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1.2
atomic structure and atomic mass
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| isotope | atoms of the same element that have a different numbers of neutrons |
| radioisotope | unstable isotope |
| unstable | all elements above bismuth (83) are |
| half life | time taken for half a sample to decay |
| as stable isotope is formed | isotopes decay until |
| randomly and exponentially | radioisotopes decay |
| alpha decay | releases helium nuclei |
| only paper | alpha radiation can penetrate |
| beta decay | releases an electron and converts a neutron to a proton |
| gamma radiation | very high electromagnetic radiation |
| gamma radiation | never emitted by itself (always with either alpha or beta) |
| relative atomic mass formula | Sum of (isotope abundance x isotope mass number) / 100 |
| cobalt-60 | emits high gamma radiation and is used to treat cancer |
| technetium-99m | a pure-gamma emitter with a half-life of 6 hours which can be put into the body to detect disease |
| John Dalton (1803) | atoms are indivisible, those of same element are identicle, compounds are combinations of different types of atoms |
| J.J. Thomson (1897) | discovered electrons, plum pudding model |
| Earnest Rutherford (1911) | discovered the nucleus through gold foil experiment, realised the positive charge was in the nucleus |
| Niels Bohr (1913) | electrons move around the nucleus in orbitals, electron energy was quantised |
| Erwin Schrodinger (1926) | electrons don't move in set paths but in waves, is impossible to know exact location of electrons |
| paper and aluminium | beta decay can penetrate |
| paper, aluminium and lead | gamma decay can penetrate |
| compound of 2 non-metals | element further left goes first |
| any compound | end of 2nd non-metals name gets changed to 'ide' |
| prefix | to show how many of each atom there are |
| compound of metal and non-metal | name of metal goes first |
| chemical properties | isotope and og atom have the same |
| physical properties | isotopes and og atom can have different |
| mono | 1 |
| di | 2 |
| tri | 3 |
| tetra | 4 |
| penta | 5 |
| hexa | 6 |
| hepta | 7 |
| octa | 8 |
| nona | 9 |
| deca | 10 |
| first letter of element is a vowel | get rid of the a in the prefix if |
| mono | usually not included as a prefix |
Created by:
hoeshi
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