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MadisonGunter
Nutrition
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Which of the following is a definition of "nutrients"? | chemicals in food used by the body for growth and health |
| An essential nutrient: | must be obtained from food |
| A food contains 15 grams of carbohydrate, 3 grams of protein, and 1 gram of fat. How many calories does this food contain? | 81 calories |
| How many calories are supplied by a vitamin? | 0 |
| Which nutrient is the medium for all bodily processes? | water |
| The energy-yielding nutrients are: | protein, carbohydrate, and fats |
| Which of the following are diet related diseases? All of these are correct, some cancers, type 2 diabetes, osteoporosis, cardiovascular disease | All of these are correct |
| Since the 1980's, prevalence of obesity has: | increased |
| _______ chemical reactions in the cells of the body that change food into energy. | metabolism |
| A serving of food contains 10 grams of carbohydrate, 2 grams of protein, and 4 grams of fat. Based on this information, a serving of this food supplies _______ calories? | 84 |
| A healthful diet can be described by which of the following? | balance, moderation, and variety |
| Nutrient density refers to food that: | are rich in nutrients but relatively low in calories |
| The Dietary Reference Intake (DRI) for nutrients are generally: | designed to be adequate for almost all healthy people |
| A food is considered high in a nutrient if it provides | 20% or more of the Daily Value |
| Which of the following describes an action that applies to the 2020-2025 US Dietary Guidelines for Americans? | all of these apply |
| Foods in a given food group in MyPlate are equivalent in their content of: | vitamins and minerals |
| Typical Americans eat: | too many calories and solid fat |
| Which of the following is a convenient way to determine appropriate portion sizes and avoid consuming extra calories? | your hand |
| Food labels list ingredients in : | descending order of predominance (by weight) |
| A statement linking the nutritional profile of a food to a reduced risk of a particular disease is known as a: | health claim |
| Food is pushed through the esophagus by: | peristalsis |
| Which of the following protects the stomach from the damaging effects of the hydrochloric acid? | mucus |
| Bile functions as: | an emulsifier |
| Bicarbonate: | neutralizes acid from the stomach |
| Villi and microvilli are fingerlike and hairlike projections that line the small intestines. Their purpose is to: | increase surface area of the small intestine |
| Nutrients are absorbed in the: | small intestine |
| Intestinal gas is produced by: | bacterial fermentation |
| Metabolism takes place in the: | liver |
| Virtually infinite storage for energy is found in: | fat cells |
| A patient was just diagnosed with celiac disease. What foods should they avoid eating? | pulled pork sandwich and coleslaw |
| If a person uses up the body's reserve supply of glycogen and still does not eat, glucose (sugar) comes from the: | provide the body with energy |
| How many grams of carbohydrate would it take to equal 32 calories? | 8 |
| Sucrose is an example of a: | disaccharide |
| When glucose and galactose are bonded together, they form: | lactose |
| You have probably heard that dietary fiber is good for you. Which of these food(s) is/are a good source? | baby carrots, fresh fruit, dried beans, oatmeal are all good sources |
| Which one of these ingredients should you watch for on a food label when you want to avoid added sugar? | honey |
| A hormone that lowers high levels of glucose in the blood is: | insulin |
| If a person uses up the body's reserve supply of glycogen and still does not eat, glucose (sugar) comes from the: | liver |
| What are the main sources of complex carbohydrates in a person's diet? | seeds, beans, and grains |
| What happens to carbohydrates that are not digested (fiber) in the intestines? | they pass into the large intestine and are eliminated |
| How many calories are provided by fat in your roommate's most recent meal? | 504 calories |
| Which of the following is a function of fat? | most concentrated source of energy for the body. |
| If a source of fat is from an animal, then it likely contains: | saturated fat and cholesterol. |
| Which fats are liquid at room temperature? | unsaturated fats |
| Which of the following groups of foods do not contain cholesterol? | avocados, bananas, and beans |
| The most effective way to lower cholesterol is to: | reduce saturated fat intake |
| Which of the following is "good" cholesterol? | HDL-cholesterol |
| It seems everyone is talking about (dietary) fat. The best way to control fat in your diet is to: | use "balance, variety, and moderation." |
| Atherosclerosis can occur: | all of these |
| A deficiency of fat in the diet may result in which of the following? deficiency of fat-soluble vitamins, decreased growth, flaky dermatitis, all of these | all of these |
| Which of the following diseases/conditions may be a possible risk of consuming a vegetarian diet? | Iron deficiency anemia |
| Which nutrient(s) is/are most likely missing from a vegan diet? | vitamin B12, vitamin D, and iron |
| Which of the following foods would a lacto-ovovegetarian eat? | milk and eggs |
| A diet high in protein generally correspond to a diet that is also too high in: | fat |
| A protein is said to be "complete" when: | all essential amino acids are present and in proper proportion |
| Which of the following foods contain complete protein? | beef, milk, eggs |
| The primary role of protein is: | |
| A protein: | has nitrogen in its chemical structure |
| ____is the physical changes that take place in a protein when it is exposed to abnormal conditions in the environment | denaturation |
| What is the RDA for protein of a healthy adult woman who weighs 62 kg? | 49.6 grams |
| Nearly all alcohol ingested is metabolized in the: | liver |
| Which of the following can influence the absorption and metabolism of alcohol: | ethnicity, gender, the presence of food in the stomach, and the type of alcohol and amount consumed |
| The liver can metabolize ______ drink(s) of alcohol per hour | 1 |
| Which of the following is correct concerning alcohol's metabolism in a man and woman of the same height and weight? | the woman has a lower capacity for metabolizing alcohol than the man |
| Alcohol metabolism is not influenced by a person's | level of caffeine consumption |
| After her college graduation party, Jade's BAC was 0.16%. This level is ______ times the legal limit. | 2 |
| Alcohol is | a depressant drug |
| While at a part, Jenna drank 24 ounces of beer and 10 ounces of wine. Based on this information, her alcohol consumption was equivalent to _____ standard alcoholic drinks. | 4 |
| Chronic alcohol abuse increases the risk of ______ cancer | pancreatic, stomach, and colon |
| Bob's blood alcohol concentration is 0.25. Based on this information Bob is | unconscious |
| Vitamins: | are organic molecules |
| Which of the following practices may reduce your risk of cancer? | eating more fruits and vegetables |
| Which of the following food is a rich source of vitamin C? egg whiles, whole milk, green pepper, hamburger patty | green pepper |
| Patients with pernicious anemia are treated with: | high doses of vitamin B12 |
| To reduce the likelihood of giving birth to babies with neural tube defects, women of childbearing age should obtain adequate | folate |
| Diets that lack niacin can lead to | pellagra |
| Vitamin K can be produced by | intestinal bacteria |
| Lack of vitamin _____ causes scurvy | Vitamin C |
| Enriched grain products have specific amounts of ________ added during processing | thiamin |
| People who are unable to absorb fat are likely to develop a ______ deficiency | Vitamin A |
| Minerals are divided into two categories. Name the categories: | trace and major |
| Calcium absorption is aided by: | vitamin D |
| What happens when a person's calcium intake is low? | calcium is released from bones into the bloodstream to be used by the rest of the body |
| Vitamin C will increase the absorption of ________ when included in the same meal. | iron |
| Which food provides iron in the most absorbable form? | steak |
| From which sources might people unintentionally consume excessive sodium? | processed and fast foods |
| If the extracellular fluid has an excess of sodium ions, | intercellular fluid moves to the outside of cells |
| The four basic functions of water in the human body include: transportation vehicle, temperature regulator, lubricant/shock absorber, and | chemical reactions |
| Bottled water is not necessarily better than tap water because: bottled water is more expensive than tap water, it is regulated by the FDA, it could be tap water that is enhanced with a mineral and then bottled, all of the above | all of the above |
| What body part uses iodine to maintain normal function? | thyroid |
| Body Mass Index is: | based on the relationship between weight and risk of chronic disease |
| _______ fat deposits are under the abdominal muscles | visceral |
| _______ relies on the principle that lean tissue is denser than water | underwater weighting |
| _______ is a hormone that reduces hunger and inhibits fat storage in the body | leptin |
| Being overweight/obese increases the risk for various health conditions. Which of the following conditions is affected by overweight/obesity? pregnancy, type 2 diabetes, respiratory disorders, orthopedic conditions, all of these | all of these |
| Bioelectrical impedance is based on the fact that: | fat is a poor conductor of electricity |
| Vital organs (lungs, heart, kidneys, ect.) required energy to function. Which of the following describes this type of energy? | basal energy metabolism |
| Obesity is caused by which of the following factors? | multifactorial |
| The body's physiological need for food is experienced as: | hunger |
| To maintain a healthy weight, the most important goals are related to changes in: | behaviors |
| Sport drinks are formulated to: | replace fluids and electrolytes lost through sweat |
| Your roommate knows there are three components of fitness, but cannot remember which of the following is not a component of fitness. Can you help (which is not a component of fitness)? | lung volume |
| Your friend wants to know how to achieve cardiovascular fitness. Since you are taking this class, you tell him a person must exercise (work) at a specific heart rate which is called? | target heart rate |
| Glucose is the primary fuel for intense activity. It comes primarily from: | glycogen stores |
| Fitness enables the heart muscle, blood vessels, and lungs to work at maximum efficiency. What is this called? | cardiovascular endurance |
| Which of the following fuel sources provide energy for exercising muscles? | glucose and fatty acids |
| You are getting ready to run a half-marathon and you want your diet to provide an edge. Which of the following nutrients will do this? | carbohydrates |
| It takes about _______ minutes of aerobic activity for our bodies to switch to fat as a fuel. | 20 |
| Your sister is training for a marathon and is exercising in hot, humid weather. She weighted herself before and after a training run, and found she had lost 5 pounds. Approximately, how much water loss does this represent? | 10 cups |
| Which of the following minerals is a component of the body's oxygen transporting system? | iron |
| Which of the following conditions is a common nutrition-related sign of early pregnancy that occurs in many healthy pregnant women? | morning sickness |
| Bethany is due to give birth to a boy in March. Before she becomes pregnant, Bethany weighted 140 lbs, which was in the healthy range for her height. Based on this information, her physician will recommend that she gain _____ pounds during her pregnancy. | 25-35 |
| Lisa is a healthy young woman whose energy requirement is 2250 kcal/day. Based on this information, what would be her daily energy requirement during her first trimester of pregnancy? | 2250 kcals |
| Pregnant women generally need to take a supplement that contains... | folic acid |
| Pregnant women who develop gestational diabetes are more likely to give birth to _____ infants than pregnant women who do not have this condition. | high-birth-weight |
| Which of the following substances is a lipid that is necessary for the proper development of an infant's nervous system? | DHA |
| Alexis weighs 6.5 pounds at birth. Assuming her development proceeds normally, she should weigh about ______ pounds by her first birthday. | 19.5 |
| Most infants are physically ready to start eating solid foods when they ... | can sit up with some back support |
| Which of the following food is a usually recommended as the first solid food for infants? | rice cereal |
| Caregivers should not feed ______ to infants | honey |
| To encourage healthy eating practices among children, caregivers should | have young children help select and prepare new foods |
| Anna would like to offer a high-fiber, nutrient-dense snack to her healthy 4-year-old son. Based on this information, she should serve | a small unpeeled apple that has been cut into wedges |
| In the United States, the diets of many school-age children supply too much | sodium |
| In the United States, most | NOT girls begin their growth spurt when they are between 14 and 16 years of age |
| Most nutrition-related concerns of adolescents include _____ intakes. | low iron |
| Reduced _____ is a normal physiological change associated with aging. | secretion of intrinsic factor |
| Which of the following vitamins is often lacking in the diets of older adults, especially elderly women? | vitamin D |
| Bernice is 91 year of age. Her _____ is likely to have a negative influence her nutritional status. | annual income |
| Which of the following minerals is often lacking in the diets of older adults, especially elderly women? | calcium |
| Dysphagia can be caused by | stroke |
| _______ are disease-causing microbes. | pathogens |
| The __________ is the primary government agency that oversees the safety of most foods in the United States. | Food and Drug Administration (FDA) |
| Food-borne illnesses are usually characterized by | abdominal cramps, diarrhea, and vomiting. |
| In the United States, common sources of food-borne illness include all of the following except: | fungi |
| Which of the following practices can help reduce the growth of food-borne pathogens? | All of these answers are correct |
| Which of the following food preservation processes effectively destroys microbes? | sterilization |
| ___________is a commercial heating process that destroys harmful bacteria in milk and fruit juices. | pasteurization |
| When you travel to countries outside the United States, you can reduce your risk of "travelers diarrhea" by | avoiding water that has not been bottled and sealed. |
| Which of the following temperatures is recommended for storing chilled foods in the refrigerator? | 40 degrees F |
| To reduce the risk of food-borne illness, raw poultry should be cooked to an internal temperature of at least | 165 degrees F |
| The process of altering foods through genetic manipulation is called | biotechnology |
| Why are pesticides used? | to kill insects, rodents, or other living things. |
| Substances widely used for many years without apparent ill effects are on the _________ list. | GRAS |
| All of the following impact food security except? | population growth in rural areas |
| The largest agricultural crop produced in the United States is | corn |
| Cows are injected with hormones in order to | all of these are correct |
| The agency that evaluates all food pesticides via a four-part risk assessment is the | EPA |
| If a food label says "Made with Organic Ingredients," then the food | contains at least 70 percent organic ingredients |
| Which of the following health issues is not a direct contributor to food insecurity? | mild to moderate obesity |
| Which of the following techniques is the simplest way to make water safe to drink? | using solar radiation to purify water |
Created by:
madison2020