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prelim survival
stuff from each topic so ill hopefully pass
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| apple green | barium |
| orange/red | calcium |
| blue/green | copper |
| lilac/pink | potassium |
| orange | sodium |
| red | lithium |
| red | strontium |
| isotope | atom of the same element with different no. neutrons so diff mass no. |
| isotope mass x isotope abundance / 100 | relative atomic mass (isotopes) |
| radioisotope | unstable isotope |
| (a/z)x -> (4/2)He + (a-4/z-2)y | alpha decay formula |
| mass no. atomic no. | a/z where a is ___ and z is ___ |
| (a/z)x -> (0/-1)e + (a/z+1)Y | beta decay formula |
| 1s 2s 2p 3s 3p 4s 3d 4p 4d 4f | spdf order |
| abilty for element to attract e from atoms and bond | electronegative def |
| decrease down increase across | electronegativity trend |
| decrease across increase down | atomic radius trend |
| energy for atom to lose electron | first ionisation energy def |
| decrease down increase across | first ionisation energy trend |
| dipoles bc uneven sharing and electronegativity diff is .4-1.8 | polar convalent |
| onf | molecule polar if h bonded with |
| dispersion (london) dipole dipole hydrogen ion diople | main intermolecular forces |
| allotrope | different form of same atom |
| p white black red c graphite diamond buckyball | allotrope eg |
| high mp no conduct as s but yes for l hard and brittle 3d lattice | ionic |
| low mp no conduct | covalent molecular |
| high mp no conduct 3d lattice hard and brittle usually carbon and silicone | covalent network/lattice |
| mixed mp high conduct both s and l delocalised electrons malleable ductile | metallic |
| divide molar mass | grams to moles |
| x avos no. | moles to atoms |
| divide avos no. | atoms to moles |
| x molar mass | moles to grams |
| n=m/M for each then n/smallest n | to find emperical formula |
| balance eq find n of known use ratios for unknown n find m in unknown | mass-mass calcs |
| c1v1=c2v2 | to find concentration of diluted |
| v dp t v1/t1=v2/t2 | charles gas law |
| p dp t p1/t1=p2/t2 | gay lusscas gas law |
| p dp 1/v p1v1=p2v2 | boyle gas law |
| John Dalton (1803) | atoms are indivisible, those of same element are identicle, compounds are combinations of different types of atoms |
| J.J. Thomson (1897) | discovered electrons, plum pudding model |
| Earnest Rutherford (1911) | discovered the nucleus through gold foil experiment, realised the positive charge was in the nucleus |
| Niels Bohr (1913) | electrons move around the nucleus in orbitals, electron energy was quantised |
| Erwin Schrodinger (1926) | electrons don't move in set paths but in waves, is impossible to know exact location of electrons |
| synthesis a + b -> ab | 2 elements to compound |
| decompostion ab -> a + b | compound to individual |
| combustion | reaction in presence of oxyen |
| precipitation ab + cd -> ad(s) + cb | 2 solutions form insolbuble solid |
| neutralisation acid + base (hydroxide) -> salt + h20 | acid reacts with base |
| carbonate + acid -> salt + h20 +c02 | acid reacts with carbonate |
| complete enough o (c02) incomplete not enough o (c or co) | types of combustion |
| carbonates (ex na k nh4) oxides and hydroxides (ex ca mg ba) sulfides phosphates | insoluble forms precipitate |
| nitrates acetates sulfates (ex ca ba pb hg ag) ammonium compound na and k compounds | soluble no precipitate |
| loss of electrons | oxidation is |
| gaining electrons | reduction is |
| +1 when in compound -1 when with metals | h oxidation rules |
| -2 when anything ex peroxide | o oxidation rules |
Created by:
hoeshi
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