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Micro#23
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| A set of guilds is referred to as a | community (microbial ecology) |
| Specific small niches in which populations and guilds within a community reside are referred to as | microhabitats (microbial ecology) |
| free-living nitrogen-fixing bacteria are | Bacillus, Clostridium, Azotobacter |
| Which of the following processes is most commonly used in wastewater treatment? | Anammox |
| Which element is found in the atmosphere? | Carbon dioxide, Nitrogen, Sulfur (biogeochemical) |
| Which element is not found in the atmosphere? | Phosphorus (biogeochemical) |
| Which of the following zones is present only in oceans? | Abyssal zone, Benthic zone, Littoral zone, Profundal zone |
| The majority of marine microorganisms are present in the | littoral zone |
| Which of the following is a Category A agent? | Bacillus anthracis |
| Category B agents would include | Vibrio cholerae |
| Which of the following is the sixth most abundant element in the universe? | Carbon |
| The process by which nitrate is reduced to nitrogen is called and Sulfur dissimilation | denitrification |
| Eutrophication is a term used in the | phosphorus cycle |
| The most abundant microbe population in soil consists of | bacteria |
| The most lethal form of anthrax is | inhalation anthrax |
| Which of the following diseases was declared by the WHO in 1980 to be eradicated? | Smallpox |
| A region or regions of the earth populated by living organisms is/are referred to as the | biosphere |
| The physical location where organisms are found is called a(n) | habitat (microbial ecology) |
| The process by which amino groups are converted to ammonia is referred to as | ammonification |
| The conversion of CO2 to organic molecules is called | carbon fixation |
| Cholera is considered a Category __________ disease. | B |
| The bacterial genus Rhizobium is involved primarily in the __________ cycle. | nitrogen |
| Viral hemorrhagic fevers (VHFs) are caused by four families of __________ viruses. | RNA |
| The incubation time for Ebola is 2 to | 21 days |
| Brucellosis is a Category __________ disease. | A |
| EPA stands for | environmental protection agency |
| Number of species living in a given ecosystem | Biodiversity |
| Quantity of all organisms in an ecosystem | Biomass |
| Symbiotic nitrogen-fixing | Rhizobium |
| Overgrowth of microbes in nutrient-rich waters | Eutrophication |
| Name the U.S. agency designated as lead agency in overall public health planning in response to bioterrorism and list the activities for which it is responsible | The CDC is responsible for public health planning. Bioterrorism Preparedness and Response Office, is responsible for planning, improved surveillance & epidemiologic capabilities, rapid laboratory diagnostics, communication, and therapeutic agents |
| Name the four vertical layers that can be found in lakes | Littoral zone, Limnetic zone, Profundal zone, Benthic zone |
| Littoral zone | area along shoreline, where nutrients enter the lake |
| Limnetic zone | well-lit, upper layer of water away from the shore. Occupied by phytoplankton, and areas in this zone have sufficient oxygen levels to support certain bacteria such as Pseudomonas spp. |
| Profundal zone | deeper water located below the limnetic zone; limited light penetration, lower oxygen content, and lower temperature. Mainly inhabited by primary consumers that either attach or crawl along sediments at the bottom of the lake. |
| Benthic zone | consists of the sediments at the lake bottom, including the sediment surface as well as some subsurface layers. Low temperatures, very low oxygen levels |
| Name three different categories of agents that could be involved in bioterrorism | Category A agents, Category B agents, Category C agents |
| Category A agents | have the potential for an adverse public health impact, including mass casualties. Characteristics include the following: Easily transmitted person to person High mortality rate Potential to cause panic Require special action for preparedness |
| Category B agents | less virulent than Category A agents, and less likely to be used for bioterrorism. Include organisms such as E. coli 0157:h7, Vibrio cholerae, Rickettsia, and Cryptosporidia. |
| Category C agents | primarily newly emerging infectious diseases such as the Hanta and Nipah viruses |
| The laboratory method is used to study the various bacterial populations in a given soil sample is | Winogradsky Column |
| Explain the principles of Winogradsky Column method | soil sample is placed in a glass column along with water and enrichment compounds such as calcium carbonate and sulfate. A gradient of O2, H2S develops and exposure to visible light promotes growth of certain phototrophic organisms. Over time a natural la |
| Sulfur cycle includes | atmospheric and terrestrial processes. |
| Sulfur cycle 1 includes | Terrestrial begins with weathering of rocks to release stored sulfur, which contacts air and is converted to sulfate. Plants and microorganisms take up sulfate and convert it to organic forms. |
| Sulfur cycle 2 includes | Animals consume organic forms through food, and when they die, they are decomposed, releasing sulfur containing amino acids. |
| Sulfur cycle 3 includes | Sulfur from amino acids is converted by microorganisms to hydrogen sulfide. |
| Sulfur cycle 4 includes | The hydrogen sulfide is then oxidized to elemental sulfur and then sulfate. The cycle begins again with the uptake of sulfate by plants and algae, which are eaten by animals |
Created by:
rosalyngreen