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Scientific study of how people behave, think and feel.
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He is an American philosopher and psychologist who described two aspects of the self.
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Self in Psychology
Understanding The Self
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Scientific study of how people behave, think and feel. | Psychology |
| He is an American philosopher and psychologist who described two aspects of the self. | William James |
| James described two aspects of the self that he termed the? | "I - Self" and "Me - Self" |
| James stated that “People define themselves ______________ greatly influences how they think, feel, and behave, and is ultimately related to the construct of identity” | in relation to others |
| It is the pure ego or thinking self ; it is linked to our soul or mind | "I" Self |
| It is the personal experience | "Me" Self |
| What are the dimensions/features of the "Me" Self? | 1. Material self 2. Social self 3. Spiritual self |
| According to William James what is the "I" (Basic concept)? | self as knower, experiencer, present tense, story teller |
| According to William James what is the "Me" (Basic concept)? | self as known, experienced, past tense, story |
| It is a continuous process throughout the lifespan; one's sense of self may change, at least somewhat, throughout one's life. | Self-development |
| It has important implications for socio-emotional functioning throughout the lifespan. | Self-representation |
| It is defined by James as an empirical self or "me" | Self |
| It is constituted by: our bodies, clothes, immediate family, and home. It is it to these things, according to James, that we are most deeply affected because of our investments of self within these things. | Material self |
| The more we invest of ourselves in these objects, the more attached to them we inevitably are to them | Material self |
| What comprises of our material self if not the physical entities? | Our psychological ownership of them |
| It refers to how we are regarded and recognized by others. William James believes that it is not only our behavior among those around us but, mainly, how do those around us notice and accept us. | Social self |
| It is our inner self or our psychological self. It is comprised of our self-perceived abilities, attitudes, emotions, interests, values, motives, opinions, traits, and wishes. | Spiritual self |
| This is a subjective self that is aware of its own actions and the I-self. We choose the state by ourselves and choose if we want to stay permanently in repeating conditions. | Pure ego (transcendental self) |
| She is a psychologist and author who detailed the emergence of self-concept in early childhood and the origins and development of the self, demonstrating how the self is a concept that is gradually constructed. | Susan Harter |
| By age two, most children correctly identify themselves as a boy or a girl, although they may not be fully aware that gender is constant until several years later. | Early childhood |
| At this age, children also tend to describe themselves in terms of concrete, observable characteristics and typical behaviors and activities. In short, young children tend to think of themselves in terms of their observable verifiable characteristics. | Early childhood |
| Several changes in self-descriptions occur during middle childhood. First, self descriptions become more general. Children at this age also begin defining themselves (and others) in psychological terms, such as traits and abilities. | Middle childhood |
| Children at this age also become more adept at taking the perspective of the generalized other and to see themselves from other people’s point of view. Social comparison processes also become more influential at this stage of life. | Middle childhood |
| They define themselves in abstract qualities that emphasize their perceived emotions and psychological characteristics. | Adolescents |
| What are the 8 Self-Perception Profile for Adolescents by Harter | 1. Scholastic competence 2. Athletic competence 3. Social acceptance 4. Physical appearance 5. Behavioral conduct 6. Close friendship 7. Romantic appeal 8. Job competence |
| They are more strongly correlated to global self-esteem. | Physical appearance and peer social acceptance |
| He is an American psychologist who stated that "The curious paradox is that when I accept myself just as I am, then I can change." | Carl Ransom Rogers |
| It means to fulfil one's potential and achieve the highest level of human-beingness | Self-actualize |
| Rogers described the self as a? | social product, developing out of interpersonal relationships and striving for consistency |
| It is the perception that we have of ourselves, our answer when we ask ourselves the question "Who am i?". | Self-concept |
| Self-concept is about knowing one's own? | tendencies, thoughts, preferences and habits, hobbies, skills, and areas of weakness. |
| What is the first characteristic of self according to Rogers? | A learned, conscious sense of being separate and distinct from other people and things |
| What is the second characteristic of self according to Rogers? | Self is a consistent pattern, an organized whole |
| What is the third characteristic of self according to Rogers? | Self has an actualization tendency - the basic human motivation/drive to fulfil our potentials in order to maintain, and enhance the self |
| What are the two categories of the self according to Rogers? | 1. Ideal self 2. Real self |
| It is defined as one’s view of self as one wishes to be. It contains all those attributes, usually positive, that people aspire to possess. | Ideal self |
| It is the self that feels most true to what and who we really are. It may not be perfect, but it is the part of us that feels most real. | Real self |
| The real self can be seen by others, but because we have no way of truly knowing how others view us, the real self is? | our self-image |
| If the way that I am (the real self) is aligned with the way that I want to be (the ideal self), then I will feel a sense of mental well-being or peace of mind | Congruence |
| If the way that I am is not aligned with how I want to be, the incongruence, or lack of alignment, will result in mental distress or anxiety | Incongruence |
| Congruent or incongruent: 1. The self-concept is similar to the ideal self 2. There is more overlap 3. Person can self-actualize | Congruent |
| Congruent or incongruent: 1. The self-concept is different from the ideal self 2. There is a little overlap 3. Self-actualization can be difficult | Incongruent |
| He was a Swiss clinical psychologist and he pioneered the “theory of cognitive development” | Jean Piaget |
| It is a progressive reorganization of mental processes resulting from biological maturation and environmental experience. | Cognitive development |
| What are the three basic components of Piaget's cognitive theory | 1. Schema 2. Adaptation 3. Stages of cognitive development |
| It is the building blocks of knowledge. They are mental organizations that individuals use to understand their environments and designate action | Schema |
| It involves the child's earning process to meet situational demands. | Adaptation |
| What are the two processes of adaptation? | 1. Assimilation 2. Accommodation |
| It is the application of previous concepts to new concepts | Assimilation |
| It happens when people encounter new information or when existing ideas are challenged. | Accommodation |
| They reflect the increasing sophistication of the child’s thought process. | Stages of cognitive development |
| What are the four stages of cognitive development? | 1. Sensorimotor 2. Preoperational 3. Concrete operations 4. Formal operations |
| The child learns by doing: looking, sucking, touching. Object Permanence emerges | Sensorimotor (0-2 yrs old) |
| The child uses language and symbols | Preoperational (2-7 yrs old) |
| The child demonstrate conservation, reversibility, serial ordering , understanding of cause and effect. | Concrete operations (7-11 yrs old) |
| The individual demonstrate abstract thinking (ex. Ability to understand hypothetical situations). | Formal operations (12+) |
| He developed the transactional analysis model as a basis of understanding behavior | Eric Berne |
| Types of Ego States | 1. Parent 2. Adult 3. Child |
| It is the e voice of authority, it could be comforting voice or a “ controlling/critical parent” voice that tells what you should or you should not do. | Parent Ego State |
| It is the rational person, it is the voice that speaks reasonably and knows how to assert herself/himself. | Adult Ego State |
| Who loves to play but is sensitive and vulnerable | Natural child |
| The curious child who wants to try everything | Little professor |
| The one who reacts to the world, he/she could be trying to fit in or is rebelling against authority. | Adaptive child |
Created by:
nren