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Esters
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| When naming esters, the _______ part is named first, followed by the name of the acid | Alcohol |
| What is the suffix for esters? | -ate |
| Organic compounds formed by the reaction of an acid an alcohol or a phenol | Esters |
| How is an ester written? | RCOOR + H2O |
| Where does esters derived from? | Monocarboxylic acids |
| What is the color of esters? | Colorless |
| True or False: Esters are generally nonpolar liquids or solids | True |
| What is the physical state of a low and intermediate-molar-mass esters? | Liquid |
| What is the odor of esters? | Fragrant or fruity odors |
| High-molar-mass esters are ________ and are obtained from various _________ | waxes; plants |
| What is the most important reaction of esters? | Hydrolysis |
| It is the splitting of molecules through the addition of water | Hydrolysis |
| In living systems, what acts as an catalyst? | Enzymes |
| The hydrolysis of an ester involves the reaction with water to form a carboxylic acid and an alcohol | Acid Hydrolysis |
| What is formed when a hydrolysis of an ester involves reaction w/ water? | Carboxylic acid and alcohol |
| Acid hydrolysis: RCOOR + HO-H -------> | RCOOH + ROH |
| It is the hydrolysis of an ester by a strong base (NaOH or KOH) to produce an alcohol and a salt (or soap if the salt formed is from a high-molar-mass acid) | Saponification |
| In saponification, the base is a? | Reactant |
| Other term for saponification? | Alkaline hydrolysis |
| Alkaline hydrolysis (saponification): RCOOR + NaOH ----------> | RCOONa + ROH |
| Alkaline hydrolysis (saponification): CH3COOCH3 + NaOH ------------> | CH3COONa + CH3OH |
| Alkaline hydrolysis (saponification): HCOOCH2CH3 + NaOH -----------> | HCOONa + CH3CH2OH |
| They are esters of glycerol and predominantly long-chain fatty acids | Fats and oils |
| Fats and oils are also called? | Triacylglycerol or triglycerides |
| Physical state of fats | Solid |
| Physical state of oil | Liquid |
| How many carbon atoms does the most abundant unsaturated acids in fats and oils contain? | 18 |
| The configuration about C=C is? | cis |
| Fats contain a larger proportion of ___________ fatty acid | saturated |
| Oils contain greater amounts of _______________ fatty acid | unsaturated |
| Each molecule of fat in a particular product contains several double bonds | Polyunsaturated |
| The principal form in which energy is stored in the body | Triacylglycerol |
| Fats come from ______ sources | Animal |
| Oils come from __________ sources | Vegetable |
| Hydrogen adds to the C=C of oil to saturate it and form fats | Hydrogenation of Glycerides |
| Hydrogenation of Glycerides: H2 + -CH=CH- --------> | -CH2-CH2- |
| In practice, only some of the C=C are allowed to become saturated | Partial hydrogenation |
| Hydrogenation of Glycerides: CH3(CH2)7 CH=CH (CH2)7 COOH + H2 --------> | CH3(CH2)7CH2-CH2(CH2)7COOH |
| Hydrogenation of Glycerides: CH3(CH2)5 CH=CH (CH2)7 COOH + H2 --------> | CH3(CH2)5CH2-CH2(CH2)7COOH |
| Tricacyglycerol can be split and reduced in a reaction | Hydrogenolysis |
| Triacylglycerol can be hydrolyzed yielding fatty acids and glycerol | Hydrolysis |
| The saponification of a fat or oil involves the alkaline hydrolysis of a? | Triester |
| What are produced with the saponification of fat or oil? | Glycerol and soap |
| The alkali metal salts of fatty acids | Soaps |
| A cleansing agent | Detergent |
| Distinguished from a synthetic detergent on the basis of chemical composition and not on the basis of function | Soap |
Created by:
nren