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6.4 Periodic Trends
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| covalent radius | one-half the distance between the nuclei of two identical atoms when they are joined by a covalent bond |
| effective nuclear charge | the positive charge that an electron experiences from the nucleus, equal to the nuclear charge but reduced by any shielding or screening from any intervening electron distribution |
| atomic radius trend | increases down a group, decreases across a period |
| ionic radius | Distance from the center of an ion's nucleus to its outermost electron |
| cation | A positively charged ion |
| anion | A negatively charged ion |
| ionic radius trend | decreases across a period and increases down a group |
| first ionization energy | the energy required to remove the first electron from an atom |
| endothermic | Absorbs heat |
| ionization energy trend | decreases from top to bottom in a group; increases from left to right in a period |
| electronegativity | A measure of the ability of an atom in a chemical compound to attract electrons |
| polar covalent | unequal sharing of electrons |
| electron affinity | the energy change that occurs when an electron is acquired by a neutral atom |
| electronegativity trend | decreases from top to bottom in a group; increases from left to right in a period |
| principal quantum number | symbolized by n, indicates the main energy level occupied by the electron |
Created by:
Sara_Kellogg21
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