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POLI 201 - Chapter 1
Government & Politics
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Institutions and processes through which a land and its people are ruled | Government |
| Government led by a single person such as a King, Queen, or Dictator | Autocracy |
| Small group of people maintain power over the rules | Oligarchy |
| The people have a say over the rules and control power | Democracy |
| ALL citizens decide policies together | Direct Democracy |
| People elect representatives to make policy | Indirect Democracy (representative democracy) |
| What is "Majority Rule" in an Indirect Democracy? | 50% + 1 person determines who is elected and can make policy |
| What is "Proportional Representation" in an Indirect Democracy? | An electoral system in which parties gain seats in proportion to the number of votes cast for them |
| Indirect democracy where representatives are insulated from direct popular pressure | Republic |
| In an ____ Democracy, all citizens can participate in making government policy. | American |
| Members of a country's population who are legally recognized as nationals of that country | Citizens |
| Anyone born in U.S. is automatically a citizen (jus soli - right of soil) | Birthright Citizenship |
| Anyone whose parents are citizens but born in another country are automatically citizens (jus sanguinis - right by blood) | Citizenship through Acquisition |
| A child can derive citizenship through their parents becoming a citizen through naturalization | Citizenship through Derivation |
| Dealing with the federal government to become a citizen which has many restrictions and the most difficult way to attain citizenship. | Naturalization |
| Name 5 different Cabinet-level positions | Vice President, Attorney General, Secretary of State, Secretary of Defense, Secretary of Labor |
| Who is the Chief Justice of the United States now? | John Roberts |
| Who is the Governor of your state now? | Henry McMaster |
| Fairness based on contributions | American Values |
| American democracy and government are based on our _____ which guide how we determine policy and engage in our democracy. | Values |
| There are generally ____ main American values | 3 |
| Do not believe all people should be equal generally speaking, rather they should have equal opportunity | Fairness based on contributions |
| People should be able to rely on themselves with relatively little government and societal control | Freedom and Individualism |
| Total self reliance | Individualism |
| Fairness in that everyone should be treated the same way, but life is not so simple, things like wealth, gender, race, and many other factors erode this ideal in reality, but it is something we aspire to think should be true at least in theory | Support for the Rule of Law |
| A set of ideas that forms and organizes our idea and attitudes about politics | Ideology |
| Extreme focus on individual liberty with a conservative preference on economic issues and liberal preference on social issues. | Libertarianism |
| Focuses on individual liberty | Libertarianism |
| Limited government in economic issues, heavy government involvement in moral and social issues. | Conservatism |
| Limited government in social and moral issues, heavy government involvement in economic issues. | Liberalism |
| Government interference in economic issues typically to promote equality and limited interference in social issues | Liberalism |
| Strict limits on what the government can do and the means by which they can do things | Constitutional Government |
| What is a set of restrictions on the government in the United States? | Bill of Rights |
| Few if any limits on government power | Authoritarian Government |
| No limits on government/government will often try to eliminate opposition to its power | Totalitarian Government |
| A mechanism by which government get individuals to go along with the rules / Ex: In the U.S. you go to jail if you don't pay your taxes - Authoritarian countries might use violence, torture, or dismantling the little rights people have | Means of Coercion |
| A government has to be able to collect money/ Ex: In the U.S. we have the IRS and the tax system including local and state tax collecting mechanisms; government also levies fines and penalties to generate income (parking ticket) | Means of Collecting Revenue |
| A British philosopher who thought that the purpose of government was to maintain order; without the government people would exist in what he called the State of Nature - people running around like animals without government | Thomas Hobbes |
| State of Nature was referred by | Thomas Hobbes |
| We as in the masses, give up power to a ruler and the ruler agrees to enforce laws and maintain order | Social Contract with the ruler |
| A British philosopher who expanded on Hobbes social contract; believed that all people has a natural right to Life, Liberty, and Property. The purpose of government is to protect rights of individuals; government rule with consent of people. | John Locke |
| Famous book "Two Treatises on Government: is written by | John Locke |
| A non-excludable commodity or service that is made available to all members of a society (no one can be excluded from using) | Public Good |
| Who believed the purpose of government focused on public goods? | David Hume |
| What do you think would constitute a public good? | Clean air, military, education, health care |
| Any group of individuals attempting to provide a public good has difficulty doing so efficiently | Collective Action Theory |
| Attempts to entice people to contribute to a public good/ Ex: NPR | Selective Incentives |
| People who consume a public good but don't contribute | Free-Riders/ing |
| The formal and informal rules that organize social, political, and economic relations | Institutions |
| Government is a ____ through which citizens are rules and political society is organized. | system |
| In the United States, ____ _____, and the _____ it sets up, is the government. | The Constitution / Institutions |
| ___ ______ sets up the institutions (not all but the primary ones) which facilitate the solving of collective action problems, maintaining order, and organizing political and social life. | The Constitution |
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jaelynmartin