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DNA/RNA/Pro Synth
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Bases of DNA: | A (Adenine), T (Thymine), C (Cytosine), G (Guanine) |
| Bases of RNA: | A (Adenine), U (Uracil), C (Cytosine), G (Guanine) |
| What are amino acids made up of? | Alpha C, Amino Group, Carboxle Group, R Group |
| What was Griffiths motives? | Tried to figure out how bacteria made people sick (mainly of pneumonia) |
| What did Griffith discover? | The transforming factor had to be a gene |
| How did Avery build on available scientific info? | Extracted mixture of various molecules from heat killing bacteria |
| What was Avery's contribution? | Provided evidence that genes were made of DNA |
| Bacteriophage: | A type of virus that infects bacteria |
| What chemical difference did Hershey and Chase take advantage of? | Phosphorus and Sulfur |
| What were the results of Hershey and Chase experiment? | DNA was the genetic material |
| Base patterns: | A=T, G=C |
| Purines (A and G)= | Double rings |
| Pyrimidines (T and C)= | Single rings |
| How are purines (A and G) and pyrimidines (T and C) similar? | Purines (A and G)=pyrimidines (T and C) |
| What does Chargaff's rule state? | Percentages are almost and or equal |
| What technique did Franklin use to study DNA? | X-Ray Diffraction |
| What did Franklin discover? | DNA is in a helix formation |
| What did Watson and Crick discover? | DNA is built in a double helix formation |
| A double helix is structured like... | A twisted ladder |
| What form the sides of a double helix? | Sugar-phosphate backbones |
| What form the rungs of a double helix? | Nitrogenous bases |
| What hold the two helix strands together? | H bonds between the A and T bases and the G and C bases |
| What makes up a nucleotide? | Phosphate (PO4), 5 carbon sugar (C5H10O4), base (A, T, C, G) |
| In a double helix, what does the base always bond to? | The sugar |
| A and T: | Straight, 2 H bonds |
| C and G: | Curved, 3 H bonds |
| Nucleotides: | Monomers of nucleic acids |
| Step 1 of DNA Structure/Replication: | 4 nucleotides form |
| Step 2 of DNA Structure/Replication: | 4 nucleotides connect to their opposite base (A=T, C=G) |
| Step 3 of DNA Structure/Replication: | 2 parent strands form with opposite bases |
| Step 4 of DNA Structure/Replication: | 2 daughter strands form with opposite bases from their opposite parent strand |
| Step 5 of DNA Structure/Replication: | Helicase unzips DNA and DNA Polymerase joins individual nucleotides to produce new DNA Strands |
| Helicase: | Unzips DNA |
| DNA Polymerase: | Joins individual nucleotides to produce new DNA strands |
| Prokaryotic Replication: | Begins at a single start point and proceeds in 2 directions until copied |
| Eukaryotic Replication: | Proceeds from multiple start points on chromosomes and ends when all chromosomes are copied |
| Central Dogma: | DNA to Transcription to RNA to Translation to Protein |
| DNA= | Double |
| RNA= | Single |
| Function of DNA: | Provides instructions for proteins |
| Function of RNA: | Provides instructions for ribsomes |
| Organic molecule for DNA and RNA: | Nucleic acid |
| Sugar for DNA: | Deoxyribose |
| Sugar for RNA: | Ribose |
| Location of DNA and transcription: | Nucleus |
| Location of RNA: | Nucleus and Cytoplasm |
| mRNA: | Messenger RNA, message based off DNA |
| tRNA: | Transfer RNA, transfers message |
| rRNA: | Ribosomal RNA, receives message |
| Location of translation: | Cytoplasm |
| What process is DNA directly involved in? | Transcription |
| RNA involved in transcription: | mRNA |
| RNA involved in translation: | rRNA, tRNA |
| End result of transcription: | Ribosome |
| End result of translation: | Protein |
| What do segments of DNA serve as? | Templates to produce complementary RNA molecules |
| What side is used to copy to code into mRNA? | Non-coded (RNA Polymerase) |
| Starting codon: | AUG |
| 1 codon= | 3 bases |
| Function of translation: | Decodes mRNA into a polypeptide chain, then into a protein |
| To do ribosomes use the sequence of to assemble amino acids? | Codons in mRNA |
| Where is rRNA made? | Nucleolus |
| Mutations: | Heritable changes in genetic info |
| Types of mutations: | Gene and chromosomal |
| Point Mutation: | Change in a single nucleotide |
| Types of point mutations: | Substitution, insertion, deletion |
| Insertion mutation: | When a single extra base is added to code |
| Deletion mutation: | When a single base is removed from code |
| Chromosomal mutations: | Deletion, duplication, inversion, translocation |
Created by:
IanMcCormick20