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BSN 225 week 2
Week 2 Sherpath - (8 lessons)
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Infection control primarily deals with the removal of what type of Flora? | Transient Flora |
| Which Flora is generally harmless? | Resident Flora |
| Which Flora grows in the epidermis? | Resident Flora |
| Which Flora is difficult to remove? | Resident Flora |
| Which Flora grows in the dermis (deepest layers of the skin)? | Resident Flora |
| Which Flora grows in hair follicles? | Resident Flora |
| Which Flora is picked up through contact with infected patient? | Transient Flora |
| Which Flora grows on the epidermis (superficial skin layer)? | Transient Flora |
| Which Flora is often pathogenic? | Transient Flora |
| Which Flora is easily removed? | Transient Flora |
| Which Flora is picked up through contact with contaminated surfaces? | Transient Flora |
| Define Medical Asepsis | The state of being free from disease causing microorganisms |
| Define Surgical Asepsis | The absence of all microorganisms within any type of invasive procedure |
| Which handwashing technique is performed whenever hands are visibly dirty? | Medical Aseptic handwashing |
| Which handwashing technique aims hands/fingers downward when rinsing? | Medical Aseptic handwashing |
| Which handwashing technique starts with washing hands, and ends with washing the fingers? | Medical Aseptic handwashing |
| Which handwashing technique can be dried with a paper towel? | Medical Aseptic handwashing |
| Which handwashing technique is performed before any contact with patient's intact skin? | Medical Aseptic handwashing |
| Which handwashing technique is performed if a sterile body cavity in entered? | Surgical Aseptic handwashing |
| Which handwashing technique starts with washing hands, and ends with washing down to the elbows? | Surgical Aseptic handwashing |
| Which handwashing technique is performed if the patient's skin is broken, or the skin is being penetrated? | Surgical Aseptic handwashing |
| Which handwashing technique aims hands/fingers/ upward when rinsing? | Surgical Aseptic handwashing |
| Which handwashing technique must be dried with a sterile surgical towel? | Surgical Aseptic handwashing |
| Regarding an environmental safety assessment of a pt's room, why is it not okay to put up all four of the pt's side rails? | It is considered entrapment |
| Regarding an environmental safety assessment of a pt's room, what should you do with a prescription medicine bottle? | Give it to the pharmacy |
| Regarding an environmental safety assessment of a pt's room, what should be done with a spill/wet spot on the floor? | Cover wet spot and call for cleaning |
| Regarding an environmental safety assessment of a pt's room, where should the call button remote be placed? | Within pt's reach |
| When are alcohol-based hand sanitizers effective for reducing microorganisms on a health care worker? | 1. When they are at least 60% alcohol 2. The hands are not visibly dirty |
| When is washing hands the best way to reduce microorganisms? | 1. When the hands are visibly dirty 2. After known or suspected exposure to C.Diff 3. Before eating 4. After toileting |
| Name the five PPE types used to protect the spread of infection | 1. Gowns 2. Masks 3. Goggles or Face Shields 4. Head and Shoe Covers 5. Gloves |
| What is the sequence of donning PPE? | 1. Hand Hygiene 2. Don gown (top string around neck, bottom string waist, pull sleeves to wrists) 3. Adjust Mask 4. Adjust Eyewear 5. Apply head cover 6. Apply shoe cover 7. Don gloves |
| What is the sequence of doffing PPE? | 1. Remove gloves 2. Remove eyewear 3. Remove gown, roll into ball 4. Remove mask, without touching face directly 5. Remove shoe and head covers without touching hair 6. Hand hygiene |
| What is another term for Medical Asepsis? | Clean technique |
| What chain of infection does handwashing break? | Mode of transmission is disrupted |
| What are the 5 standard precautions implemented for all patients in any setting? | 1. Hand hygiene 2. Using PPE 3. Safe injection practices 4. Safe handling of potentially contaminated equipment or surfaces in the pt environment 5. Respiratory hygiene/cough etiquette |
| What are the 4 indications for PPE use? | 1. Blood and bodily fluids, secretions or excretions 2. Nonintact skin 3. Mucous membranes 4. Other potentially infectious material |
| What are the 4 safe injection practices? | 1. Discard needles in sharps container, including discontinued IV cannulas 2. Use safety needles 3. Use needleless system when possible 4. Never recap used needles |
| What are 4 respiratory hygiene and etiquette practices? | 1. Covering the mouth and nose with a tissue when sneezing or coughing 2. Using the nearest waste receptacle to dispose of the tissue after use 3. Performing hand hygiene afterwards 4. Wear a mask if infected |
| What are the 3 transmission-based precautions? | 1. Airborne precautions 2. Contact precautions 3. Droplet precautions |
| Contact precautions include: | -Single patient room or cohorting of patients with similar risk factors if a single room is not available -PPE use upon entry into room and discarding upon exit to contain pathogen |
| What are 4 contact precaution conditions? | 1. Multidrug-resistant organisms 2. Scabies and herpes simplex virus 3. Excessive wound drainage 4. Fecal incontinence with potential for environmental contamination and risk for transmission |
| Droplet precautions include: | -Protocol per institution policy -PT is placed in a single patient room with door closed -If private room unavailable, pt wears facemask -PPE use |
| What are 7 droplet precaution conditions? | 1. Pharyngeal diphtheria 2. Mumps, rubella, and pertussis 3. Streptococcal pharyngitis and scarlet fever 4. Pneumonias (streptococcal, mycoplasma, meningococcal) 5. Pneumonic plague 6. Meningococcal sepsis 7. Influenza |
| Airborne precautions include: | -Protocol per institution policy -Pt's enter through a separate entrance to facility - PT immediately placed in an airborne infection isolation room AIIR -PPE use: N95 respirator or higher, gowns, gloves, goggles and facemask -PT wears a facemask |
| What are 3 airborne precaution conditions? | 1. Varicella or disseminated varicella zoster (chickenpox) 2. Rubeola (measles) 3. Mycobacterium tuberculosis (pulmonary or laryngeal tuberculosis) |
| What are 5 personal actions one can take to prevent or slow the transmission of infectious agents? | 1. hand hygiene 2. Cleaning surfaces and objects routinely 3. Maintaining immunizations 4. Covering coughs and sneezes 5. Staying home when sick |
| What are 7 community actions one can take to prevent or slow the transmission of infectious agents? | 1. handwashing campaigns 2. Installing handwashing or alcohol-based hand rub dispensers in public 3. Encouraging immunization 4. Closing schools when pandemics occur 5. Making sick-leave policies more flexible 6. Telework 7. Cancel mass gatherings |
| Name the the 9 communicable diseases for which federal isolation and quarantine are authorized: | 1. Cholera 2. Diphtheria 3. Infectious TB 4. Plague 5. Smallpox 6. Yellow fever 7. Viral hemorrhagic fevers 8. Severe acute respiratory syndromes 9. Influenza that causes a pandemic |
| Respiratory Tract Infection interventions | -sputum culture -Administer antibiotics -Complete blood count -Respiratory precautions -Administer oxygen -Spirometry and chest physiotherapy -Administer bronchodilators, mucolytics, and cough suppresents |
| Urinary Tract Infection interventions | -Urinalysis -Administer antibiotics and antipyretics -Complete blood count -Urinary analgesic |
| Gastrointestinal Tract Infection interventions | -Administer antiemetic or antidiarrheal -Ensure hydration -Stool for ova and parasites if prescribed -C. Diff PCR test if prescribed -Administer antibiotics and antipyretics as prescribed -Completed blood count |
| Cellulitis interventions | -Administer antibiotics and antipyretics -Complete blood count -Wound care -Wound culture if prescribed |
| Meningitis interventions | -Lumbar puncture -Administer antibiotics and antipyretics -Complete blood count -Seizure precautions |
| What 3 relevant cues would point to a diagnosis/hypothesis of a Respiratory Tract Infection | 1. Dyspnea (shortness of breath) 2. Productive cough 3. Decreased pulse oximetry |
| What 4 relevant cues would point to a diagnosis-hypothesis of a Urinary Tract Infection? | 1. Polyuria (frequent urination) 2. Dysuria (painful urination) 3. Foul-smelling, cloudy urine 4. Hematuria (blood in urine) |
| What 3 relevant cues would point to a diagnosis/hypothesis of a Gastrointestinal Tract Infection? | 1. Abdominal pain 2. Nausea and vomiting 3. Diarrhea |
| What 4 relevant cues would point to a diagnosis/hypothesis of Cellulitis (bacterial skin infection) | 1. Localized swelling of the skin 2. Tenderness 3. Drainage 4. Redness |
| What 3 relevant cues would point to a diagnosis/hypothesis of Meningitis (inflammation of the fluid and membranes surrounding brain and spinal cord) | 1. Headache 2. Neck stiffness 3. Confusion |
| What are the 4 criteria for systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS)? | 1. Fever > 100.4F/38.0C or hypothermia <96.8F/36.0C 2. Tachycardia >90 beats/min 3. Tachypnea > 20 breaths per minute 4. Leukocytosis > 12,000 or leukopoenia <4000 |
| Name 7 other factors associated with increased severity of infection: | 1. Altered mental status 2. End-organ damage 3. Vital sign changes 4. Type of microorganism 5. Origin of infection 6. Recurrent infection 7. Comorbidities (diabetes, cancer, heart disease) |
| What 4 things does a complete blood cell count CBC involve? | 1. Red blood cells RBCs 2. White blood cells WBCs 3. Platelets 4. Reticulocytes |
| What is the average WBC between for healthy adults? | 4500-10,500cells/mm^3 |
| What are 2 reasons why WBC would be increased? | 1. acute infections 2. active inflammatory disorders |
| What are 2 reasons why WBC would be decreased? | 1. overwhelming bacterial infections 2. viral infections |
| What is the White Blood Cell Differential? | The WBC differential provides the number of each type of WBC |
| What does an increased or higher than normal production of immature WBCs referred to as? | Left shift or shift to the left |
| What is the Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate (ESR)? | The ESR provides information about the presence of inflammation and infection in the body |
| What is the normal ESR range in men and in women? | 0.22 mm/hr for men and 0.29 mm/hr for women |
| What is Serum Complement? | Serum complement levels provide information about the presence of inflammation and infection in the body |
| What is the normal total serum complement level? | 41-90 hemolytic units |
| What is C-Reactive Protein? | C-reactive protein levels provide information about the presence of inflammation and infection in the body |
| What is the normal C-reactive protein level? | Less than 1.0 mg/L |
| What is Lactate Level? | Lactate levels provide information about sepsis, decreased oxygenation, and septic shock |
| What is the normal lactate level? | Less than 1.0 mmol/L in both arterial and venous blood |
| What do Lactate levels great than 2.0 mmol/L indicate? | Sepsis |
| What do Lactate levels greater than 4.0 mmol/L indicate? | Decreased oxygenation, septic shock, and increased mortality |
| What are the 3 stages of inflammation? | 1. Capillary dilation 2. Increased Capillary Permeability 3. Exudate Formation and Repair |
| Which body system has proteins with antimicrobial properties and promotes phagocytosis? | The respiratory system |
| Which areas of the body typically contain normal flora? | Skin, Mouth, Upper throat, Small intestine |
| What is the second line of immune protection? | Adaptive immunity |
| What are the two types of adaptive immunity? | Humoral and Cellular immunity |
| Define humoral immunity | a form of adaptive immunity mediated by circulating antibodies which coat the antigen and target them for destruction by neutrophils |
| Define cellular immunity | a form of adaptive immunity that is acquired immunity characterized by the dominant role of T-cell lymphocytes, involved in resistance to infectious disease caused by viruses. |
| What are the five different types of immunoglobulins? | 1. IgA 2. IgD 3. IgE 4. IgG 5. IgM |
| What is humoral immunity | Humoral immunity involves specialized WBCs (B lymphocytes) that produce antibodies in response to antigens circulating in the lymph or blood. |
| What cells are responsible for producing antibodies? | B-lymphocytes |
| What organization places a focus on patient safety when evaluating health care agencies for accreditation? | The Joint Commission |
| How often does the Joint Commission reevaluate their safety goals? | Every 12 months |
Created by:
Awolfgram24