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Sociology #1
Chapter 1
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Sociologists study | behavior patterns between individuals, small groups (families), large organizations (Apple), and entire societies (united states) |
| Common sense | common sense is subjective, it ignores facts that challenge cherished beliefs. In contrast, sociology examines claims and beliefs critically, considers many points of view, and enables people to move beyond established ways of thinking. |
| Sociological Imagination | seeing the relationship between individual experiences and larger social influences because social factors such as religion, ethnicity, and politics affect our behaviors |
| Personal trouble | when a small group of people cannot find a job could be due to low education or lack of skills |
| Public issues | when unemployment is widespread |
| Why study sociology | offers explanations that can improve quality of everyday life and make informed decisions |
| Theory | a set of statements that explains why a phenomenon occurs |
| Some origins of sociological theory | sociologists use theories to produce knowledge and to offer solution to everyday social problems |
| Empirical | Information bases on observation, experiments, or other data collection rather than on ideology, religion, intuition, or conventional wisdom |
| Division of labor | an interdependence of different tasks and occupation, characteristic of industrialized societies, that produces social unity and facilitates change |
| Social facts | aspects of social life, external to the individual, that can be measured |
| Social solidarity | social cohesiveness and harmony |
| Capitalism | an economic system based on the private ownership of property and the means of production |
| Alienation | feeling separated from one's group or society |
| Value free | separating one's personal values, opinions, ideology, and beliefs from scientific research |
| C. Wright Mills, a person's behavior is influenced by | a person's behavior is influenced by social factors such as religion, ethnicity, and politics. the ability to see the relationship between individual experiences and larger social factors help us understand how social forces impact our everyday lives. |
| C. Wright Mills called the ability to see the relationship between individual experiences and larger social influences | the sociological imagination |
| What shapes our beliefs, behavior, and experiences? | gender, ethnicity and social class |
| The ability to ________ is required for critical sociological thinking. | understand how public policies affect private troubles |
| What is true of theories? | Theories explain why a phenomenon occurs and ideally offer solutions for social problems. |
| Auguste Comte | first used to refer to scientific study of society. Initially called "social physics," Comte believed that laws governing the social world could be studied scientifically to understand and solve its problems. |
| All sociological theories analyze | Sociologists typically use more than one theory to explain behavior. Different sociological theories view the social world in different ways, but they all analyze why society is organized the way it is and why we behave as we do. |
| feminist theorists | emphasize that women should be freed from traditionally oppressive expectations, constraints, roles, and behavior. Feminist scholars focus on women's social, economic, and political inequality. |
| Auguste Comte | advocated empirical study for society |
| Empirical | study of society should be observation, experiments or other collection rather than ideology, religion, intuition, or conventional wisdom |
| How did auguste Comte see scientific study | in 2 aspects Social Static Social dynamics |
| Harriet Matineau | she translated & disseminated Comte's work Publish the 1st sociology book emphasized systematic data collection via observation denoted capitalism, opposed to slavery |
| Emile Durkeim | Division of labor social solidarity social integration social facts |
| Dysfunctions | social patterns that have a negative impact on a group or society. |
| Manifest functions | purposes and activities that are intended and recognized; they’re present and clearly evident. |
| Latent functions | purposes and activities that are unintended and unrecognized; they’re present but not immediately obvious. |
| Conflict theory (macro) | examines how and why groups disagree, struggle overpower, and compete for scarce resources. |
| Symbolic interaction theory (micro) | (interactionism) examines people’s everyday behavior through the communication of knowledge, ideas, beliefs, and attitudes. |
| Social interaction | a process in which people take each other into account in their own behavior. |
| Max Weber believed | complete understanding of society requires an analysis of the social organization and interrelationships among economic, political, and cultural institutions which includes social organizations, Subjective Understanding, and Value-Free Sociology |
| Jane Addams | social worker who cofounded Hull House, one of the first settlement houses in Chicago that served the neighborhood poor and was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize for her advocacy of negotiating |
| W. E. B. Du Bois | National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP) he believed that the race problem was one of ignorance and advocated a “cure” for prejudice and discrimination. |
Created by:
rosalyngreen