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unit 1 study guide
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| The responsibilities of this is to maintain social order, provide public services, and enforce laws. | The GOVERNMENT |
| This document is also known as The Great Charter and was signed in 1215 AD by King John, limiting his rule and establishing the principle of Rule of Law. | Magna Carta |
| When the state has supreme and absolute power within the boundaries of its territory, it is said to have this. | Sovereignty |
| The people living within a defined territory are said to be the states __________________. | Population |
| Theory that government began when people agreed to give up some freedoms for stability and security. | Social Contract Theory |
| Theory that God, or gods choose rulers and create the government. | Divine Rights |
| Theory that the state is formed by hostile takeover or for protection from such takeovers. | Force Theory |
| Theory that the state emerged from an early family and/or tribe. | Evolutionary Theory |
| Type of government when only an elite few are in control. | Oligarchy |
| Government run by a king, queen, or emperor with absolute power. | Monarchy |
| Government run by a single ruler. | Autocracy |
| The form of democracy we have in the United States. | Representative Democracy |
| According to John Locke, all men are born with certain natural rights. What are they? | These are "inalienable" natural rights. That is, rights that are God-given and can never be taken or even given away. Among these fundamental natural rights, Locke said, are "life, liberty, and property." |
| “In the state of nature, although all people are equal and each has a right to everything, that right provides no security since all people are also in an unrestrained competition...." Which philosopher made this assertion? | John Locke |
| Natural rights must be protected not only against the infringements of other individuals but also against the government itself.... Which philosopher made this assertion? | John Locke |
| What are natural rights? | Rights that are incapable of being alienated, surrendered, or transferred |
| According to John Locke, what is the core purpose of government? | The purpose of government, Locke wrote, is to secure and protect the God-given inalienable natural rights of the people. For their part, the people must obey the laws of their rulers. Thus, a sort of contract exists between the rulers and the ruled. |
| Rights that are incapable of being alienated, surrendered, or transferred. | Inalienable rights/natural rights |
| He concluded that the best form of government was one in which the legislative, executive, and judicial powers were separate and kept each other in check to prevent any branch from becoming too powerful. | Montesquieu |
| Documents like the Magna Carta and others limited the king’s ability to abuse his power.... there were things the law said a king absolutely could not do. This idea of restricting a government’s power is known as ______________. | limited government |
| Who said, "When the legislative and executive powers are united in the same person, or in the same body of magistrates, there can be no liberty… " | Montesquieu |
| “Thus every man, by agreeing with others to make one body politic under one government, puts himself under an obligation to everyone in that society to submit to the decisions of the majority, and to be bound by it. " Which democratic ideal is described ? | Social Contract |
| Who was the primary author of the Declaration of Independence? | Thomas Jefferson |
| On what date was the Declaration of Independence adopted by the Continental Congress? | July 4, 1776 |
| What are the four parts of the Declaration of Independence? | a preamble, a list of grievances, a formal declaration of independence, and signatures |
| In government, defined as the ABILITY to rule. | power |
| In government, defined as the RIGHT to rule. | authority |
| Defined as a society’s belief that their ruler or government has the right to rule. | Legitimacy |
| The supreme and ultimate power or authority within a territory. | Sovereignty |
| Type of government in which citizens elect leaders to represent their rights and interests in government. | Roman tribune |
| Type of government in which citizens are directly involved in the day-to-day work of governing. | direct democracy |
| Derived from the Greek word that means “rule by few”, a type of government in which a small group of people has all the power. | oligarchy |
| A government that recognizes God or a divine being as the ultimate authority. | theocracy |
| “One person is in charge.” Which form of government does this statement apply to? | Autocracy |
| “Citizens often have no rights.” Which form of government does this statement apply to? | Dictatorship |
| “Led by a king or queen.” Which form of government does this statement apply to? | Monarchy |
| “Nobody is in charge.” Which form of government does this statement apply to? | Anarchy |
| Read the following: “Those in charge are military members who took over by force.” Which form of government does this statement apply to? | Junta |
| There are no laws in a state of nature, and people are always at war. Would Hobbes and Locke agree? | They would agree |
| Government is needed to create laws, protect people, and provide services. Would Hobbes and Locke agree? | They would agree |
| The ruler should be someone that has complete power and can’t be overthrown if the people are unhappy. Would Hobbes and Locke agree? | They would disagree |
| Why is the Magna Carta considered such an important document to the U.S. government? | Because it represents the idea that the people can assert their rights against an oppressive ruler and that the power of government can be limited to protect those rights. |
| Define Social contract. | the agreement by which people define and limit their individual rights, thus creating an organized society or government. |
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chloe342