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Gen Chem Ch 1-3
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| isotopic notation | mass number element symbol atomic number |
| proton | scientist: rutherford mass: 1 amu charge: 1+ location: nucleus |
| neutron | scientist: chadwick mass: 1 amu charge: 0 location: nucleus |
| electron | scientist: thomson mass: 0 amu charge: 1- location: outside (concentric shells) |
| isotopes | -same element w/ same number of protons -differ in number of neutrons/masses |
| average atomic mass | =sum of isotopes (atomic mass)(relative abundance) |
| molecule | 2+ atoms joined together homonuclear: O2, N2, H2 heteronuclear: H2O |
| physical properties of matter | appearance, density, boiling/melting point |
| chemical properties of matter | conductor of electricity, combustion, redox |
| homogeneous quality | uniform throughout *mixture* |
| heterogeneous quality | not uniform throughout *mixture* |
| significant figures | -all non-zero digits -zeros between non-zero digits -zeros at the end if there's a decimal |
| NOT significant figures | zeros in front of a decimal |
| addition/subtraction of significant figures | same number of decimal places as the number with the fewest decimal places |
| multiplication/division of significant figures | same number of SF as the measurement with the least number of SF |
| dalton's laws of atomic theory | -each element is composed of atoms -all atoms of given elements are identical -atoms cannot be changed into other elements through chemical processes -a compound always has the same number and kind of atoms |
| alkali metals | group: 1A (except H) elements: Li, Na, K, Rb, Cs, Fr charge: 1+ |
| alkaine earth metals | group: 2A elements: Be, Mg, Ca, Sr, Ba, Ra charge: 2+ |
| chalcolgens | group: 6A elements: O, S, Se, Te, Po charge: 2- |
| halogens | group: 7A elements: F, Cl, Br, I, At charge: 1- |
| noble gases | group: 8A elements: He, Ne, Ar, Kr, Xe, Rn charge: 0 |
| empirical formula | smallest whole number ratio of atoms in the molecule |
| ionic compounds | a transfer of electrons from a metal to a non metal, creating an electrostatic bond |
| rules for assigning oxidation numbers | -sum of oxidation states of neutral atom= 0 -sum of ox states of cationic/anionic molecule= charge -halogen= 1- except with O or other halogens -transition metals vary -O is always -2 except in peroxides (1-) |
| ionic compounds type one | a: metal+nonmetal (replace "ine" w/ "ide") b: metal+nonmetal polyoxyanion |
| ionic compounds type two | a: transition metal+nonmetal (ox#, "ide") b: metal (ox#), polyoxyanion name |
| ionic compounds type three | nonmetal+nonmetal (prefixes) |
| ionic compounds type four | a:simple binary acids (hydro-ic acid) b:polyoxy acids (ate=ic, ite=ous) |
| solubility | -all acetates -group 1A metals -all NH4+ salts -halogens (not Ag+,HG2,Pb2+) -SO4 (not Ba, Sr, Hg, Pb) |
Created by:
jennap1230
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