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Chemistry Vocab
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Atom | The smallest identifiable unit of an element |
| Matter | Anything that occupies space and has mass. Matter exists in three different states : Solid, Liquid, and Gas |
| Proton | A positively charged nuclear particle. A proton's mass is approximately 1 AMU |
| Neutron | A nuclear particle with no electrical charge and nearly the same mass as a proton |
| Electron | A negatively charged particle that occupies most of the atom's volume but contributes almost none of its mass |
| Nucleus | The small core containing most of the atom's mass and all of its positive charge. The nucleus is made up of protons and neutrons |
| Atomic Mass Unit (AMU) | The unit commonly used to express the masses of protons, neutrons, and nuclei. = 1.66 × 10^-24 g |
| Atomic Number (Z) | The number of protons in the nucleus of an atom |
| Mass Number A | The sum of the number of neutrons and protons in an atom |
| Average Atomic Mass ( or atomic mass) | A weighted average of the masses of each naturally occurring isotope of an element ; atomic mass is the average mass of atoms of an element |
| Ion | An atom (group of atoms) that has gained or lost one or more electrons, so that it has an electric charge |
| Charge | A fundamental property of protons and electrons. Charged particles experience forces such that like changes repel and unlike charges attract |
| Cation | A positively charged ion |
| Anion | A negatively charged ion |
| Isotope | One of two or more atoms with the same number of protons but different numbers if neutrons |
| Percent Natural Abundance | The percentage amount of each isotope of an element in a naturally occurring sample of the element |
| Lewis Dot Structure | A drawing that represents chemical bonds between atoms as shared or transferred electrons ; the valence electrons of atoms are represented as dots |
| Lone Pairs | Electrons that are only on one atom in a lewis structure |
| Unpaired Electrons | An electron that is by itself and available for bonding with another electron. |
| Octet Rule | A rule that states that an atom will give up, accept, or share electrons in order to achieve a filled outer electron shell, which usually consists of 8 Electrons |
| Valence Electrons | The electrons in the outermost principal shell of an atom ; they are involved in chemical bonding |
| Bohr Model | A model for the atom in which electrons travel around the nucleus in circular orbits at specific, fixed distances from the nucleus |
| Energy Levels | Fixed distances from the nucleus of an atom where electrons may be found. |
| Metal | Elements that tend to lose electron in chemical reactions. They are found at the left side and in the center of the periodic table |
| Nonmetal | Elements that tend to gain electrons in chemical reactions. They are found at the upper right side of the periodic table. |
Created by:
JayCampo
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