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Criminology
Unit 1 Test
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| A Civil Action/Lawsuit | A noncriminal lawsuit that begins with a complaint and usually involves private parties. person vs person |
| Larceny | The illegal theft or stealing of another person's property |
| Police | the civil force of a government, responsible for the prevention and detection of crime and the maintenance of public order |
| Confinement | to imprison or restrain someone, to keep them in a place, especially in a prison or jail, usually as punishment for committing a crime |
| Corrections | the supervision of persons arrested for, convicted of, or sentenced for criminal offenses, like going to jail, probation, or parole |
| Prosecution | institutes legal procedures against the defense |
| Defense | a team that is defending a person or group against a criminal or civil action is brought against someone who is being sued or accused of committing a crime |
| Courts | any official tribunal (court of justice) presided over by one or several judges in which legal issues and claims are heard and determined |
| Caesar Chavez | He was a Mexican-American Union leader of the NFWA, who in the 60s in California helped grape pickers gain rights by peacefully protesting |
| Indictment | formally charges a person with a criminal offense. The indictment enables a government prosecution of a suspected criminal actor for the offenses charged in the indictment. |
| Arson | deliberately burning or having a house or building burned |
| Plea Bargain | an agreement in criminal law proceedings, whereby the prosecutor provides a concession to the defendant in exchange for a plea of guilt |
| Felony | A crime regarded as more serious than a misdemeanor, usually punishable by imprisonment for more than 1 year, or death |
| Misdemeanor | Any 'lesser' criminal act that is usually punished with less than 12 months in jail |
| Accessory | Anyone who knows ab out a crime or who conceals evidence of a crime |
| Jury | A group of citizens selected to hear evidence in court |
| Homicide | the deliberate and unlawful killing of one person by another; murder. |
| Bill of Rights | The 1st and 10th amendments to the US Constitution |
| 1st Amendment | guarantees freedoms concerning religion, expression, assembly, and the right to petition |
| 2nd Amendment | protects an individual right to possess a firearm unconnected with service in a militia, and to use that arm for traditionally lawful purposes, such as self-defense within the home |
| 3rd Amendment | No Soldier shall, in time of peace be quartered in any house, without the consent of the Owner, nor in time of war, but in a manner to be prescribed by law. |
| 4th Amendment | protects people from unreasonable searches and seizures by the government |
| 5th Amendment | an individual cannot be compelled by the government to provide incriminating information about herself, pleading silent |
| 6th Amendment | guarantees the rights of criminal defendants, including the right to a public trial without unnecessary delay, the right to a lawyer, the right to an impartial jury |
| 7th Amendment | ensures that citizens' civil cases can be heard and decided upon by a jury of their peers |
| 8th Amendment | protects criminal defendants from receiving cruel and unusual punishment from the federal government |
| 9th Amendment | forbids the states to abridge the privileges or immunities of citizens of the United States or to deprive any person of life, liberty, or property without due process of law. |
| 10th Amendment | the Federal Government only has those powers delegated in the Constitution |
| Conspiracy | When two or more people agree to commit an illegal act |
| Criminal Justice System | the system of law enforcement that is directly involved in apprehending, prosecuting, defending, sentencing, and punishing those who are suspected or convicted of criminal offences. |
| System | A group of people that work towards a common goal |
| Summons | a form prepared by the plaintiff and issued by a court that informs the defendant that they are being sued or are required to appear in court. |
| Ordinance | A written law for a town or city |
| Criminal | person vs state, a system of laws concerned with punishment of individuals who commit crimes. This type of prosecution involves the government deciding whether to punish an individual for either an act or an omission |
| Civil | person vs person, that part of the law that encompasses business, contracts, estates, domestic relations, accidents, negligence, and everything related to legal issues, statutes, and lawsuits, that is not criminal law |
| Supreme Court (Justices) | the highest federal court in the US, consisting of nine justices and taking judicial precedence over all other courts in the nation (The Justices are the Judges in this court) |
| Precedent | a decided case that furnishes a basis for determining later cases involving similar facts or issues |
Created by:
marleta