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Literary Terms
AP English Language & Composition: Rhetorical Triangle & Figurative Language
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Ethos | Speaker |
| Logos | Message |
| Pathos | Audience |
| Kairos | Context |
| Telos | Purpose |
| Allusion (1) | A direct or indirect reference to something which is presumably commonly known, such as an event, book, myth, place, or work of art. Allusions can be historical, literary, religious, topical, or mythical. |
| Allegory (1) | The device of using character and/or story elements symbolically to represent an abstraction in addition to the literal meaning. |
| Ambiguity (1) | The multiple meanings, either intentional or unintentional, of a word, phrase, sentence, or passage. |
| Analogy (1) | A similarity or comparison between two different things or the relationship between them. Can explain something unfamiliar by associating it with or pointing out its similarity to something more familiar. Vivid. |
| Alliteration (1) | The repetition of sounds, especially initial consonants in two or more neighboring words (as in “she sells sea shells). |
| Antecedent (2) | The word, phrase, or clause referred to by a pronoun. The AP Language exam occasionally asks for the antecedent of a given pronoun in a long, complex sentence or in a group of sentences. |
| Antithesis (2) | Figure of balance in which two contrasting ideas are intentionally juxtaposed, usually through parallel structure; a contrasting of opposing ideas in adjacent phrases, clauses, or sentences. Creates a definite and systematic relationship between ideas. |
| Anaphora (2) | One of the devices of repetition, in which the same expression (word or words) is repeated at the beginning of two or more lines, clauses, or sentences. |
| Anecdote (2) | A short narrative detailing particulars of an interesting episode or event. The term most frequently refers to an incident in the life of a person. |
| Aphorism (2) | A terse statement of known authorship which expresses a general truth or a moral principle. |
| Asyndeton (3) | Consists of omitting conjunctions between words, phrases, or clauses. This can give the effect of unpremeditated multiplicity, of an extemporaneous rather than a labored account. These lists can be more emphatic than if a final conjunction were used. |
| Apostrophe (3) | A figure of speech that directly addresses an absent or imaginary person or a personified abstraction, such as liberty or love. It is an address to someone or something that cannot answer. The effect is to give vent to or display intense emotion. |
| Atmosphere (3) | The emotional mood created by the entirety of a literary work, established partly by the setting and partly by the author’s choice of objects that are described. |
| Claus (3) | The point that you want to consider is the question of what or why the author subordinates one element to the other. Independent stands alone and dependent does not. |
| Chiasmus (3) | (From the Greek word for “criss-cross,” a designation baed on the Greek letter “chi,” written X). Chiasmus is a figure of speech in which two successive phrases or clauses are parallel in syntax, but reverse the order of the analogous words. |
| (4) |
Created by:
Anika Culp
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