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| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| autotroph | an organism that is able to form nutritional organic substances from simple inorganic substances such as carbon dioxide. |
| heterotroph | an organism deriving its nutritional requirements from complex organic substances. |
| organism | an individual animal, plant, or single-celled life form. |
| habitat | the natural home or environment of an animal, plant, or other organism. |
| biotic factor | a living organism that shapes its environment |
| abiotic factor | a non-living part of an ecosystem that shapes its environment |
| species | a group of living organisms consisting of similar individuals capable of exchanging genes or interbreeding. The species is the principal natural taxonomic unit, ranking below a genus and denoted |
| population | all the inhabitants of a particular town, area, or country |
| Community | a group of people living in the same place or having a particular characteristic in common |
| Ecosystem | a biological community of interacting organisms and their physical environment |
| Ecology | the branch of biology that deals with the relations of organisms to one another and to their physical surroundings |
| Immigration | the action of coming to live permanently in a foreign country |
| Emigration | the act of leaving one's own country to settle permanently in another; moving abroad |
| Population density | the concentration of individuals within a species in a specific geographic locale. |
| limiting factor | anything that constrains a population's size and slows or stops it from growing |
| Carrying capacity | the number or quantity of people or things that can be conveyed or held by a vehicle or container |
| Natural selection | the process whereby organisms better adapted to their environment tend to survive and produce more offspring. The theory of its action was first fully expounded by Charles Darwin and is now believed to be the main process that brings about evolution |
| Adaptation | the action or process of adapting or being adapted. |
| Niche | a comfortable or suitable position in life or employment. |
| Competition | the activity or condition of competing. |
| Predation | the preying of one animal on others. |
| Mutualism | he doctrine that mutual dependence is necessary to social well-being. |
| Commensalism | an association between two organisms in which one benefits and the other derives neither benefit nor harm. |