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Unit 1:Matter
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Matter | Anything that has mass and takes up space |
| Physical property | is a characteristic that can be observed or measured without changing the identity of the substance |
| Chemical property | relates to a substance's ability to undergo changes that transform it into different substances |
| physical changes | a change in a substance that does not involve a change in the identity of the substance |
| chemical changes | a change in which one or more substance are converted into different substances |
| extensive property | Depend on the amount of matter that is present |
| intensive property | do not depend on the amount of matter present |
| ductility | the ability of a substance to be hammered thin or drawn out into a wire |
| malleability | the ability of a substance to be hammered or beaten into a sheet |
| volume | the amount of space occupied by an object |
| compressiblity | the measure of how much a given volume decreases when placed under pressure |
| density | the ratio of mass to volume, or mass to volume or mass divided by volume |
| evaporation | the change of a substance from liquid to gas |
| sublimation | the process in which a solid changes directly into a gas |
| vaporization | the process by which a liquid or solid changes into a gas |
| element | Pure substance that can't be broken |
| compound | substance that can be broken down into simple stable substances |
| heterogeneous mixture | mixtures that are not uniform |
| homogeneous mixture | Mixtures that are uniform in composition |
| atom | the smallest unit that maintains chemical identity |
| atomic emission spectrum | he variety of frequencies of electromagnetic radiation (light) seen through a spectroscope that are emitted by electrons as they transition from higher to lower energy levels; unique for each element. |
| hyphen notation | A way of designing the isotopes of an element using its name (or symbol), a hyphen, and the mass number (example: uranium-238) |
| ionic radius | A measure of the size of an ion of an element in a crystal |
| planck's constant | a constant value that relates the energy of a photon of light to its frequency |
| Atomic radius | one-half of the distance between the center of identical atoms that are not bonded together |
| electromagenetic spectrum | all of the frequencies or wavelengths of electromagenetic radiation |
| electronegravity | a measure of the ability of an atom in a chemical compound to attract electrons |
| frequency | the number of cycles or vibrations per unit of time also number of waves produced in a given amount of time |
| ionization energy | the energy required to remove an electron from an atom or ion |
| isotope | an atom that has the same number of protons as other atoms of the same element but has a different neutrons |
| valence electron | an electron that is found in the outermost shell of an atom and that determines the atoms chemical properties |
| wavelength | the distance from any point on a wave to an identical point on the next wave |
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