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Ch.2 vocab
Environmental Science
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Atom | The smallest particle that can contain the chemical properties of an element |
| Molecule | A particle that contains more than one atom |
| Atomic number | The number of protons in the nucleus of a particular element |
| Mass Number | Total number of protons and neutrons in an element |
| Isotopes | Atoms of the same element with different numbers of neutrons |
| Radioactive Decay | The spontaneous release of material from the nucleus of radioactive isotopes |
| Half-Life | The time it takes for one-half of an original radioactive parent atom to decay |
| Covalent Bond | The bond formed when elements share electrons |
| Ionic Bond | A chemical bond between two ions of opposite charges |
| Polar Molecule | A molecule in which one side is more positive and the other is more negative |
| Capillary action | A property of water that occurs when adhesion of water molecules to a surface is stronger than cohesion between the molecules |
| Acid | A substance that contributes hydrogen ions to a solution |
| Base | A substance that contributes hydroxide ions to a solution |
| Carbohydrate | A compound composed of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen atoms |
| Nucleic Acid | Organic compounds found in all living cells |
| RNA (ribonucleic acid) | A nucleic acid that translates the code stored in DNA, which makes possible the synthesis of proteins |
| Lipid | A smaller organic biological molecule that does not mix with water |
| Cell | A highly organized living entity that consists of the four types of macromolecules and other substances in a watery solution, surrounded by a membrane |
| Joule | The amount of energy used when 1-watt electrical device is turned on for one second |
| Electromagnetic Radiation | A form of energy emitted by the sun that includes, but is not limited to visible, ultraviolet light, and and infrared energy |
| Photon | A massless packet of energy that carries electromagnetic radiation at the speed of light |
| First law of thermodynamics | a physical law which states that energy can neither be created nor destroyed but can change from one form to another |
| second law of thermodynamics | The physical law stating that when energy is transferred, the quantity of energy remains the same, but its ability to do work diminishes |
| Energy Efficiency | The ratio of the amount of energy expended in the form you want to the total amount of energy expended |
| Entropy | randomness in a system |
| Input | an addition to a system |
| Negative feedback loop | A system responds |
| Positive feedback loop |
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