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Science Test 1
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What is the substance of the physical world? | matter |
| What factor is changed when testing a hyphothesis? | independent variable |
| What is the term for the factors that remain the same throughout an experiment? | controlled variables |
| Which component of the scientific method involves gathering data in an orderly way? | observing |
| What is the process of speculating about objects or events of nature and formulating a sensible explanation? | hypothesizing |
| In an if/then statement, what is the "then" part called? | consequent |
| What term describes the following type of sentence? "If this is a ______, then it has ______. | hypothetical proposition |
| In the engineering design process, what step comes after researching and developing possible solutions to the problem? | choosing a design and making a detailed plan |
| What is the study of matter? | science |
| What is the ultimate purpose of inductive reasoning? | to determine cause and effect |
| In what type of soil do plants grow best? | neutral or slightly acidic |
| Which of the following affects soil color? | amount of organic material |
| Which primary plant food element is essential for cell division, growth, and plant maturation? | phosphorus |
| What do logicians call a statement of fact that can be used to make a conclusion? | proposition |
| What term describes the ability of bedrock to inhibit water from easily passing through? | impermeable |
| What is a way of explaining an object or event by using a set of facts determined through experiments? | theory |
| The use of science to solve practical problems is called _____? | technology |
| Hypotheses are made using _____ reasoning. | deductive |
| Chemists express the degree of acidity or basicity of a substance using the _______ which has values from 0-14. | pH scale |
| The three basic soil substances that plants need to live are called the _____ | primary plant food elements |
| What soil layer contains more mineral material and less organic material? | subsoil |
| What is the top 5 to 15 cm of soil called? | topsoil |
| What soil material has the smallest and most tightly packed particles? | clay |
| Which of the following is part of potassium's primary function for plants? | promoting general health |
| What type of soil allows the most air and water into itself? | sandy soil |
| What type of soil allows the most rain to run off? | clayey soil |
| What type of bacteria returns nitrogen to the atmosphere by converting nitrogen from nitrates into atmospheric nitrogen? | denitrifying bacteria |
| What is the basic compound of nitrogen and hydrogen that enters the soil through the action of certain bacteria and the decay of plants and animals? | ammonia |
| What is the general term for water below the soil's surface? | groundwater |
| What is a layer of either porous rock or gravel-soil mixture that holds water? | aquifer |
| What is the surface of the water under the ground? | water table |
| What are the minimum characteristics that a design must have to function at all? | criteria |
| What is a model of a design that will be used for testing? | prototype |
| What is a reason that logic is needed in science? | analyzing experimental results requires reasoning |
| Why can a scientific idea never be proven beyond all doubt? | groups may have differences beyond factors under study |
| What is reasoning from specific evidence to a more general conclusion? | inductive reasoning |
| What form of inductive reasoning involves comparing two situations that are the same except for one factor? | method of difference |
| What is anything that provides a partial representation of something else? | model |
| What do pedologists use to provide standard names and descriptions of colors? | Munsell chart |
| What is the upward movement of water through a tiny space in response to surface tension? | capillarity |
| term for how tightly packed matter is | density |
| term for substance composed of only one type of atom | element |
| term for atoms linked together in a group | molecule |
| term for amount of matter in an object | mass |
| term for substance containing two or more types of atoms bonded together | compound |
| The ability of a hypothesis to be proven false is ____ | falsibiability |
| A conclusion based on reasoning is an _____ | inference |
| When you repeat an experiment multiple times with the same conclusion each time, this experiment has _____ | repeatability |
| Soil material derived from living organisms is _____ material | organic |
| If a soil sample's pH is 9, then the sample is _____ | basic |
| What happens if nitrifying bacteria is removed from the nitrogen cycle? | Nitrifying bacteria converts ammonia to nitrates. If it is removed, there would be too much ammonia making the soil more basic and less fertile. |
| What is post hoc fallacy? | a logic error in which someone assumes that a change is one factor caused a change in another factor just because the second change occurred after the first |
| Criterion definition | any of the minimum characteristics that a design must have to function at all |
| denying the consequent | form of deductive inference in which the antecedent of a hypothetical proposition must be false because the consequent is known to be false |
| deductive reasoning | reasoning from evidence to a more specific conclusion |
| dependent variable | variable in an experiment that is observed to determine the results of the experiment |
| After deciding to build a design of something, what should you do next? | determine limitations on the design |
Created by:
pinkhearts1018