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RCP 120 Exam 1
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What does the Mantoux skin test look for? | TB or exposure to TB |
| What steps can respiratory therapists take to avoid the introduction of multidrug resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) and extensively drug-resistant tuberculosis (XDR-TB)? | Wearing the correct PPE (Gown, gloves, and mask), Following isolation protocols and hand washing. |
| What is the most common cause of bronchiolitis and pneumonia in children younger than 1 year of age? | Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) |
| What is an important opportunistic fungal respiratory pathogen for Respiratory Therapist's to know? | Candida albicans (thrush) |
| Why is the incidence of otitis media higher in children? | The pharyngotympanic tubes are more horizontal and can collect debris easier but don't drain as easily |
| What are the reasons why antibiotic resistance is a growing problem in hospitals? | Misuse and overuse of antibiotics. Resistant bacterial strains become a part of the indigenous flora. |
| What are the common community-acquired lower respiratory pathogens? | Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae, and Virusses |
| What are the characteristics of viruses? | Highly contagious, some are seasonal, use isolation precautions when sick, grow only when they are attached to a host. |
| When pus is present, that is known as | Empyema |
| What are the medications used to treat tuberculosis? | Rifampin and Rifabutin |
| What are the medications used to treat RSV? | Ribavirin |
| What are the medications used to treat MRSA? | Vancomycin |
| What are the common opportunistic pathogens that effect AIDS and weakened immune systems? | Streptococcus pneumoniae, Pneumocystis pneumonia (jiroveci), tuberculosis, Pnemocycstic carinii (PCP) |
| What medications are used to treat fungal infections such as thrush? | Antifungals, Nystatin, and Diflucan (Fluconazole) |
| List medications that are classified as antibacterial (antibiotics)? | Penicillin's, cephalosporins, tetracyclines, tobramycin |
| Identify the criteria that must be met to obtain a useful sputum specimen | Fewer than 25 squamous cell per low power field More than 10 polymorphonuclear leukocytes per low power field |
| What antibiotics are often used to treat Pseudomonas aeruginosa? | Cephalosporins |
| What are symptoms of TB and how do we test for TB? | Fever, night sweats, blood-tinged sputum, chronic cough, and weight loss (Chest x-ray, Mantoux test, Acid fast) |
| What aerosolized medications are used to treat Pneumocystis carinii (PCP)? | Pentamidine |
| What does the Flat percussion sound represent? | Can indicate a solid area such as bone |
| What does dull percussion sound represent? | Can indicate that fluid or consolidation is present |
| What does a hype resonant percussion sound represent? | Can indicate that you're over an air filled space |
| What does a resonant percussion sound mean? | Can indicate healthy lung tissue |
| What does a tympanic percussion sound mean? | Can indicate excessive air |
| What is a chest wall abnormality seen in emphysema patients that results in an increased A-P diameter? | Barrel chest |
| What term is used to describe a persistent rate of respirations greater than 20 breaths per minute | Tachypnea |
| What are the common sterilization methods? | Autoclave, Ethylene oxide gas, glutaraldehydes |
| What is autoclaving? | Heat in the form of steam, uses heat and pressure over a specific period of time |
| What is aspiration (in equipment cleaning)? | Sterile saline drawn through lumen of equipment, tested and cultured |
| What is swabbing? | Irregular surfaces are swabbed and spread on petri dish |
| What is plating? | Spread surface on petri dish |
| Which of the following techniques would you recommend as best able to evaluate the effectiveness the pasteurization process? | Culture sampling |
| What is standard precaution and what PPE should be worn? | Protects against any undiagnosed illness or unknown illness Gloves and Mask (Gown and googles needed when handling blood/fluids) All patients |
| What is contact precaution and what PPE should be worn? | Protects against transmission of microorganisms by direct/indirect contact. In addition to standard, gloves and gown should be discarded before exiting. Gown, gloves. |
| What is airborne precaution and what PPE should be worn? | Protects against microorganisms that spread in the air. Isolation and HEPA filter Mask, gown, gloves, goggles |
| What is droplet precaution and what PPE should be worn? | Protects against microorganisms that spread via droplet. Isolation. Mask, gown, glove |
| What is the difference between droplets and airborne illnesses | Airborne is evaporated droplet nuclei smaller than 5 micrometers. Droplet transmission occurs when droplets are later than 5 micrometers. |
| How often do we change ventilator circuits? | When there is visual or known contamination of the circuit or malfunctions |
| Human sources of infection include? | Patients, healthcare personnel, family members, and visitors |
| What are the common routes of disease transmission? | Direct contact, indirect contact, airborne, droplet, vehicle, and vector |
| What is symptom? | Something apparent to the patient |
| What is diagnosis? | The overall reason for the symptoms |
| What is chief complaint? | Main reason or issue the patient came to be seen/ was admitted |
| What is History of Present Illness? | What happened that led to the chief complaint (OLDCART) Onset, Location, Duration, Character, Associated manifestation, Relieving factors, Treatment |
| What is platypnea? | difficulty breathing unless lying flat |
| What is subcutaneous emphysema? | Air pockets under the skin |
| What is diaphragmatic excursion? | The difference in posterior, dependent resonance between maximum inhalation and maximum exhalation |
| Know the heart sounds and what is anatomically happening. | Lub- S1 First heart sound, closure of atrial ventricular valves Dub- S2 Second heart sound, closure of aortic and pulmonic valves |
| Know how to determine pack year history | # of packs smoked per day multiplied (x) by # of years smoking |
| Normal heart rate for adult | 60-100 |
| Normal respiratory rate for adult? | 12-20 |
| Normal blood pressure for adult? | 90-140 / 60-90 |
| Identify the common respiratory assessment techniques. | Inspection, Palpation, percussion, auscultation |
| Respiratory inductance plethysmography (RIP) is used to indirectly measure what? | Tidal volume (Respiratory rate) |
| What does color change in colorimetric CO2 sensor mean? | CO2 is present |
| What is orthopnea? | Difficultly breathing while lying down |
| Digital clubbing is indicative of what? | Chronic Hypoxia, lung tumors, bronchiectasis, cystic fibrous, congenital heart disease, liver and gi disease, hereditary not COPD |
| What is the level of SpO2 typically associated with weaning of O2 therapy? | 92% or higher on room air |
| 1. What does PETCO2 mean? (characteristics) | End-Tidal PCO2 Exhaled CO2 normal is 35-45 |
| The chest wall overlying the heart is known as the ________________. | precordium |
| Bronchial breath sounds | Coarse, loud, heard over the trachea, at the manubrium, and the scapulae posteriorly |
| Brochovesicular breath sounds | Normal breath sounds heard over the junction between the bronchi and alveoli. Occur anteriorly in the first and second interspaces between the ribs |
| Vesicular breath sounds | High pitched, breezy. Heard over the lung periphery |
| Crackle breath sounds | fine crackling, high pitched. Common finding with congestive heart failure |
| Rhonchi breath sounds | coarse, low-pitched, may clear with cough. Caused by air passing through a partially obstructed airway due to secretions, spasms, or tumors |
| Wheezes breath sounds | Whistling, high-pitched. Caused by air passing through narrowed airways. Asthma, congestive heart failure, and foreign body aspiration |
| Rub breath sounds | Scratchy, high pitched. Caused by visceral and parietal pleurae inflammation. Metastatic tumors, infection in the pleural cavity, and residual blood after surgery. |
| Scoliosis | Causes lateral curvature of the spine |
| Kyphosis | Causes forward curvature of the spine |
| Lordosis | Causes backward curvature of the spine |
Created by:
K.Moskowitz