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ch 5-6 life span
infancy :cognitive development ,social, and emotional
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Abused children show a high incidence | of personal and social problems. |
| Infants who show avoidant attachment ________. | play without fuss when alone and ignore their mothers upon reunion after a separation |
| Children from high-quality day-care centers are more likely to be disruptive | than children cared for in homes. |
| Dembe, a two-month-old infant, is not afraid when strangers pick her up and play with her. She is also equally comfortable when familiar people pick her up. Dembe is showing _____. | indiscriminate attachment |
| Self-awareness | facilitates the development of emotions such as embarrassment and envy |
| Infants who receive reminders before their memory is tested ________. | experience improvements in their memory |
| Research suggests that mirror neurons are connected with the _________. | built-in human capacity to acquire language |
| Which of the following infants is illustrating the presence of visual recognition memory? | Pierce spends more time looking at the picture of a new person rather than the familiar picture of his mother. |
| Research indicates that the use of vaccines is _______. | in no way connected to the development of autism |
| A difference between secure attachment and insecure attachment is that | at ages five and six, secure children get along better with peers and are better adjusted in school than insecure children. |
| Secure attachment is a type of attachment characterized by________. | mild distress at leave-takings and being readily soothed by reunion |
| Children who are at greater risk for developing psychological disorders and adjustment problems later in life most likely have a ______. | difficult temperament |
| According to the ethological view of attachment, attachment is _______. | an inborn or instinctive response to a specific stimulus |
| Teneca has regular sleep and feeding schedules, approaches new situations with enthusiasm and adapts to them easily, and is generally cheerful. In terms of temperament, Teneca is a(n) _____ | easy child |
| Juan was working on his laptop one day and his 18-month-old daughter was sitting on his lap. A week later, when he was working on his laptop again, his daughter reached out from his lap and started pressing the keys of the laptop. | deferred imitation |
| Anna is a seven-month-old infant. Both her parents are diagnosed with substance use disorder and they often leave Anna unattended for several hours whenever they are under the influence of drugs. Anna is a person being subjected to _____. | emotional neglect |
| True words | are symbols of morality and emotions. |
| Erica is a two-year-old girl touring the local zoo with her parents. She sees an owl for the first time and asks a zoo attendant what it is, and the attendant replies that “it is an owl.” Now, every time Erica sees a bird she calls it an “ool.” | overextension |
| absorb new events into existing schemes | assimilation |
| Sensorimotor substage of _____ reactions , activity is repeated because of its effect on the environment | secondary circular |
| By the age of two months, an infant may show some surprise if a toy duck is placed behind a screen and then taken away so that when the screen is lifted, it is absent. But the infant will not look for it because she has not yet develope | object permanence. |
| The presence of ________ imitation suggests that children have mentally represented behavior patterns. | deferred |
| is the first vocalizing that has the sound of human speech. | Babbling |
| The use of Visual Recognition | memory to assess infants' cognitive development is bases on habituation |
| The ability of the infant to transfer an object from one hand to the other during play is typical of | fifth month of cognitive development. |
| A certain class of neurons that makes it possible for newborns to imitate an adult who is sticking out his tongue | mirror |
| 10 to 12 months infants tent to repeat syallables showing what linguists refer to | echolalia |
| In the fourth substage of the sensorimotor period, infants coordinate schemes to attain goals; that is, they begin to show intentional, goal-directed behavior. This substage lasts approximately from | 8 to 12 months of age. |
| All of the following are prelinguistic vocalizations, with the exception of | holophrases. |
| Infants typically say words beginning at about the age of | 12 months |
| Which of the following is accurate about the Bayley Scales of Infant Development? | The scales do not predict school grades or IQ scores among school children. |
| Infants do not use their tongues when they | cry |
| What is the relationship between a child’s receptive vocabulary development and his or her expressive vocabulary development? | Receptive vocabulary develops more rapidly than expressive vocabulary. |
| A child typically spontaneously creates two-word sentences sometime between the ages of | 18 and 24 months. |
| For the first couple of years, a child’s vocabulary is mainly made of | noun |
| In the study in which two-year-old “Ben” and an adult have a conversation about candy, | Ben uses his own understanding of syntax to produce his own language. |
| Infant-directed speech (“motherese”) is characterized by all of the following | brief sentences. the diminutive morpheme y is frequently added to nouns. speaking slowly and with a higher pitch than normal. |
| There are two major types of insecure attachment: avoidant attachment and | ambivalent/resistant attachment. |
| The first phase of attachment is the | initial-preattachment phase. |
| Harry and Margaret Harlow conducted classic experiments to | demonstrate that contact comfort is critical to the attachment process. |
| According to Lorenz, attachment can occur only during a | critical period. |
| characterized by social deficits and stereotyped behavior but without significant cognitive or language delays. | Asperger’s disorder |
| about_____ of American children under the age of five are cared for in center-based care. | 24% |
| Infants display social referencing | by using caregivers’ facial expressions or tone of voice as clues on how to respond to a situation. |
| Researchers have studied development of the self-concept by placing | rouge on the noses of infants |
| The three basic types of temperament | are easy, difficult, and slow to warm up. |
| Parents may try to modify a child’s initial temperament to achieve a(n) | goodness of fit between child and parent. |
| Which kind of attachment is used to describe babies who seem confused and may move toward the mother while looking away from her? | disorganized–disoriented |
| Sroufe found that insecure attachment at the age of one year predicts psychological disorders at the age of | 17 |
| According to Ainsworth, the clear-cut attachment phase occurs at about what age? | 6 to 7 months |
| Which of the following views of attachment proposes that there is a critical period for developing attachment? | ethological |
| The natives in one Guatemalan village keep their children in a windowless hut and play with them only rarely until they can walk. By what age do the children act as alert and active as children who have been reared normally? | 11 |
| By the time a child is two years of age, nine out of ten parents have | engaged in some sort of psychological or emotional abuse. |
| All of the following are symptoms of autism spectrum disorders except | developing fear of strangers. |
| What does research evidence show about autism? | Autism runs in families to some degree. |
| If someone asked you whether or not day care were a good idea for her three-year-old, which of the following answers would be based on research evidence? | Some children in day care learn to be more cooperative than they were. Some children in day care become somewhat more aggressive than they were. Children in high-quality day care seem to fare better in some ways than children in poor-quality day care. |
| Kim’s son is eight months old and has suddenly begun to cry hysterically and cling to her when strangers come over in the supermarket to say how cute he is. Knowing you are a psychology student, she asks you what you think. | Her son is behaving normally. |
Created by:
goodvibes94