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Sociology #4
Chapter 4 Socialization
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| A key function of socialization is | transmitting culture to the next generation |
| According to Mead, the _____ is creative, imaginative, impulsive, spontaneous, self-centered, and sometimes unpredictable. | I |
| A self-image based on how we think others see us is known as the | looking-glass self |
| Learning how to perform a role that a person will occupy in the future is called | anticipatory socialization |
| What is true of peers as socialization agents? | Belonging to a peer group enhances a child's psychological well-being and ability to cope with stress. |
| The lifelong process through which people learn culture and become functioning members of society is called _____. | socialization |
| What age group is a period of both extreme helplessness and enormous physical and cognitive growth? | Toddlerhood |
| What is the first step of resocialization in a total institution is | degradation ceremonies |
| In a process that Erving Goffman called _____, we provide information and cues to others to present ourselves in a favorable light while downplaying or concealing our less appealing characteristics. | impression management |
| Unlike social scientists, biologists focus on the role of _______ in human development. | heredity |
| What defines internalization? | Learning culture behaviors and expectations and accepting them undeniably |
| Socialization | the lifelong process through which people learn culture and become functioning members of society. |
| Internalization | the process of learning cultural behaviors and expectations so deeply that we accept them without question. |
| Social learning theories | people learn new attitudes, beliefs, and behaviors through social interaction. |
| Role models | people we admire and whose behavior we imitate. |
| Self | an awareness of one’s social identity. |
| Looking-glass self | a self-image based on how we think others see us. |
| Role taking | learning to take the perspective of others. |
| Significant other | someone whose opinions we value and who influences our thinking, especially about ourselves. |
| Anticipatory socialization | learning how to perform a role that a person will occupy in the future. |
| Generalized other | the norms, values, and expectations of society that affect a person’s behavior. |
| Impression management | providing information and cues to others to present oneself in a favorable light while downplaying or concealing one’s less appealing characteristics. |
| Reference groups | people who shape an individual’s self-image, behavior, values, and attitudes in different contexts. |
| Socialization agents | the individuals, groups, or institutions that teach us how to participate effectively in society. |
| Multigenerational households | homes in which three or more generations live together. |
| Peer group | people who are similar in age, social status, and interests. |
| Resocialization | unlearning old ways of doing things and adopting new attitudes, values, norms, and behavior. |
| Total institutions | isolated and enclosed social systems that control most aspects of its participants’ lives. |
| Key Elements of Socialization Theories | Social Learning Theories and Symbolic Interaction Theories |
| Social Learning Theories | Social interaction is important in learning appropriate and inappropriate behavior. Socialization relies on direct and indirect reinforcement. |
| Social Learning Theories Example | Children learn how to behave when they are scolded or praised for specific behaviors. |
| Symbolic Interaction Theories Example | Example: Children who are praised are more likely to develop a strong self-image than those who are always criticized. |
| Symbolic Interaction Theories | The self emerges through social interaction with significant others. Socialization includes role taking and controlling the impression we give to others. |
Created by:
rosalyngreen