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Chemistry
Chapters 1-2
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Chemistry | the study of the composition, properties and behavior of matter (study of matter) |
| Matter | any object with both mass and volume |
| Mass | amount of matter in an object |
| Volume | amount of space an object takes up |
| Organic Chemistry | substances containing Carbon, Hydrogen, and Oxygen |
| Inorganic Chemistry | Substances not containing Carbon, Hydrogen, and Oxygen |
| Analytic Chemistry | composition of substances |
| Physical Chemistry | behavior of substances |
| Substance | matter that has a uniform makeup |
| Physical properties | property of matter that can be measured without changing its composition |
| States of matter | Solid, Liquid, Gas, Plasma |
| Solid | definite shape and volume |
| Liquid | indefinite shape, definite volume |
| gas | indefinite shape and volume |
| Physical change | change that does not alter the chemical composition of matter |
| heterogenous mixture | non-uniform in composition (ex: veggie soup) |
| homogenous mixture | uniform in composition (ex: salt water) |
| Distillation | separate a homogenous mixture using varying boiling points |
| Element | simplest component of matter |
| Compound | substance made of more than one element |
| Chemical properties | the ability of a substance to undergo a chemical reaction; can only be observed when a substance undergoes a chemical change. |
| Chemical change | energy almost always given off or absorbed; products have different properties that reactants |
| Atom | smallest particle of an element, retaining the properties of that element |
| protons | positive charge; in nucleus; defines atom |
| neutrons | no charge; in nucleus |
| electrons | negative charge; around nucleus; used in forming bonds |
| Valence electrons | atom's outermost electrons |
| Ions | an atom that has gained or lost an electron (has + or - charge) |
| Isotopes | atoms with varying numbers of neutrons |
| Ionic bond | formed from a rxn between a + and - ion. - ion gives + ion electron |
| Covalent bond | two atoms share electrons to form molecules; can have multiple bonds between atoms. |
| Polar molecules | atom doesn't share bonds equally, one end is + and one end is -. |
| Hydrogen bonds | weak interactions between hydrogen atoms |
| malleability | capable of being shaped |
| Extensive property | a property that depends on the amount of matter (ex: mass) |
| Intensive property | a property that depends on the type of matter (ex: color) |
| vapor | gaseous state of a substance that is solid or liquid at room temp |
Created by:
Honey Bunches
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