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concepts of nursing
Key Concepts And Theories Of Growth And Development
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| The progression of function in infants can be described by which patterns of growth and development? | Simple to Complex General to Specific |
| A rapid pace of growth is common in which age group? | From birth to 2 years, from puberty to 15 years |
| nurse measuring height & weight of 4yr-old during well-child visit. The child’s parents comment that they are concerned that the child’s growth seems to have slowed down since the child was a toddler. The nurse knows that this is because of which factors? | Normal growth slows down in this age group. |
| A typical dietary pattern for optimal growth and development includes which proportions of fat, carbohydrate, and protein? | 20% fat, 50% carbohydrate, and 30% protein |
| Multifactorial birth defects result because of a combination of which two factors? | Genetics Environment |
| Which two influences on growth and development increase the risk of occurrence of multifactorial birth defects? | If one close relative has a severe form of the defect, then the risk for multifactorial birth defects increases. If several close relatives have the defect, whether mild or severe, it will increase the risk for multifactorial birth defects. |
| Which are the best resources to find an appropriate growth chart in assessing growth for a 1-year-old child? | World Health Organization (WHO) growth standards for this age group |
| 6-month-old brought to the clinic and after assessing the child’s head circumference, the nurse notes that the head circumference for this baby has gone from the 50th percentile to 10th percentile since the 2-month visit. What might this indicate? | A delay in skull growth Disturbances in nutrition intake A problem with brain development |
| The nurse is assessing a newborn and notes that the head circumference is 13 inches and the chest circumference is 11 inches. What conclusion can be made by the nurse about this ratio? | The newborn is presenting with a normal growth pattern. |
| How does Erickson’s theory of child development influence pediatric nursing? | It provides a theoretical basis for the emotional care required for nursing. |
| Which statement reflects a child’s ability to develop autonomy according to Erikson? | The child is able to pour milk from a cup. |
| mother presents to the nurse and states, “just recently my child has developed a positive, ‘can-do’ attitude towards all of her tasks.” Based on this comment the child has recently reached which stage of psychosocial development according to Erikson? | Initiative vs guilt |
| According to Piaget’s cognitive theory, which concept is demonstrated by an infant looking for a pacifier that has fallen out of the crib? | Object permanence |
| What is a child at the concrete operational stage able to understand? | Fact vs. fiction |
| Egocentric view of the world. | Sensorimotor |
| Thinking is magical and dominated by perception. | Preoperational |
| Thinking becomes logical. | Concrete operational |
| Situations can be analyzed. | Formal operational |
| A school-age child asks the school nurse about sexual development, which indicates that the child is in which Freudian stage of development? | Phallic or Oedipal/Electra stage |
| Child is found playing with contents of diaper. | Anal stage |
| Child has an increased interest in genitals. | Phallic stage |
| Child’s superego represses thoughts of sexuality. | Latency stage |
| Child experiences personal and family turmoil. | Puberty stage |
| Order the stage of psychosexual development as they occur in chronological order. | Oral Stage—infancy Anal Stage—toddlerhood Phallic Stage—pre-school Latency Stage—school-age Puberty—adolescence |
| A child prefers to be with friends rather than with parents. The child is demonstrating which of Kohlberg’s levels of morality? | Level of self-accepted moral principles |
| Premorality or preconventional morality, stage 0 | Decisions are made on the basis of what pleases the child. |
| Morality of conventional role conformity | Morality is based on avoiding disapproval or disturbing the conscience. |
| Morality of self-accepted moral principles | Right is determined by what is best for the majority. |
| Premorality or preconventional morality, stage 2 | Child conforms to rules out of self-interest. |
| A 5-year-old who steals money from his or her mother’s purse and does not understand consequences is likely at which stage of morality? | Premorality/preconventional morality Instrumental hedonism and concrete reciprocity |
Created by:
colby.caswell