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Gen Chem Questions
chapter 1, 2, 3, 4 review slides
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Tera (T) | 10^12 |
| Giga (G) | 10^9 |
| Mega (M) | 10^6 |
| Kilo (k) | 10^3 |
| Hecto (h) | 10^2 |
| Deca (da) | 10^1 |
| deci (d) | 10^-1 |
| centi (c) | 10-2 |
| milli (m) | 10^-3 |
| micro (mu) | 10^-6 |
| nano (n) | 10^-9 |
| pico (p) | 10^-12 |
| atomic mass unit | equals 1/12th of the mass of one 12C atoms -12C is the most abundant isotope of carbon - 1 amu = 1.66054 x 10^-24 |
| avogardos number | -represent s the number of atoms that exist in 12 grams of 12C - 6.022 x 10^-23 |
| Thermal energy | associated with random motion -hot vs cold -heat and the "absence of heat" |
| Ways PE can be increased | 1. when objects that attract each other are pulled apart (rock lifted off the ground) 2.when objects that repel each other are forced together (compressing a spring, push two H atoms close) |
| when two atoms combine to form a molecule | 1. only e- interact 2. chemical properties related to e- distribution in atom |
| line spectra | use light and how it interacts with atoms to determine e- structure |
| speed of light | C= 2.998 x 10^8 |
| relationship between wavelength and frequency | inversely related |
| quantization of energy | EM radiation emitted in packets ; quanta = photons - revolutionized way of thinking |
| If Ephoton = "binding energy" of e- | e- ejected |
| If Ephoton greater than "binding energy" of e- | e- ejected and carries extra kinetic energy |
| If Ephoton is less than "binding energy" of e- | no e- ejected |
| in a gas discharge tube electric, discharge... | excites gas atoms; transfers energy to e- - e- relax (drop to lower energy) energy emitted as light - not continuous, get specific colored lines |
| line spectrum is | atomic spectrum - specific to specific elements |
| Bohr's Theory of the Hydrogen Atom | discrete energy levels=orbits -assumed electrons are particles only but in reality, electrons have a wave property which schrodinger applied |
| as e- absorbs energy | e- moves to a higher orbital (excited state, less stable further from nucleus) |
| as the electron falls | it releases some thing such as energy or a photon |
| Louis De Brogolie | reasoned that id energy (light) can behave as a particle (photon) then perhaps electrons could demonstrate eave characteristics |
| how observe wave properties for an electron | -diffraction: properties of waves -constructive interference vs. destructive interference |
| standing (stationary) waves | crests, troughs, and nodes stay localized (don't travel) -otherwise it would disappear (de Brogolie |
| Heisenberg uncertainty Principle | the more precise the measurement of position, the less precise of measurement of speed (mu) -e - cannot orbit the nucleaus in a well-defined orbit |
| Schrodinger Equation | different energy states give different wave patterns -darker region= higher density, |
| Hydrogen's energy levels are degenerate | every value of n (shell) only has one energy value bc hydrogen only has 1 electron |
| multielectron | once you have multiple electrons, the subshells do have different energies, even in the same shell - notice the words "for a one electron system" when calclating energy levels |
| higher the n... | ...spacing between shells decreases |
| Pauli exclusion principle | each orbital can only have 2 e- e- in the same orbital have opposite spin |
| Aufbau "build up" principle | -from lowest to highest energy |
| Hund's rule | "maximize spin" electrons will not pair until they have to -arrows should all be up before you pair |
| Special cases of electron configuration | Cr,Cu, Ag, Au, Mo do not have to have full s shell to go into d shell |
| 1/2 shells are.. full shells | ..extra stable noble gas configurations |
| electron affinity | electron released when an electron is added |
| Ea1 | positive values -bring e- closer to nucleus |
| EA2, and EA3 | unfavorable (negative values) adding e- to anion |
Created by:
landryw
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