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ToP
Horney, Fromm, Erikson, Maslow
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Erik Erikson | met Ana Freud when he's still working as an artist and a teacher; encouraged, leading to him studying child psychoanalysis |
| American Indian Children | Erikson studied this particular group to formulate theories; the study of this children helped him correlate personality growth with parental and societal values |
| Aboriginal Children | Erikson studied this particular group to learn about the influence of society and culture to child development; developed many theories because of this such as psychosocial development |
| Psychosocial Stages of Development | Most famous theory of Erik Erikson |
| Erik Erikson | Believes that humans have to resolve different conflicts as they progress through each stage of development in the life cycle |
| Erik Erikson | Had identity crisis |
| to extend rather than repudiate Freud's assumptions and to offer a new “way of looking at things”. | Erikson intended his theory to ______________ |
| Post-Freudian theory | extended Freud's infantile development stages into adolescence, adulthood, and old age. |
| Personality according to Erik Erikson | The product of psychosocial struggle that we have encountered as we age |
| Psychosocial Struggle | At each specific stage, this contributes to the formation of personality |
| Identity Crisis | One of the highlights of puberty; a turning point in one's life that may either strengthen or weaken personality. |
| Historical and Social Influences | Erikson gave more emphasis to these influences |
| Ego (Post-Freudian Theory) | a positive force that creates a self-identity, a sense of “I” |
| Ego (Post-Freudian Theory) | center of our personality; helps us adapt to the various conflicts and crises of life and keeps us from losing our individuality to the leveling forces of society. |
| Childhood | During this stage, ego pliable and fragile; but by adolescence it should begin to take form and gain strength. |
| Ego | according to Erikson, it is a person's ability to unify experiences and actions in an adaptive manner. |
| Body Ego, Ego Ideal, Ego identity | 3 INTERRELATED ASPECTS OF EGO |
| Body Ego | refers to experiences with our body; a way of seeing our physical self as different from other people. |
| Ego ideal | represents the image we have ourselves in comparison with an established ideal. |
| Ego ideal | It is responsible for our being satisfied or dissatisfied not only with our physical self but with our entire personal identity. |
| Ego identity | the image we have ourselves in the variety of social roles we play. |
| Ego Identity, Ego Strength, Conflict | Elements of Erikson's Theory |
| Ego identity | developed by human interaction and how an individual becomes more conscious of themselves and their surroundings |
| Ego Strength | Deals with an individual becoming competent in different areas of life, by becoming competent in life they feel more important. |
| Conflict | opposite of pathology; a turning point which an individual struggles to attain some psychological quality |
| Conflict | Also called psychological crisis; a time of both vulnerability and strength, as one works toward success or failure |
| Epigenetic principle | A step by step process; growth takes place in accordance to this according to Erikson. |
| Interaction of opposites | Every stage of life has this interaction; a conflict between syntonic and dystonic elements. |
| Ego/Basic Strength | Product of conflict between syntonic and dystonic elements |
| Turning Point | Adolescence forward: Personality is characterized by identity crisis called ___________ |
| Trust vs. Mistrust | Infant (0-1); S/O is mother; infant is utterly dependent, the development of trust is based on the dependability and quality of the child's caregivers. |
| Autonomy vs. Shame and Doubt | Toddler (2-3); Toddlers realize that they can direct their own behavior; S/O are parents; children developing a greater sense of personal control. |
| Initiative vs. Guilt | Pre-schooler (3-6); S/O is family; Children learn to initiate tasks and carry out plans, or they feel guilty about their efforts to be independent. |
| Industry vs. Inferiority | Grade-schooler (7-12); S/O are neighbor and school; Children learn the pleasure of applying them- selves to tasks, or they feel inferior. |
| Identity vs. Role Confusion | Teenager; S/O are peer and role model; children explore their independence and develop a sense of self. |
| Intimacy vs. Isolation | Young Adult (20-30); S/O are partner and friends; Search for life partners and lifetime friends |
| Generativity vs. Stagnation | Middle-age-Adult (31-60); S/O is household or workmate; Contentment at work and family |
| Integrity vs. Despair | Older Adult (60 and up); S/O is man kind; Reflection/review of life |
| Psychosocial Development | Personality develops in a series of predetermined stages |
| Freud: Psychosexual Stages of Development: Erikson: Psychosexual Mode | Counterpart analogy of Freud and Erikson |
| Karen Horney | Her father was a harsh disciplinarian and felt deprived of his affection; witnessed death of her loved ones; had negative childhood xp |
| Psychoanalytic Social Theory | Psychodynamic theory proposed by Karen Horney |
| Social Cultural Conditions | According to Horney, these conditions are largely responsible in shaping the personality. |
| Basic Hostility | Neglection results to this |
| Basic Anxiety | Basic Hostility results to this |
| Cultural Influences | Primary bases for both neurotic and normal personality development |
| Isolation | Competitiveness + Basic Hostility |
| Intensified need for Affection | Feelings of isolation results to this |
| Desperate Love | Provides fertile ground for dev't of neurosis |
| Pathological | Neurotics strive in this ways for love |
| Neurosis | attempts to make life bearable; irrational defenses against anxiety; unrealistic, unreasonable, and indiscriminate needs |
| Parental Indiffirence | basic evil; road to hell; lack of warmth and affection |
| Basic Hostility | reaction to parental indifference; anger; protesting injustice; incapable of love |
| Child's hostility | habitual response; coping mechanism of kid |
| Basic Anxiety | Nutritive soil of neurosis; helplessness and abandonment; not neurosis itself; not pathological; not synanymous to abnormality; result of loneliness and isolation |
| Affection, submissiveness, power, withdrawal | Defenses against basic anxiety according to horney |
| Affection | Purchase love with self-affecting compliance, material goods, or sexual favor; sugar daddy/mommy |
| Submissiveness | Submitting self to other people or institution to gain affection |
| Power | Defense Against hostility of others; dominating others |
| Withdrawal | Develops independency from others; detaching emotionally; feeling that they cannot be hurt by other |
| Erich Fromm | Influenced by Freud and Marx; only child of orthodox Jews; proposed Humanistic Psychoanalysis |
| Modern Day People | They are torn away from prehistoric union with nature but gifted with power of reasoning, foresight, and imagination. |
| Self-Awareness | modern day people have feelings of loneliness, isolation, and homelessness as a result of this |
| Historical and Cultural Perspective | Erich Fromm's humanistic approach views personality in this perspective |
| Human history | Fromm suggested that individual personality can only be understand in light of this |
| Human Dilemma | Humans have no powerful instincts to adapt to a changing world but has an adapted facility to reason |
| Relatedness, Transcendence, Rootedness, Sense of Identity, and Frame of Orientation | Different Human Needs according to Fromm |
| Relatedness | Drive for union with others |
| Submission, Power, Love | 3 basic ways to relate to world |
| Transcendence | move beyond; urge to rise above a passive and accidental existence; realm of purposefulness and freedom |
| Rootedness | Need to establish root; to feel at home again in the world |
| Sense of Identity | Capacity to be aware of ourselves as separate identity; identity resides in their attachment to others |
| Insanity | this results to absence of sense of identity |
| Frame of Orientation | split off from naturel road map to make their way through world; philosophy/consistent way of looking at things |
Created by:
hellennn