-themed opera Mlada, and another of his work’s includes the “Dance of the Tumblers” and tells how Mizgir’s love causes the Snow Maiden to melt. | Nikolai Rimsky-Korsakov |
| One orchestral suite by this man includes the movements “Festival at Baghdad” and “The Sea and Sinbad’s Ship” and was inspired by the Arabian Nights. | Nikolai Rimsky-Korsakov |
| This Russian composer of The Golden Cockerel also wrote the opera The Tale of Tsar Saltan, which includes the “Flight of the Bumblebee.” | Nikolai Rimsky-Korsakov |
| This complex contains the iconic Court of the Myrtles. | Alhambra |
| The Hall of the Ambassadors is the largest room in this structure from which Washington Irving wrote a namesake book of tales. | Alhambra |
| A walkway connected this complex to the Generalife Palace and this structure’s many English elms were introduced during the Peninsular War. | Alhambra |
| This palace includes the Court of the Lions with its characteristic arches and served as the heart of the Nasrid Dynasty before falling to Ferdinand and Isabella. | Alhambra |
| This Islamic fortress and palace complex overlooks Granada. | Alhambra |
| Edgar Allan Poe named one of his poems after the seventh section of this work, which is called “The Heights.” | Quran |
| One section of this text called “Spoils of War” describes the 7th century Battle of Badr, and this text is divided into sections called juz so that it can be read in thirty days. | Quran |
| Portions of this book are called surahs like “The Cow,” which declares that one must fast during a certain month. | Quran |
| This text, along with the Hadith, forms the basis of Sharia law. | Quran |
| This book was revealed by Gabriel to Muhammad, and it is the holy book of Islam. | Quran |
| This man famously visited a farm owned by Roswell Garst. | Nikita Khrushchev |
| This ally of Lazar Kaganovish sanctioned the execution of Lavrentiy Beria and organized the unsuccessful Virgin Lands campaign. | Nikita Khrushchev |
| This leader attracted controversy by asserting “We will bury you” and he notably banged his shoe on a desk during a speech before the UN. | Nikita Khrushchev |
| After assuming his highest office, this man delivered the “Secret Speech” and later faced off against Richard Nixon in the “Kitchen Debate.” | Nikita Khrushchev |
| This Soviet premier and successor to Stalin led the USSR during the Cuban Missile Crisis. | Nikita Khrushchev |
| One work by this composer opens with rapid G triplets that represent a horse’s gallop. | Franz Schubert |
| Six piano pieces by this man are named Moments Musicaux, and two song cycles written by this man are based on the poetry of Wilhelm Muller. | Franz Schubert |
| One symphony by this man includes the movements “Philosopher’s Scherzo” and “March of Destiny” and was originally written as incidental music to Rosamunde. | Franz Schubert |
| This man’s Piano Quintet in A Major was named Die Forelle, and is more commonly known as the Trout Quintet. | Franz Schubert |
| This German composer of Der Erlkonig also began an 8th symphony which was never completed. | Franz Schubert |
| This woman founded a charity to combat malnutrition with George Kessler. | Helen Keller |
| Writing that “our democracy is but a name,” this woman joined the Industrial Workers of the World and argued against “education without revolution.” | Helen Keller |
| This woman penned such autobiographical works as Light in my Darkness and Story of My Life, and she cofounded the American Civil Liberties Union in 1920. | Helen Keller |
| Earlier in life, this woman attended the Perkins Institute where she learned language and speech from Anne Sullivan. | Helen Keller |
| This deaf-blind activist from Alabama was depicted in The Miracle Worker. | Helen Keller |
| The counting of the Omer lasts from the end of this holiday to the beginning of Shavuot 49 days later. | Passover |
| The practice of korban for this holiday is now only continued by Samaritans. | Passover |
| One song sung during this holiday repeats the phrase “Dayenu” or “it would have sufficed” and the phrase “Ma Nishtana” or “Why is tonight different from other nights?” is asked at the beginning of this holiday. | Passover |
| This holiday begins on the fifteenth of Nissan and includes many readings from the Haggadah. | Passover |
| Jews celebrate seders and eat unleavened bread during this holiday commemorating the exodus from Egypt. | Passover |
| This opera contains a choral recitation of the hymn “Oh God, look down from heaven.” | The Magic Flute |
| In this opera, three ladies padlock the mouth of a bird catcher who is later given a set of bells that are used before the “Stutter Duet.” | The Magic Flute |
| In this work, the priest Sarastro requires a prince to complete several trials, and one soprano must hit several high F’s in the aria “Der Holle Rache.” | The Magic Flute |
| This opera centers on a quest to rescue Pamina whose power-seeking mother is the Queen of the Night. | The Magic Flute |
| This Mozart singspiel opera sees Tamino play the title enchanted instrument. | The Magic Flute |
| This city contained the Great Cothon and the Tophet of Salammbo. | Carthage |
| This city fought its former mercenaries in the Truceless War, during which it lost control of Corsica and Sardinia. | Carthage |
| Cato the Elder urged the destruction of this city, which was finally accomplished in 146 BCE by Scipio Aemillianus. | Carthage |
| In one conflict, forces of this city crossed the Alps and won victories at the Battles of Trevia, Lake Trasimene, and Cannae. That army was led by Hannibal Barca. | Carthage |
| This city-state on the North African coast fought the Punic Wars with Rome. | Carthage |
| This work’s subject wears a diamond crescent on her head to evoke the huntress Diana. | Portrait of Madame X |
| Exhibited in the Paris Salon of 1884, this painting’s subject originally wore a dress with a strap sliding down before public backlash forced the creator of this work to paint it back on. | Portrait of Madame X |
| The namesake figure of this painting boasts extremely pale skin and a haughty, aristocratic expression. | Portrait of Madame X |
| The mysteriously named central character of this portrait was really a New Orleans-born socialite named Virginie Gautreau. | Portrait of Madame X |
| This work by John Singer Sargent depicts a lady of high society. | Portrait of Madame X |
| The Asen Dynasty founded this modern day nation’s second empire while Khan Krum was a prominent leader of its first. | Bulgaria |
| Stefan Stambolov led an uprising in this country, whose “horrors” were denounced in William Gladstone’s Midlothian Campaign. | Bulgaria |
| One government from this country assassinated Georgi MArkov with an umbrella gun, and although this country fought with the Axis in World War Two, its King Boris III protected this country’s Jews. | Bulgaria |
| In 2014, Byzantine emperor Basil II gained his epithet as a “slayer” of these people. | Bulgaria |
| Balkan nation on the Black Sea with capital at Sofia. | Bulgaria |
| Operation Anubis targeted one electoral event in this territory. | Catalonia |
| It’s not South Africa, but the ANC is a major political force in this region. | Catalonia |
| The Mossos d’Esquadra are the influential police force of this region, which until recently was led by Prime Minister Carles Puigdemnt. | Catalonia |
| In October 2017, the government of Mariano Rajoy asserted direct control over this previously autonomous region and indicted many of its leaders on charges of rebellion. | Catalonia |
| This region of northeast Spain with capital at Barcelona declared independence on October 27, 2017. | Catalonia |
| An expedition led by Alfred Gaselee helped to end this conflict, during which one country invaded over the Amur River. | Boxer Rebellion |
| In this conflict, 40 missionaries were killed in the Taiyuan Massacre. | Boxer Rebellion |
| The German minister Clemens von Ketteler’s execution of a young boy during this conflict led to the burning of the Legation Quarter. | Boxer Rebellion |
| During this revolt, a Muslim force known as the Kansu Braves allied with Dowager Empress Cixi and was defeated by the Eight Nation Alliance. | Boxer Rebellion |
| The Society of Righteous and Harmonies Fists waged this 1899-1901 anti-Western revolt in China. | Boxer Rebellion |
| One orchestral set by this composer uses bugle melodies from “Reveille” to depict a wartime regiment. | Charles Ives |
| One of this man’s works depicts blaring fire engines and police cars which this composer described as a “ragtime war” between pianos. | Charles Ives |
| A woodwind quartet in one of this man’s works grows more agitated each time they play as a trumpet asked the unanswered “Perennial Question of Existence.” | Charles Ives |
| One of this man’s suites includes movements named for authors like Hawthorne, Emerson, and Thoreau. | Charles Ives |
| American composer of the Concord Sonata and Three Places in New England. | Charles Ives |
| This man was preceded in faith by his relatives Andronicus and Junia. | Paul |
| This man was imprisoned with Silas until an earthquake burst his cell open, though he chose not to escape. | Paul |
| This man likely died after the Great Fire of Rome, and this native of Tarsus criticized Peter for his gentile living style. | Paul |
| This former pharisee wrote that “love is patient, love is kind” and became a Christian after hearing the words “Why do you persecute me.” | Paul |
| This early Christian apostle and epistle writer changed his name from Saul after a revelation along to the road to Damascus. | Paul |
| One of these paintings subtitled “Time Flies” shows an airplane and an alarm clock behind the subject. | Frida Kahlo’s self portraits |
| One of these paintings depicts a deer with a human head wounded with arrows. | Frida Kahlo’s self portraits |
| A panther and monkey appear behind the subject who is wearing a necklace made of thorns in one of these works, another of which shows the artist filled with nails while recuperating from a traffic accident. | Frida Kahlo’s self portraits |
| One piece, The Broken Column is one of many of these paintings to show off its Mexican artist’s distinctive unibrow. | Frida Kahlo’s self portraits |
| Diego Rivera’s wife made these paintings of herself. | Frida Kahlo’s self portraits |
| The main character of this opera gains his indenture after his nursemaid Ruth mishears instructions to train the boy to be a pilot. | Pirates of Penzance |
| Frederic, a character in this opera, falls in love with Mabel, but soon finds out that his indenture is not over at his 21st birthday because he was born on a leap day. | Pirates of Penzance |
| In this musical’s most famous song, one character professes his knowledge in all “matters vegetable, animal, and mineral.” | Pirates of Penzance |
| “I am the Very Model of a Modern Major General” is sung in this Gilbert and Sullivan operetta about a crew of soft-hearted buccaneers. | Pirates of Penzance |
| The name of this policy was coined by psychologist Charles Moskos. | Don’t Ask, Don’t Tell |
| This policy was challenged in McVeigh v. Cohen, and was eventually struck down in Log Cabin Republicans v. US. | Don’t Ask, Don’t Tell |
| A 2012 Palm Center study found that voiding this policy had no impact on moral or military readiness. | Don’t Ask, Don’t Tell |
| In a State of the Union address, Barack Obama called reversing this policy “the right thing to do,” and this policy originally emerged as a compromise between the Clinton Administration and southern conservative senators. | Don’t Ask, Don’t Tell |
| This former US military policy prohibited gay individuals from military service. | Don’t Ask, Don’t Tell |
| Dyrnwyn is an example of one of these in Welsh mythology whose fire burns anyone pursuing evil. | swords |
| One of these objects in Arthurian legend is called Clarent and is owned by Mordred. | swords |
| Kusanagi is one of these objects obtained from the body of Orochi, an eight-headed dragon, that is also called the “grass-cutting” one of these objects. | swords |
| Hrunting and Naegling are two of these objects owned by Beowulf, and King Arthur pulls one of these objects called Caliburn out of a stone. | swords |
| This type of weapon is exemplified by Excalibur. | swords |
| During his childhood, this man’s guardians included Gilbert of Brionne and Osbern. | William the Conqueror |
| This man consolidated power by marrying Matilda of Flanders and enforcing a Truce of God. | William the Conqueror |
| This man received a blessing from Pope Alexander II to perform his most famous action, which he claimed was sanctioned by Edward the Confessor. | William the Conqueror |
| After the success of that invasion, this man defeated the Revolt of the Earls and commissioned the Domesday Book and the Tower of London. | William the Conqueror |
| This victor at the Battle of Hastings was the first Norman King of England. | William the Conqueror |
| One painting from this artistic movement was considered sacrilegious because the carpentry shop it depicted was messy and Mary was unattractive. | Pre-Raphaelite Brotherhood |
| Along with Christ in the House of His Parents, another painting of Jesus from this movement depicts him knocking on a door and was entitled The Light of the World. | Pre-Raphaelite Brotherhood |
| The Germ magazine chronicled work from this movement, and Elizabeth Siddal posed for in a river from Ophelia, a painting from this movement. | Pre-Raphaelite Brotherhood |
| This movement’s founders—William holman Hunt, Dante Gabriel Rossetti, and John Everett Millais—were influenced by art from before the Renaissance. | Pre-Raphaelite Brotherhood |
| This leader promulgated a liberal legal code known as the Nakaz. | Catherine the Great |
| This ruler signed the Treaty of Kucuk-Kaynarca following the Battle of Chesme, and later confined all Jewish subjects to the Pale of Settlement. | Catherine the Great |
| This ruler placed Stanislaw Poniatowski on the throne of a neighboring nation, and one advisor to this ruler created namesake sham villages on the Crimean peninsula. | Catherine the Great |
| This lover of Grigory Potemkin and Grigory Orlov defeated the revolt of Yemelyan Pugachev, who pretended to be this woman’s dethroned husband Peter III. | Catherine the Great |
| Long-serving “enlightened” Russian empress. | Catherine the Great |
| This man ordered that the wives of priests be enslaved at the Synod of Melfi. | Pope Urban II |
| This man was opposed by Antipope Clement III, who held Rome during the entirety of this man’s reign. | Pope Urban II |
| This pope allied himself with Roger I of Sicily, and he was heavily influenced by a delegation sent by Alexius I Komnenos. | Pope Urban II |
| At the Council of Clermont, this pontiff proclaimed “Deus Vult,” or “God wills it,” and urged Christian Europe to reclaim lost territory in the East. | Pope Urban II |
| This eleventh century French Pope launched the First Crusade. | Pope Urban II |
| This man utilized the Schomburgk Line to quell a crisis in Venezuela, and he controversially opposed a train fare discount when governor of his home state. | Grover Cleveland |
| In the White House, this man refused to annex Hawaii, and his frequent use of the veto earned him the nickname “His Obstinacy.” | Grover Cleveland |
| This man overcame a scandal involving Maria Halpin to defeat James Blaine for the presidency, and while in office this man signed the Dawes Act and crushed the 1894 Pullman Strike. | Grover Cleveland |
| This Bourbon Democrat from New York was the only president to serve non-consecutive terms. | Grover Cleveland |
| This country’s revolution began with the Cry of Pugad Lawin and was orchestrated by the Katipunan society. | Philippines |
| The Hukbalahap insurgency advocated for communism in this nation, whose first independent president was Manuel Quezon. | Philippines |
| An American occupation of this nation was resisted by the islamic Moro people and revolutionaries led by Emilio Aguinaldo. | Philippines |
| In 1983, Benigno Aquino was assassinated upon returning to this country, an event which helped spark the People Power Revolution against this nation’s dictator Ferdinand Marcos. | Philippines |
| In Hungarian mythology, Hadur is the god of this concept. | war |
| One deity of this concept was hit in the face when a man became enraged and threw a bull’s leg at her, and another deity of this event owns the Stymphalian birds. | war |
| The Egyptian goddess of this event is named Sekhmet and nearly destroyed all of humanity before Ra got her drunk. | war |
| The Greed god of this concept was caught having an affair with Aphrodite by Hephaestus. | war |
| Gods of this concept include the Babylonian Ishtar and the Greek Ares. | war |
| Members of the Baha’i faith perform this action over the nineteen days before their new year. | fasting |
| Sikh doctrine says that those who perform this action “are rewarded with less than a shell,” and this practice is not performed in Zoroastrianism due to the belief that it weakens the soul and devotion to god by weakening the body. | fasting |
| Jews perform this practice during Yom Kippur, and certain Christians choose to do it during Lent. | fasting |
| Per the fourth pillar of Islam, Muslims engage in this practice during daylight hours of Ramadan. | fasting |
| This piece uses eleven bars of pizzicato and thirty second notes to create different types of rain. | The Four Seasons |
| Jean-Jacques Rousseau arranged a flute solo for this work, which was released in 1725 with accompanying sonnets. | The Four Seasons |
| In one part of this work, a viola plays “always forte” to replicate the barking of the goatherd’s dog while another part of this work depicts a sleeping shepherd. | The Four Seasons |
| Cuckoo calls and drunken dances are imitated in this work, which is included in its composer’s Contest Between Harmony and Invention. | The Four Seasons |
| This set of four violin concertos by Antonio Vivaldi includes “Spring” and “Winter.” | The Four Seasons |
| This man won a prize from the Academy of Metz for an essay criticizing royal absolutism. | Maximilien Robespierre |
| Cécile Renault planned to kill this man, so this man had Renault and her family executed. | Maximilien Robespierre |
| Originally a lawyer from Arras, this man opposed Jean-Jacques Brissot’s warmongering and sponsored the Cult of the Supreme Being. | Maximilien Robespierre |
| During his period of preeminence, this man oversaw purges of the Girondins, the Herbtists, and Georges Danton, but was eventually toppled and executed amidst the Thermidorian Reaction. | Maximilien Robespierre |
| This “incorruptible” radical Jacobin was a leading figure during the French Revolution’s Reign of Terror. | Maximilien Robespierre |
| Pen Sovan founded this nation’s People’s Revolutionary Party, which abandoned Marxist policies under the leadership of Heng Samrin. | Cambodia |
| An empire based in this country grew out of the Chenla kingdom, and this nation’s dark ages began after being conquered by the Ayutthaya Kingdom. | Cambodia |
| This Asian nation’s monarchy ended after a 1950 coup against King Sihanouk. | Cambodia |
| One infamous leader of this nation declared 1975 to be “Year Zero” and purged thousands of “New People” in killing fields. | Cambodia |
| This country, home to Angkor Wat, endured the regime of Pol Pot and the Khmer Rouge. | Cambodia |
| This figure introduced the practice of Seid, a special type of sorcery, to the Aesir, and in one work by this deity is accused of having sex with their sibling. | Freya |
| This deity cries tears of red gold for her absentee husband Odr, and Thor impersonated this goddess in order to retrieve his hammer. | Freya |
| Half of all fallen soldiers go to Valhalla while the other half are accepted into this goddess’ realm Folkvangr, and this goddess owns the necklace Brisingamen. | Freya |
| Norse goddess of love, sex, and beauty. | Freya |
Created by:
Insomnia921