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APES unit 2
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Autotrophs | use photosynthesis |
| A zebra is an example of | a primary consumer |
| If GPP in a wetland is 3 kg a year and respiration is 1.5 kg a year, what is the net primary productivity of the wetland? | 1.5 kg a year |
| The average efficiency of energy transfer between trophic levels is approximately | 10 percent |
| The GPP of an ecosystem is | the total energy captured by photosynthesis |
| Ecosystem boundaries are | depend on many subjective factors |
| Which of the following is fixed from the atmosphere by bacteria? | nitrogen |
| Human construction of buildings and pavement affect the hydrological cycle by I. increasing runoff II. increasing evaporation III. increasing percolation | I and II only |
| The largest carbon pool is found in the | oceans |
| Phosphorous | is a limiting nutrient in many aquatic systems |
| Acid rain is associated with which geochemical cycle? | sulfur |
| Which of the following processes is known as ammonification? | mineralization |
| Haitian farmers are buying mango tree saplings for $10 each, and the full-grown trees product $75 a year. If a farmer wishes to earn $1,500 per year when the trees are grown, how much will the farmer have to spend on saplings? | $200 |
| Which is NOT true about disturbances? | They occur only on short time scales |
| An ecosystem that rapidly returns to its original state after a disturbance is | resilient |
| The intermediate disturbance hypothesis states that intermediate levels of disturbance will | increase species diversity |
| The Hubbard Brook experiment showed that | deforestation increases runoff |
| Which is a measure of how much a disturbance can affect the flows of energy and matter in an ecosystem? | resistance |
| Which is NOT an example of an abiotic component of an ecosystem? | fungi |
| Which is NOT a characteristic of most ecosystems? | distinct boundaries |
| Which is produced during photosynthesis? I. glucose II. sulfur III. carbon dioxide | I only |
| Which could be a cause of decreased evapotranspiration? | increased percolation |
| At which trophic level are eagles that consume fish that eat algae? | tertiary consumers |
| At which trophic level do organisms use a process that produces oxygen as a waste product? | producers |
| Which statement about precision agriculture is false? | it prevents fertilizer runoff to local streams and rivers |
| Which food chain found on the Serengeti Plain is in the correct sequence from lowest trophic level to highest? | shrubs-gazelles-cheetahs-decomposers |
| Which macronutrient is required by humans in the largest amounts? | nitrogen |
| Roughly what percentage of incoming solar energy is converted into chemical energy by producers? | 1 |
| The net primary productivity of an ecosystem is 1 kg a year, and the energy needed by the producers for their own respiration is 1.5 kg . The gross primary productivity of such an ecosystem would be | 2.5 kg |
| A particular plot of land can produce 700 kg of beef per hectare. Beef sells for $4/kg. If that land is converted making corn, which sells for $0.15/kg, about how much will the farmer make selling corn? Assume 10 percent ecological efficiency. | $1,000 |
| Which biogeochemical cycle does NOT have a gaseous component? I. potassium II. sulfur III. phosphorous | I and III |
| Which statement about the carbon cycle is TRUE? | Carbon transfer from photosynthesis is in steady state with respiration and death. |
| Human interaction with the nitrogen cycle is primarily due to | the leaching of nitrates into terrestrial ecosystems. |
| Research at Hubbard Brook showed that stream nitrate | similar; increased |
| Small inputs of this substance, commonly a limiting factor in aquatic ecosystems, can result in algal blooms and dead zones. | phosphorus |
| After a severe drought, the productivity in an ecosystem took many years to return to pre-drought conditions. This observation indicates that the ecosystem has | low resilience |
| Which describes a key difference between photosynthesis and aerobic respiration? | Photosynthesis generates organic compounds whereas aerobic respiration generates inorganic compounds. |
| Ocean acidification represents a key component of the | carbon cycle. |
| How many species are estimated to exist on Earth? | 10 million |
| Two savannas both contain 15 species. In community A, each of the 15 species is represented by 20. In community B, 10 of the species are each represented by 12; the remaining 5 species are each represented by 3. Which is true? | Community A has a higher species evenness |
| Phylogeny is | the branching pattern of evolutionary relationships |
| Which is used to calculate Shannon’s index of diversity? I. the proportion of individuals in each species II. the total number of species III. the number of individuals in each species | I and II |
| A phenotype is | the set of traits expressed in an individual. |
| Which process creates genetic diversity in a population? I. mutation II. allele division III. recombination | I and III |
| Evolved resistance to a pesticide is an example of | artificial selection. |
| Which is the best definition of an adaptation? | a trait that improves an individual’s fitness |
| The change in the genetic composition of a population over time due to random mating is called | genetic drift. |
| In a particular zoo the amount of monkeys has a higher proportion of monkeys with light golden brown fur than in the wild. If the monkeys were recently captured from the wild and if fur color is largely determined by genetics, what process is at work? | the founder effect |
Created by:
ankith