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AP Stats U0
Unit 0 Terms and Definitions
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Observational Study | The researcher observes and measures but does not influence the response |
| Observational Units | The subject we're describing |
| Variables | What we're measuring in our observational units |
| Experiment | The researcher imposes a treatment to influence the response |
| Association | The conclusion from an observational study |
| Causation | Conclusion from an experiment |
| Explanatory Variable/Factor | Variable being manipulated in an experiment |
| Level | Values of a factor |
| Treatment | Combination of factor levels of explanatory variables |
| Response Variable | Variable being measured |
| Lurking Variable | Variable not included that could confound results |
| Extraneous Variable | Variable present in an experiment not being studied that might or might not affect results |
| Confounding | Variables can't be distinguished from each other but both influence the response |
| Random Assignment | Experimental units are assigned a treatment using a chance process |
| Completely Randomized Design | Every experimental unit has the same chance to be in each treatment group |
| Control Group | A non-treatment group in an experiment |
| Simple Random Sample | When units are chosen completely randomly from the population |
| Systematic Random Sample | When units are chosen based on a pattern |
| Stratified Random Sample | When units are split into homogenous groups then chosen equally from those groups |
| Cluster Sample | When units are split into heterogenous groups then a group or groups are chosen |
| Multistage Sample | When units are chosen using any combination of other sampling methods |
| Placebo | A fake treatment that keeps the subject from knowing if they are being treated |
| Placebo effect | The psychological response to a fake treatment, subjects improve because they expect it to work |
| Single Blind | One side is blind, either the subjects or the researchers don't know which treatment is received |
| Double Blind | Both the subjects and researchers don't know which treatment is received |
| Block | A group of similar experimental units placed into groups after they're chosen |
| Randomized Block Design | Units are randomly assigned treatments within their blocks |
| Matched Pairs Design | Special case of Randomized Block Design with two treatment conditions where similar participants are blocked in pairs then treatment is randomly assigned |
Created by:
reynolds24
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