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FINAL TEST
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What is the result of selecting a slower sampling frequency during image processing? | larger pixel size & lower spatial resolution |
| Quantum mottle comes from: | Compton |
| Compton interacts with a: | outer shell electron |
| Pronating the hand: | palm faces posteriorly |
| Increase in filtration does what? | decreases patient dose, hardens the x-ray beam, & increases % of beam penetration through the object of interest |
| Maximum variation between consecutive exposures? | + or - 5 |
| Light field must be within what % of SID? | 2% |
| Linearity cannot exceed? | 10% |
| What is atomic number? | number of protons |
| What is atomic mass? | protons plus neutrons |
| destruction of pathogens by chemicals is: | disinfectant |
| What coverts light to electrons? | photocathode |
| What converts the x-ray beam into bright visible light (above patient) | image intensifier |
| converts the incoming x-ray photons (remnant radiation) into light photons (proportional) | input phosphor |
| What is the input phosphor comprised of? | cesium iodide |
| What converts electrons into light photons? | output phosphor |
| Increase of beam filtration is realized most in: | the initial layers of tissue struck by beam |
| The splenic flexure is on what side of the body? | left |
| The hepatic flexure is on what side of the body? | right |
| What flexure is visualized in posterior obliques? | side up (LPO = hepatic; RPO = splenic) |
| If the bit depth is 9, how many shades of gray is there? | 512 (2 to the 9th power) |
| What requires 0.25 mm of lead? | gloves, bucky slot cover, & protective curtain |
| What requires 0.35 mm of lead? | glasses |
| What requires 0.5 mm of lead? | aprons, thyroid shields, & clear lead-plastic overhead protective barrier |
| Primary barriers require how much lead? | 1/16 of an inch |
| Secondary barriers require how much lead? | 1/32 of an inch |
| How tall must the primary wall barrier be? | 7 ft |
| How many inches must overlap between primary and secondary barriers? | 1/2 inch |
| What follows a nonlinear, threshold response curve? | eyes and skin |
| What is the largest carpal bone? | capitate |
| What is used to calibrate resolution? | Line pairs/millimeter |
| What is on the low voltage/secondary side? | exposure timer |
| What is the body of the scotty dog? | lamina |
| What is the eye of the scotty dog? | pedicle |
| What is the nose of the scotty dog? | transverse process |
| What is the ear of the scotty dog? | superior articular process |
| What is the neck of the scotty dog? | pars interarticularis |
| What is the leg of the scotty dog? | inferior articular process |
| Amount of aluminum required for below 50 kVp? | 0.5 mm |
| Amount of aluminum required for 50-70 kVp? | 1.5 mm |
| Amount of aluminum required for above 70 kVp? | 2.5 mm (min. is 1.75) |
| Is noise increased or decreased in an underexposed image? | increased |
| To decrease the risk of the right ureter being superimposed over the transverse process of the lumbar spine the patient should be placed in: | an RPO |
| How is cumulative lifetime dose calculated? | age x 10 |
| What is designed to minimize unnecessary exposure to the patient? | positive beam limitation |
| As anode angle increases: | spatial resolution decreases |
| What follows a linear, non-threshold (stochastic): | thyroid and breast |
| What is mapped by the look up table? | image gray scale values |
| Where is the mA selector found? | in the filament |
| What affects shape distortion? | tube angulation |
| What affects size distortion? | OID and SID |
| What angle is used for the Townes projection? | 37 degree caudal |
| What is perpendicular to the IR for an AP skull? | OML and CR |
| Administrative & computerized clinical data, patient demographics, medical reports, insurance claims, etc.? | HL-7 |
| Cells life of highest point of radiosensitivity? | during mitosis |
| Which flexure is demonstrated in an RPO? | splenic (SIDE UP) |
| What creates a violet light? | analog to digital converter |
| What creates the greatest reduction of patient dose? | decreased field size |
| What does the flat panel thin film transistor do? | converts x-ray to electrons |
| Scattered photons from Compton are _____ than incident x-ray photons. | lower |
| A direct relationship is necessary to compensate for the changes in intensity & receptor exposure | direct square law |
| inverse square law | |
| What are considered short term somatic effects? | epilation, erythema, & epistaxis |
| What is used to test rectifier failure? | spinning top test |
| Patient long bone exposure is considered what type of effect? | general somatic effect |
| Fluoro magnification is influenced by? | the size of the input phosphor |
| The lateral projection of the elbow demonstrates: | olecranon & olecranon process |
| What makes up the scintillator layer? | Cesium iodide & gadolinium oxysulfide |
| What is given to a patient experiencing a seizure? | dilantin |
| Receptor exposure is controlled by: | window level |
| Low dose imaging is used with CCDs because: | they respond to low light lasers |
| Maximum exposure rate per minute in fluoro is: | 10 c/kg |
| Insufficient light produces by the imaging plate phosphor makes the image appear: | grainy |
| Lead thickness for aprons: | 0.5 mm |
| 10-50 Gy will produce: | Gastrointestinal syndrome |
| 1-10 Gy will produce: | hemopoietic syndrome |
| 50 Gy and above will produce: | CNS |
| What is the source of origin for production of kVp? | autotransformer |
| What improves spatial resolution? | smaller pixel size, larger image matrix, & smaller pixel pitch |
| What study demonstrates the pelvicalyceal system & ureters? | retrograde pyelogram |
| What happens when a larger imaging plate than needed is used? | decreases resolution |
| What is minimum height of the bag for a BE? | 45 cm (18 inches) |
| To avoid absorption of remnant radiation by lead strips | angle alone long axis of grid |
| Which SI joint is demonstrated? | side up |
| What position demonstrates a hiatal hernia? | Trendelenburg |
| What is the minimum change in mAs to show a perceptible difference on the image? | 30% |
| What is the minimum change in kVp to show a perceptible difference on the image? | 15% |
| What is the total brightness gain of the image intensifier? | flux gain |
| Equals the square of the input phosphor diameter / the square of the output phosphor diameter | magnification gain |
| Increase in kV applied to the x-ray tube will: | increase exposure rate |
| Grid devices will have no affect on which of the following? | production of secondary & scattered radiation |
| Parietocanthial projection exits at the: | acanthion |
| The difference between x-radiation and gamma radiation is? | source of origin |
| Overlapping of proximal ulna & radius occurs in what position? | when hand is pronated |
| Motor that rotates the anode | induction motor |
| CR angled along long axis of a part? | axial |
| What position demonstrates barium in the fundus? | LPO |
| The rami is visualized in what position? | a true lateral |
| Degree of radiosensivity of cells is influenced by: | specificity, maturity, & mitotic activity |
| What position demonstrates the retrocardiac space? | RAO |
| Most anterior structure of the scapula is: | coracoid |
| What demonstrates the right intervertebral foramina? | RAO |
| Digital imaging was first used in: | CT |
| Greatest form of acute radiation comes from: | UGI (fluoro) |
| When extravasation occurs what should the radiographer do? | apply pressure and use moist heat |
| What does the SMV demonstrate? | zygomatic arches |
| What does NOT affect spatial resolution? | grid ratio |
| What DOES affect spatial resolution? | OID, IR speed, & motion |
| The falling off of sharpness towards the edges? | vignetting |
| Articular faces on left side of C-spine are demonstrated | on left lateral |
| Profile view of the left kidney is visualized in what position? | 30-degree RPO |
| Greatest effectiveness of low LET? | aerobic |
| Greatest period of radio resistance during pregnancy? | 3rd trimester |
| How to make cranium parallel to IR: | place IOML parallel |
| What does DQE measure? | quantity |
| Patient placed in a posterior oblique for a lumbar will show which apophyseal joints? | ones closest to IR |
| Where does the least amount of air exchange occur? | in the apices |
| Measuring leakage radiation occurs: | 1 meter from tube housing |
Created by:
gnteumac