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EA Physics Unit 13
Modern Physics
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| wave-particle duality | The observation that quantum-scale objects such as subatomic particles and light exhibit properties of both particles and waves (hyphenated) |
| quantum theory | The theory that describes matter and energy at very small (atomic) sizes. |
| planck's constant | The proportionality constant between energy of a quantum and its frequency (possessive) |
| photon | A quantum of light. A packet of electromagnetic energy emitted or absorbed (particle of light) |
| atom | The smallest particle of an element that retains the characteristics of the element. |
| ionization | The process of removing an electron from an atom |
| energy level | A specific amount of energy associated with each stationary state or electron orbit. |
| excited state | When the electron is in any level above the ground state. |
| nucleon | Any subatomic particle found in the atomic nucleus. Another name for either a proton or a neutron. |
| ionization energy | The energy required to remove an electron from an atom to form an ion. |
| energy level diagram | A diagram showing the arrangement of an atom's energy levels. |
| ground state | When the electron is in the lowest energy level (n=1) |
| emission spectrum | The spectrum of light released from excited atoms of an element |
| antimatter | A material consisting of atoms that are composed of antiprotons, antineutrons and positrons. |
| antiparticle | A particle having mass identical to the associated particle, but with charge of opposite sign. |
| atomic absorption spectrum | The series of dark lines shown on a full EM spectrum resulting from the selective absorption of particular frequencies of EM radiation. |
| antiquark | The antiparticle of a quark |
| atomic emission spectrum | The pattern of frequencies of electromagnetic radiation emitted by the atoms of an element, considered to be the element's "fingerprint" |
| baryon | An elementary particle consisting of 3 quarks |
| lepton | A particle that interacts through the electromagnetic, weak and gravitational forces, but not the strong nuclear force. This classification of matter consists of electrons and neutrinos. |
| neutrino | A neutral particle that has little, if any mass but does possess both energy and momentum. |
| positron | A particle whose mass is equal to the mass of the electron, and whose positive electric charge is equal in magnitude to the negative charge of the electron. |
| quantized | Means that something comes in certain values only. |
| quarks | Particles of matter that make up protons and neutrons (plural). |
| standard model of particle physics | A theory that is used to explain the existence of all the particles that have been observed and the forces that hold atoms together or lead to their decay. |
| strong nuclear force | An attractive force between protons and neutrons in an atomic nucleus. |
| unified atomic mass unit | A quantity equal to one-twelfth of the mass of a carbon-12 atom. (u) |
| binding energy | The energy needed to break up a nucleus into its constituent nucleons. |
| annihilation | The process of that occurs when a subatomic particles collides with its respective antiparticle - typically resulting in the complete destruction of both particles and release of energy. |
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