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AP US History Ch 21
AP US History Chapter 21 Civil War
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Battle of Bull Run (Manassas Junction) | First major battle of the Civil War and a victory for the South; it dispelled the Northern illusions of swift victory |
| Peninsula Campaign | McClellan's (Union general) failed effort to seize the capital of the Confederacy, Richmond. However, if he had taken Richmond and toppled the Confederacy, slavery would have most likely survived in the South for some time. (440) |
| Merrimack | Wooden ship that was made into an ironclad (known as the /Virginia/ by Confederates) by the Confederacy to destroy wooden ships of the Union navy |
| Monitor | Ironclad ship that was built in 100 days for the Union to defend against the /Merrimack/ |
| Second Battle of Bull Run | Confederate General Robert E. Lee inflicts a crushing defeat on the boastful Union general John Pope; gave him the confidence to invade Maryland |
| Battle of Antietam | Landmark battle in the Civil War that essentially ended in a draw but demonstrated the prowess of the Union army, forestalling foreign intervention and giving Lincoln the "victory" he needed to issue the Emancipation Proclamation |
| Emancipation Proclamation | Declared all slaves in rebelling states to be free but did not affect slavery in non-rebelling Border States. The proclamation closed the door on possible compromise with the South and encourage thousands of Southern slaves to flee to Union lines. |
| Thirteenth Ammendment | Constitutional amendment prohibiting all forms of slavery and involuntary servitude. Former Confederate states were required to ratify the amendment prior to gaining reentry into the Union. |
| Battle of Fredericksburg | Decisive victory in Virginia for Confederate Robert E. Lee, who successfully repelled a Union attack on his lines |
| Battle of Gettysburg | Civil War battle in Pennsylvania that ended in Union victory, spelling doom for the Confederacy, which never again managed to invade the North (also, the site of General George Pickett's daring but doomed charge on the Northern Lines) |
| Gettysburg Address | Abraham Lincoln's oft-quoted speech, delivered at the dedication of the cemetery at Gettysburg battlefield. In the address, Lincoln framed the war as a means to uphold the values of liberty. |
| Battle of Fort Henry and Fort Donelson | Key victory for Union general Ulysses S. Grant; it secured the North's hold on Kentucky and paved the way for Grant's attacks deeper into Tennessee |
| Battle of Shiloh | Bloody Civil War battle on the Tennessee-Mississippi border that left more than twenty-three thousand soldiers dead, wounded, or missing, and ended in a marginal Union victory |
| Siege of Vicksburg | Two-and-a-half-month siege of a Confederate fort on the Mississippi River in Tennessee. Vicksburg finally fell to Ulysses S. Grant in July of 1863, giving the Union army control of the Mississippi River and splitting the South in two |
| Sherman's march | Union general William Tecumseh Sherman's destructive march through Georgia. An early instance of "total war," purposely targeting infrastructure and civilian property to diminish morale and undercut the Confederate war effort |
| Congressional Committee on the Conduct of the War | Established by Congress during the Civil War to oversee military affairs. Largely under the control of radical Republicans, the committee agitated for a more vigorous war effort and actively pressed Lincoln on the issue of emancipation |
| Copperheads | Northern Democrats who obstructed the war effort by attacking Abraham Lincoln, the draft, and, after 1863, emancipation |
| The Man Without a Country | The fictional story of Philip Nolan, a general who was condemned to a life of eternal exile on American warships for cursing the United States; important because it followed the banishment of Vallandigham and helped stimulate devotion to the Union |
| Union party | A coalition party of pro-war Democrats and Republicans formed during the 1864 election to defeat antiwar Northern Democrats |
| Wilderness Campaign | A series of brutal clashes between Ulysses S. Grant's and Robert E. Lee's armies in Virginia, leading up to Grant's capture of Richmond in April of 1865. Have lost Richmond, Lee surrendered to Grant at Appomattox Courthouse. |
| Appomattox Courthouse | Site where Robert E. Lee surrendered to Ulysses S. Grant in April 1865 after almost a year of brutal fighting throughout Virginia in the "Wilderness Campaign" |
| Reform Bill of 1867 | (In Great Britain) granted suffrage to all male British citizens, dramatically expanding the electorate. The success of the American democratic experiment, reinforced by the Union victory in the Civil War, was used as one of the arguments in favor of the |
| Thomas J. ("Stonewall") Jackson | Confederate general who won the first Battle of Bull Run; the way his troops stood firmly against the Union army earned him the nickname "Stonewall" Jackson |
| George B. McClellan | Cautious and slow-moving Union general who failed to take over Richmond in the Peninsula Campaign in the early days of the war |
| Robert E. Lee | Confederate General who won the Peninsula Campaign and numerous other battles. Lincoln offered him the position of head of the Federal army, but he declined, deciding to remain loyal to his state of Virginia, who joined the Confederacy. |
| John Pope | Boastful Union general who lost to Robert E. Lee in the Second Battle of Bull Run |
| A.E. Burnside | The man who McClellan after McClellan failed to pursue the enemy at Antietam; said he himself was not fit to be the commander of the Army of the Potomac and quickly yielded his position after a rash battle decision at Fredericksburg (on a side note, his g |
| Joseph ("Fighting Joe") Hooker | An aggressive officer but headstrong Union general who took Burnside's place; lost to Stonewall Jackson |
| George G. Meade | Union general who abruptly took the place of Joseph Hooker and beat Confederate general George Pickett |
| George Pickett | Confederate general who lost the Battle of Gettysburg, the Confederates last real chance of winning the war |
| Ulysses S. Grant | Became head general of the Union army and led the Union to victory over the Confederacy |
| William Tecumseh Sherman | Union general who devastated the South with Sherman's march, destroying supplies intended for the Confederate army and weakening the morale of Confederate soldiers whose homes were being wrecked |
| Salmon Chase | Secretary of the Treasury in Lincoln's first term who lead a group that quietly doubted Lincoln's ability and sought the possibility of replacing him in the election of 1864 |
| Clement L. Vallandigham | Copperhead congressman from Ohio; was banished to Confederate lines for stirring up trouble and opposition to the war; fled to Canada but returned shortly before the war ended |
| John Wilkes Booth | The half-crazed pro-Southern actor who assassinated Lincoln in Ford's Theater |
Created by:
Lanemoore