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AP Lang Summer Vocab
So you don't fail!
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Appeals | (ethical, emotional, logical) (related: rhetorical triangle) |
| argument | a reason or set of reasons given with the aim of persuading others that an action or idea is right or wrong. |
| discourse | written or spoken communication or debate. |
| rhetoric | the art of effective or persuasive speaking or writing, especially the use of figures of speech and other compositional techniques. |
| rhetorical modes | patterns of organization or methods of development; they are the ways that authors and speakers organize their ideas to communicate effectively.(classification, definition, description, exemplification, exposition, narration, problem definition) |
| semantics | the branch of linguistics and logic concerned with meaning |
| style | the manner in which ideas are expressed, the combination of distinctive or unique features characterizing a writer or person. |
| thesis | a statement or theory that is put forward as a premise to be maintained or proved. |
| connotation | an idea or feeling that a word invokes in addition to its literal or primary meaning |
| denotation | the literal or primary meaning of a word, in contrast to the feelings or ideas that the word suggests |
| diction | the choice and use of words and phrases in speech or writing |
| ellipsis | the omission from speech or writing of a word or words that are superfluous or able to be understood from contextual clues |
| equivocation | the use of ambiguous language to conceal the truth or to avoid committing oneself; prevarication |
| euphemism | a mild or indirect word or expression substituted for one considered to be too harsh or blunt when referring to something unpleasant or embarrassing |
| hyperbole | exaggerated statements or claims not meant to be taken literally |
| juxtaposition | the fact of two things being seen or placed close together with contrasting effect |
| malapropism | the mistaken use of a word in place of a similar-sounding one, often with unintentionally amusing effect, as in, for example, “dance a flamingo ” |
| mood | the atmosphere or pervading tone of something, especially a work of art |
| non sequitur | a conclusion or statement that does not logically follow from the previous argument or statement |
| pedantic | of or like a pedant. "many of the essays are long, dense, and too pedantic to hold great appeal" |
| platitude | a remark or statement, especially one with a moral content, that has been used too often to be interesting or thoughtful. |
| polemic | a strong verbal or written attack on someone or something. |
| sarcasm | the use of irony to mock or convey contempt. |
| syntax | the arrangement of words and phrases to create well-formed sentences in a language |
| tone | the means by which a writer conveys attitudes, more specifically what attitude the writer wants to convey to the reader. |
| transition | a passage in a piece of writing that smoothly connects two topics or sections to each other. |
| understatement | the presentation of something as being smaller, worse, or less important than it actually is |
| voice | the distinctive tone or style of a literary work or author |
| allegory | story, poem, or picture that can be interpreted to reveal a hidden meaning, typically a moral or political one |
| alliteration | the occurrence of the same letter or sound at the beginning of adjacent or closely connected words |
| allusion | an expression designed to call something to mind without mentioning it explicitly; an indirect or passing reference |
| analogy | a comparison between two things, typically for the purpose of explanation or clarification |
| anecdote | a short amusing or interesting story about a real incident or person |
| irony | the expression of one's meaning by using language that normally signifies the opposite, typically for humorous or emphatic effect |
| metaphor | a figure of speech in which a word or phrase is applied to an object or action to which it is not literally applicable |
| motif | a distinctive feature or dominant idea in an artistic or literary composition |
| oxymoron | a figure of speech in which apparently contradictory terms appear in conjunction |
| paradox | a seemingly absurd or self-contradictory statement or proposition that when investigated or explained may prove to be well founded or true |
| parallel syntax (parallelism) | the use of successive verbal constructions in poetry or prose which correspond in grammatical structure, sound, meter, meaning |
| parody | an imitation or version of something that falls far short of the real thing; a travesty |
| pun | a joke exploiting the different possible meanings of a word or the fact that there are words which sound alike but have different meanings |
| satire | the use of humor, irony, exaggeration, or ridicule to expose and criticize people's stupidity or vices, particularly in the context of contemporary politics and other topical issues |
| simile | a figure of speech involving the comparison of one thing with another thing of a different kind, used to make a description more emphatic or vivid |
| defend, challenge, or qualify | a task or situation that tests someone's abilities |
| Rhetorical devices | a use of language that is intended to have an effect on its audience |
Created by:
nsahasra
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