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AICE Marine Unit 3
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| mutualism | both species benefit from the relationship |
| commensalism | 1 species benefits and the other is unaffected |
| parasitism | both species benefit from the relationship |
| endoparasite | live externally on their host |
| ectoparasite | live internally of their host |
| consumer | one that eats/consumes another organism |
| producer | uses non-living environment to produce glucose/sugar/food for rest of the food chain/web or makes energy available for the rest of the food chain/web |
| herbivore | consumes producers |
| carnivore | consumes animals |
| omnivore | consumes producers and animals |
| decomposer | breaks down dead, decaying organic matter |
| predator | animal that hunts and consumes another animal |
| prey | animal that is hunted and consumed by another animal |
| food chain | singular feeding relationships/pathway |
| food web | multiple food chains |
| trophic level | feeding/nourishment level in food chain |
| ecosystem | system of organisms and their nonliving environment |
| habitat | place where an organism/species live |
| species | similar organisms that can interbreed and produce fertile offspring |
| niche | the role of an organism in its environment/ecosystem |
| biodiversity | the number of different species in an ecosystem/habitat/community |
| population | group of the same species that live together in the same habitat |
| community | group of different species/populations that live together in the same habitat |
| arrows show | transfer of energy and biomass |
| more prey than | predators |
| prey goes up | food goes up |
| food goes up | predators go up |
| prey goes down | food goes down |
| food goes down | predators go down |
| predator population follows same trend as | prey |
| photosynthesis | water+carbon dioxide+sunlight+chlorophyll=glucose+oxygen |
| chemosynthesis | water+carbon dioxide+hydrogen sulfide=glucose+sulfur |
| photosynthesis & chemosynthesis | both use carbon dioxide |
| photosynthesis & chemosynthesis | both produce glucose/sugar |
| higher rate of photosynthesis | higher light intensity |
| respiration | glucose+oxygen=carbon dioxide+water |
| productivity | the rate at which bio mass is produced in an area |
| 10% | energy passes through trophic levels |
| small#/big#x100% | the equation of the efficiency of energy transfer |
| heat/respiration | energy lost |
| not all parts are consumed | energy lost |
| death | energy lost |
| feces | energy lost |
| urine | energy lost |
| nutrient | for growth, repair, energy, or normal metabolism |
| carbohydrates | CHO |
| lipids | CHO |
| protein | CHON |
| nitrogen br | proteins & DNA |
| carbon br | Proteins, DNA, Carbohydrates/Sugar/Glucose, Lipids/Fats/Oils |
| magnesium | to make chlorophyll |
| calcium | Bones, shells, & coral skeletons |
| phosphorus | DNA, bones, ATP, phospholipid bilayers |
| upwelling | current that brings cold, nutrient-rich water to the surface from deep depths/bottom of the ocean |
| runoff | water flowing over land; weathers & erodes & deposits nutrients in the surface layer |
| tectonic activity | Volcanoes & HTV bring sulfur, hydrogen sulfide, etc. |
| dissolving of atmospheric gases | Nitrogen & CO2 |
| excretion | release of nutrients through feces & sinks to the sea floor &/or is consumed by other organisms |
| decomposition | broken down by bacteria; nutrients can then be brought back into the food chain/web |
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