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Unit 1
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Data | Any pieces of information acquired through observation or experimentation. |
| Statistics | Collection of methods for planning experiments, obtaining data, organizing, summarizing, presenting, analyzing, interpreting, and drawing conclusions based on data. |
| Population | The collection of all outcomes, responses, measurements, or counts that are of interest. |
| Sample | A subset of a population. |
| Parameter | A number that describes the population. |
| Statistic | A number that describes a sample. |
| Descriptive statistics | Statistics that summarize the data collected in a study (usually consist of numbers). |
| Inferential statistics | Procedures used to draw conclusions about larger populations from small samples of data (no numbers). |
| Qualitative data | Information describing color, odor, shape, or some other physical characteristic. |
| Quantitative data | Numerical data. |
| Observational study | Observes individuals and measures variables of interest but does not attempt to influence the responses. |
| Experimental data | Treatment applied to part of a population and responses are recorded. |
| Simulation | An imitation of an event; a reproduction of an event that is similar to the actual event. |
| Survey | The collection of data by having people answer a series of questions. |
| Control | Effects other than the one being measured. |
| Confounding Variable | The experimenter cannot tell the effects of different factors on a variable. |
| Placebo effect | Improvement resulting from the mere expectation of improvement when in reality they received no treatment. |
| Blinding | A technique where the subjects do not know whether they are receiving a treatment or a placebo. |
| Double-blind | An observation whose true purpose is hidden from both the observer and the person being observed. |
| Randomization | A process of randomly assigning subjects to different treatment groups. |
| Completely randomized design | The treatments are assigned to all the experimental units completely by chance. |
| Randomized block design | Divide subjects with similar characteristics into blocks, and then within each block, randomly assign subjects to treatment groups. |
| Matched pairs design | The design of a study where experimental units are naturally paired by a common characteristic, or with themselves in a before-after type of study. |
| Simple random sample | Every member of the population has a known and equal chance of selection. |
| Stratified sample | Divide a population into groups and within each group select a random sample. |
| Clustered sample | A sampling design in which entire groups are chosen at random. |
| Systematic sample | Obtained by selecting every kth individual from the population. |
| Convenience sample | A sample which includes members of the population that are easily accessed. |
| Replication | Repeating the essence of a research study, usually with different participants in different situations, to see whether the basic finding extends to other participants and circumstances. |
Created by:
AELUNA
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