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Biology Exam 1
Chapter 3
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Plays a role in the synthesis of steroid-based hormones and proteins A) nucleus B) nucleoli C) microtubules D) endoplasmic reticulum E) ribosome | Endoplasmic reticulum |
| The actual site of protein synthesis A) nucleus B) nucleoli C) microtubules D) endoplasmic reticulum E) ribosomes | Ribosomes |
| Hollow cytoskeletal elements that act as organizers for the cytoskeleton A) nucleus B) nucleoli C) microtubules D) endoplasmic reticulum E) ribosomes | Microtubules |
| Dense spherical bodies in the nucleus that are the synthesis site for ribosomal RNA A) nucleus B) nucleoli C) microtubules D) endoplasmic reticulum E) ribosomes | Nucleoli |
| Houses DNA and RNA A) nucleus B) nucleoli C) microtubules D) endoplasmic reticulum E) ribosomes | Nucleus |
| Help prevent molecules from passing through the extracellular space between adjacent cells A) tight junction B) desmosomes C) gap junctions | Tight junction |
| Type of anchoring junction A) tight junction B) desmosomes C) gap junctions | Desmosomes |
| Communicating junction A) tight junction B) desmosomes C) gap junctions | Gap junctions |
| Present in electrically excitable tissues A) tight junction B) desmosomes C) gap junctions | Gap junctions |
| Abundant in tissues subjected to great mechanical stress A) tight junction B) desmosomes C) gap junctions | Desmosomes |
| In osmosis, movement of water occurs toward the solution with the lower solute concentration | False |
| The genetic information is coded in DNA by the regular alternation of sugar and phosphate molecules | False |
| A process by which large particles may be taken into the cell for food, protection of the body, or for disposing of old or dead cells is called phagocytosis | True |
| Diffusion is always from areas of greater to areas of lesser concentration | True |
| The glycocalyx is often referred to as the "cell coat," which is somewhat fuzzy and sticky with numerous cholesterol chains sticking out from the surface of the cell membrane | False |
| Microfilaments are thin strands of the contractile protein myosin | False |
| Interstitial fluid represents one type of extracellular material | True |
| The cell (plasma) membrane normally contains substantial amounts of cholesterol | True |
| Most organelles are bounded by a membrane that is quite different in structure from the lipid bilayer of the plasma membrane | False |
| Only one cell type in the human body has a flagellum | True |
| Microtubules are hollow tubes made of subunits of the protein tubulin | True |
| In certain kinds of muscle cells, calcium ions are stored in ________ A) the smooth ER B) the rough ER C) both smooth and rough ER D) the cytoplasm | The smooth ER |
| A red blood cell placed in pure water would ________ A) shrink B) swell, then shrink as equilibrium reached C) neither shrink nor swell D) swell and burst | Swell and burst |
| Which of the following describes the plasma membrane? A) a single-layered membrane that surrounds the nucleus of the cell B) a double layer of protein enclosing the plasma C) the phospholipid bilayer surrounding the cell D) a membrane composed of tin | The phospholipid bilayer surrounding the cell |
| Which of these is not a function of the plasma membrane? A) it is selectively permeable B) it prevents all potassium ions from leaking out and all sodium ions from crossing into the cell C) it acts as a site of cell-to-cell interaction and recognition | It prevents all potassium ions from leaking out and all sodium ions from crossing into the cell |
| Which structures are fingerlike projections that greatly increase the absorbing surface of cells? A) stereocilia B) microvilli C) cilia D) flagella | Microvilli |
| Which of the following statements is correct regarding diffusion? A) the rate of diffusion is independent of temperature B) the greater the concentration gradient, the faster the rate of diffusion C) molecular weight of a substance does not affect the | The greater the concentration gradient, the faster the rate of diffusion |
| Cell junctions that promote the coordinated activity of cells by physically binding them together into a cell community include all of the following except ________ A) gap junctions B) desmosomes C) peroxisomes D) tight junctions | Peroxisomes |
| If cells are placed in a hypertonic solution containing a solute to which the membrane is impermeable, what could happen? A) the cells will swell and ultimately burst B) the cells will lose water and shrink C) the cells will shrink at first, but will | The cells will lose water and shrink |
| Once solid material is phagocytized and taken into a vesicle, which of the following statements best describes what happens? A) a ribosome enters the vesicle and uses the amino acids in the "invader" to form new protein B) a lysosome combines with the | A lysosome combines with the vesicle and digests the enclosed solid material |
| Which of the following is a function of a plasma membrane protein? A) circulating antibody B) molecular transport through the membrane C) forms a lipid bilayer D) oxygen transport | Molecular transport through the membrane |
| Which of the following would not be a constituent of a plasma membrane? A) glycolipids B) messenger RNA C) glycoproteins D) phospholipids | Messenger RNA |
| Which transport process is the main mechanism for the movement of most macromolecules by body cells? A) phagocytosis B) pinocytosis C) receptor-mediated endocytosis D) secondary active transport | Receptor-mediated endocytosis |
| Passive membrane transport processes include ________ A) movement of a substance down its concentration gradient B) symport or antiport movement of molecules across the membrane C) consumption of ATP D) the use of transport proteins when moving substa | Movement of a substance down its concentration gradient |
| Mitochondria ________ A) are always the same shape B) are single-membrane structures involved in the breakdown of ATP C) contain some of the DNA and RNA code necessary for their own function D) synthesize proteins for use outside the cell | Contain some of the DNA and RNA code necessary for their own function |
| Peroxisomes ________ A) are also called microbodies, and contain acid hydrolases B) are able to detoxify substances by enzymatic action C) function to digest particles ingested by endocytosis D) sometimes function as secretory vesicles | Are able to detoxify substances by enzymatic action |
| Which of the following is a principle of the fluid mosaic model of cell membrane structure? A) phospholipids form a bilayer that is largely impermeable to water-soluble molecules B) phospholipids consist of a polar head and a nonpolar tail made of thre | Phospholipids form a bilayer that is largely impermeable to water-soluble molecules |
| The main component of the cytosol is ________ A) proteins B) sugars C) salt D) water | Water |
| Lysosomes ________ A) are always used for the cell to "commit suicide" B) contain acid hydrolases (digestive enzymes) that are potentially dangerous to the cell C) maintain a highly alkaline internal environment D) are the major site of protein synth | Contain acid hydrolases (digestive enzymes) that are potentially dangerous to the cell |
| A gene can best be defined as ________ A) a three-base triplet that specifies a particular amino acid B) noncoding segments of DNA up to 100,000 nucleotides long C) a segment of DNA that carries the instructions for one polypeptide chain D) an RNA me | A segment of DNA that carries the instructions for one polypeptide chain |
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sagemmyers