Help
Options
Didn't know it?
click below
click below
Knew it?
click below
click below
Don't Know
Remaining cards (0)
Know
retry
shuffle
restart
0:00
Embed Code - If you would like this activity on your web page, copy the script below and paste it into your web page.
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Vn03 -
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What does rostral mean ? | Rostral refers to the direction towards the nose |
| What are the 3 main cavities of the body ? | Thoratic, abdominal and pelvic cavity |
| How many vertebra does a dog have ? | 7 cervical vertebrae , 13 thoratic vertebrae, 7 lumbar and 3 sacral fused vertebrae and a varying number of coccygeal |
| How are bones classified ? | Long eg femur, short eg carpus, flat eg scapular, irregular eg vertebrae and seasamoid eg patella |
| Name the types of joints ? | Synovial - moveable may contain ligaments FIBROUS- Immovable , dense connective tissue Cartilage outs - united by cartilage , eg intervetebral discs |
| What does cranial and caudal mean ? | Cranial refers to the head end of the body , caudal refers to the tail end |
| What does Dorsal and ventral mean ? | Dorsal- towards the upper surface of the body Ventral - Lower surface of the body |
| Ligaments attach: | Bones to bones |
| Tendons attach : | Bones to muscle |
| What is the function of the synovial sheath ? | To allow for smooth movement of the tendon over the bone and absorbs nutrients needed for the tendon |
| What is the function of the diaphragm ? | Situated under the ribs and it separates the thoratic and abdominal cavity in mammals |
| What are the 3 openings of the diaphragm ? | Aortic hiatus - allows the aorta, azygous vein and the thoracic duct Oesophageal hiatus - allows oesophagus tthrough diaphragm Caval flormen - allows caudal vena cava to carry blood away from heart to organs |
| Where would you find epaxial and hypaxial muscles ? | Epaxial are found dorsal of the vertebrae and hypaxial are ventral to vertebrae |
| What do the following movement terminology mean ? Abduction Addiction Extension Flexion | Abduction - movement away from medial plane - limb Abduction - movement of limb towards the medial plane Extension - the single between two bones increases Flexion - the angle between two bones decreases |
| Pronation Supination Protraction Retraction Rotatio | Pronation - inward roll of the paw Supination - outward roll of the paw Protraction - advancing limb foreward Retraction - limb towards body Rotation - movement. Consisting of twisting motion of a part on its own axis |
| What types of injection administration are commonly used ? | Sub cutaneous - under the skin Intramuscular - into muscle Intravenous- directly into vein Intraperitoneal - into abdominal cavity |
| What sites are used for intravenous injection ? | CEPHALLIC -dorsal aspect of the forelimb Saphenoous - lateral aspect of distal tibia Jugular- ventral aspect of neck Marginal ear vein - used in rabbits |
| What is SOAP in terms of nursing assessment ? | Subjective -personal observation Objective - assessment of measurable observations eg. Temperature Assessment - may include both of the above Planning - desired outcome and outline treatment plan |
| Patients in who’s model are assumed as one of three states : well , ill or dead ? | Markov Model |
| What type of circulation system do mammals have ? | Double circulation - the blood passes through the heart twice during once complete circuit of the body |
| What delivers blood to the right artery ? | The vena cava |
| Where does blood travel to from the right ventricle ? | Through the pulmonary artery to the lungs |
| What is the role of arteries and veins ? | Arteries - Most transport oxygenated blood away from the heart under pressure But the pulmonary artery transports deoxygenated blood yo the lungs Arteries have thick walls with elastic layers Veins transport blood towards the heart , pressure is low |
| What does the pulmonary vein do ? | Carry’s oxygenated blood from the lungs to the heart |
| What is the name of the endothelial layer of arteries and capiliiaries ? | Tunica intima |
| What is diastole ? | The process of the heart relaxing , allowing the atria to fill with blood |
| What is the conduction mechanism of the heart ? | The sinal atrial node which is in the right atrium wall- it acts as the pacemaker to control the heart beat |
| How does the heart beat ? | The SA node sends wave over atria, causing contraction. The wave is picked up at atrioventricular node at the interventricular septum. The wave travels down the bundle of his , branching off into purkinje fibres. These send impulse upward through ventricl |
| During which conduction process does blood leave the ventricles ? | Ventricular systole |
| What is the function of the kidneys? | Make urine , filter out toxins , production of blood cellls Produces erythropoietin to produce Rbc |
| What structure does urine leave the kidneys in | The ureters |
| What kind of muscle makes up the walls of the ureters ? | Smooth and transitional epithelium |
| What is meant by micturition ? | Discharge of urine. This will only occur when both sphincters relax. The brain can override the micturtion reflex pathways and prevent the internal sphincter from relaxing |
| What is polyurea ? | Excessive urination |
| What is the normal Urine output for cats and Dogs ? | 1-2 ml per kilogram of body weight per hour |
| What are the two stages of respiration? | External - occurs in the lungs alveoli via diffusion Internal - gaseous exchange between the blood and the tissues |
| What is the structure that surrounds the nasal cavities ? | Rhianarium |
| What bones attach the larynx to the skull ? | Hyoid bones |
| What muscles are involved with respiration ? | Diaphragm - between the thorax and abdominal cavities , flatten when they contract and increases the volume of the thoratic cavity allowing lungs to expand . External intercostal - lift ribs up and outwards when they contract Internal intercostal- passive |
| What are the functions of the nervous system | Receives information from internal and external environment . Interprets the information received and sends signals to cause activity. |
| How do sensory and motor neurons differ ? | Sensory - afferent- send impulses towards the CNS Motor- efferent - impulses sent away from the CNS |
| What ions are important for the passing of nerve impulses across the synapse ? | Calcium ions |
| How many pairs of cranial nerves arrise from the brain ? | 12 pairs |
| How do white and grey matter differ? | White matter is myelinated axons that pass to and from the brain or different segments of the spinal cord Grey matter - nerve bodies and interneurons |
| What is meant by the reflex arc ? | The arrival of the stimulus activates a receptor which acts via a sensory neutron. Rather than the impulse travelling to the brain , the signal goes straight to motor neuron. The arc acts quickly and involuntarily to cause quick response |
| What nervous system is responsible for the fight or flight response ? | Sympathetic nervous system |
| In neurones what is the function of Schwann cells ? | Produce mycin |
| What is the gap between the neurons called? | Synapse |
| What are the functions of the spinal cord ? | Passage of sensory nerve impulses to the brain , passage of motor nerve impulses from the brain and coordination of simple reflexes r |
| What kind of nerve fibre is the optic nerve ? | Sensory , it connect the eye to the sight centre of the brain |
| What cranial motor nerve supplies nerve impulses to the muscles of the eye, eyelid and ciliary body ? | Ocularmotor |
| What is the role of the vestibulocochlear nerve ? | Sensory nerv to upport balance and hearing |
| What part of the brain are visual and auditory reflexes passed to ? | Midbrain |
| What’s the pia matter ? | The protective cells covering the brain for protextion |
| What part of the nervous system is controlled through the hypothalamus ? | Autonomic - control centres for hunger, thirst and sleep |
| What are the four lobes of the forebrain ? | Occipital , temporal , parietal and frontal |
| What part of the brain would you locate the olfactory bulb , thalamus and hypothalamus ? | Forebrain |
| What does the hindbrain comprise of ? | Cerebellum - balance. Medulla oblongata- reflex centres for regulation of HR, BP, Swalllowing PONS - PNEUMOTAXIC AND APNEUSTIC CENTRES |
| What 3 membranes follow the contours of the brain and provide protection ? | Dura mater, arachnoid mater and pia mater |
| What is the role of cerebrospinal fluid ? | Cushions the CNS and supply nutrients to the nervous tissues |
| What is the structure of skin? | Epidermis top layer , dermis and hypodermis |
| Which structure of the skin would be descrrbed as Aascular ? | Epidermis - it is made up of many layers of squamous epithelium and doesn’t have a goood blood supply , so it receives nutrients from the dermis which is vascular. |
| Which structure of the skin is where SC injections are given ? | Hypodermis |
| What skin structure forms the quick of the claws ? | The dermis |
| What is he flehmen response and which animals would you see it in ? | The flehmen response is when odour molecules on the tongue are moved the the top of the mouth to be received by the Jacobson’s organ which passes information to the brain - cats, snakes and horses |
| What structure of the ear is a semi transparent membrane that conveys the sound waves to ossicles ? | Tympanic membrane |
| Which structure equalises the air pressure either side of the typanic membrane ? | The Eustachian tube |
| What are thee names of the 3 small bones that make up the auditory ossicles ? | The malleus , incus and stapes |
| What is the role of the vestibule ? | Made up of 2 sac like. Structures , they both contain sensory receptor hair cells surrounded by jelly containing calcium carbonate. As the head moves the jelly responds to the pull of gravity, moving the hairs which carry nerve impulses to the CNS |
| What are the equipment suitable for handling aggressive animals ? |
Created by:
10217379588362026