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EA Physics Unit 12

Wave Applications

TermDefinition
doppler effect The change in observed or apparent wave frequency due to relative motion of source and observer.
wave fronts All the points along a wave that form the wave crest.
pitch How "high" or "low" your ear perceived a sound wave. Determined by frequency
frequency The number of wave cycles (full vibrations) that occur in a unit of time. Determines the pitch of a sound wave and the color of light.
resonance The vibration of a body at its natural frequency because of the action of a vibrating source of the same frequency.
natural frequency The frequency at which an object naturally oscillates or vibrates due to its properties such as shape, length, size, etc.
diffraction The spreading of waves into the region behind a barrier in the wave's path. The effect is largest for narrower openings in boundaries.
electromagnetic waves Energy-carrying waves, emitted by vibrating charged particles, composed of oscillating electric and magnetic fields. No medium is necessary for these to travel.
electromagnetic spectrum The complete range of frequencies and wavelengths of electromagnetic waves.
spectrum A wide range or sequence of anything.
ultraviolet light A type of electromagnetic wave that has shorter wavelengths and higher frequencies than visible light.
visible light The narrow range of electromagnetic waves that can be seen by the human eye.
infrared A type of electromagnetic wave that has longer wavelengths and lower frequencies than visible light.
radio waves Electromagnetic waves with the longest wavelengths and lowest frequencies
speed of light in a vacuum 300 Million Meters per Second
speed of sound in air at STP 331 Meters per Second
ray A line drawn in the direction of wave motion, perpendicular to the wave front
incident ray A ray that originates in a medium and strikes a boundary (interface) of that medium with another medium.
interface A shared boundary between any two media.
reflected ray A ray that has rebounded from a boundary or interface
refraction The bending of a wave as it passes from one medium to another. Caused by a change in wave speed.
refracted ray the name for a ray that has entered a second medium.
angle of incidence The angle between the incident ray and the normal line.
normal line A line drawn perpendicular to the boundary or interface between two media.
angle of reflection The angle between the reflected ray and the normal line.
law of reflection States that the angle of incidence is equal to the angle of reflection.
absolute index of refraction The ratio of the speed of light in a vacuum to the speed of light in a material. (An indicator of the amount a ray of light bends when it passes from one medium to another).
STP Standard Temperature and Pressure (0 degrees Celsius, 1 atm. of pressure)
snell's law The mathematical relationship that governs the refraction of light as it passes from one medium to another. (posessive)
normal "perpendicular"
relative index of refraction The ratio of the index of refraction in one material to the index of refraction in another.
amplitude Dictates the volume of a sound wave and the amount of energy it carries. The maximum displacement of a particle of the medium from its rest or equilibrium position.
tone quality The characteristic sound a musical instrument creates - a result of multiple harmonics combined together. Also known as timbre or "color".
fundamental frequency The lowest frequency (and longest wavelength) standing wave
harmonics Multiples of the fundamental frequencies. Multiple of these are present in the sound waves coming from musical instruments . (plural)
beat frequency A repeating volume modulation (change) caused by two similar (but slightly different) frequency sound waves interfering. Used to carefully tune musical instruments.
ray model of light Assumes that light waves travel in straight-line paths
polarization The vibration direction of electromagnetic waves (up/down, left/right, or anything in between)
polarizing filter A device which only allows one vibration direction of light pass through it.
Created by: ehansen_eak12
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